Labo abathanda izitshalo zasendlini nokuzalisa, bahlale befuna izitshalo ezintsha ezingavamile kuqoqo labo. I-rhododendron kaLedebour ingaba ukuthola okuthakazelisayo okunjalo. Isitshalo esinenhlonipho negama elingaphansi kwenhle, i-rhododendron yaziwa ngokungahloniphi kwayo kanye nezimbali zakuqala ezihlukile. Kungcono ukuyixosha ebusika, lapho ezinye izitshalo ziwela ebuthongweni, noma zishiye emhlabathini ovulekile - le shrub ingamelana nokushisa okuphansi kakhulu. Ake sibheke ngokucophelela - thola indlela yokutshala le mbali, njengoba ibizwa ngabantu nokuthi kungani ithandwa kakhulu engadini yokuhlobisa.
Incazelo ye-botanical
Rhododendron Ledebour (esaziwa ngokuthi i-rosemary yasendle kanye ne-maral) yisitshalo esiphezulu saso sonke isizukulwane esivela e-Altai, esimweni semvelo esakhula kuphela endaweni ye-subalpine futhi ivikelwe ezindaweni ezivikelwe. Ekuqaleni emndenini kaHeather, i-rhododendron ikhula ibe ngamamitha ayisithupha nengxenye futhi inamagatsha amancane. Igama layo liqukethe amagama amabili esiGreki elithi "rodon" nelithi "dendron" - "rose" nelithi "tree", ngokulandelana.
Amahlumela amancane ahlale enombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, labo asebekhulile banobomvu obomvu obunobuthi obomvu. Amaqabunga amahlumela athula kancane, umbala womnqumo oqhakazile, ugoqa ema-tubules ngamaqhwa aqinile futhi avule kuphela ngesimo sezulu esifudumele. Bawa lapho isihlahla siqala ukukhulula amagatsha amasha. Rhododendron izimbali - inzuzo yayo enkulu. Zikhulu, kuze kube ngu-5 cm ubude, i-purple ehlanzekile, ngezinye izikhathi kukhona i-pink tint. I-Rhododendron blooms kabili - entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Inikeza izithelo ngendlela yebhokisi.
Kubalulekile! E-rosemary yasendle izikhathi zezimbali ziyahamba - okokuqala, izimbali eziningi, bese zihamba kancane. Ngakho isihlahla sihlala. Ukulinganisa izimbali kuze kube sezingeni lokuhlala unomphela, gwema izimbali eziphelile ngokushesha ngemva kokubuna. Isihlahla sizokwenza wonke amandla ayo ekukhuleni nasekubunzeni imifino emisha, hhayi ukugcina omdala.
Ukukhetha indawo yokufika
Okuhle kunazo zonke i-rhododendron izwa emhlabathini owumhlabathi oyimvelo - yile ndlela ekhula ngayo endle. Khetha i-penumbra ye-maral, indawo evikelwe amagatsha ezihlahla nezinye izihlahla ngaphandle kwemidwebo. Lezi zinhlobo zithanda umswakama futhi zilinganise ukupholisa - kuhle uma kukhona echibini noma echibini eliseduzane. Uma izimbali zikhudlwana zinika isihlahla, kuzodingeka kube lula ukukhanya.
I-maral inesimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi - isitshale ngaphansi kwezihlahla ngezimpande ezijulile ukuze izitshalo zingaphazanyane. Imithi enhle-omakhelwane bangamapayipi, izihlahla ze-chestnut nezitshalo. Ukufakelwa kungadingeka uma isihlahla esitshalwe siqala ukufuna.
Njenga-rhododendron, umndeni we-heather uhlanganisa i-heather evamile, i-azalea, i-arbutus yase-rosemary yasendle, isihlahla sogwebhisi, u-Erica.
Ukukhethwa okusemandleni kwezitshalo ekuthengweni
Rhododendron Ledebour - izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zama-frost. Ungayikhetha ku-nursery, noma ku-agrofirm, noma kumbukiso. I-nursery ne-agrofirm yithembekile kakhulu - abantu abanekhono basebenza lapho ukukusiza ukhethe i-rhododendron enempilo ye-Ledebour futhi ululeke ngokutshala nokumnakekela. Emibonisweni ungathenga uma usuvele uhlelekile ekulimeni. Uma uvumela injabulo evamile, ungakhetha isitshalo esibuthakathaka esingapheli ngokulindela, uma sithatha izimpande nhlobo.
Uyazi? Isiko saseMpumalanga sibheka i-rhododendron uphawu lokukhohlisa abesifazane nezinjabulo zenyama. Iphunga layo elingajwayelekile elingavamile lihlotshaniswa nesimo sengqondo nesifiso.
Uma uthenga isihlahla esineminyaka emibili noma emithathu ubudala, uqondiswe amahlumela namaqabunga. Kumelwe kube namahlumela amaningi, futhi ukhula kakhulu. Emaqabunga akekho amabhanti, amabala, amabala - lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokutheleleka ngama-parasites. Hlola izimpande, kufanele zibushelelezi, ngaphandle kwama-cones namafindo. Izitshalo zikhulwa ngokusika futhi kusuka emanzini. I-cuttings ixoshwe ekuphakameni kwe-20 cm, imbewu inesikhathi sokuhluma kuze kube yi-15. Lokhu ukuphakama komhlaba okuvulekile; ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, i-rhododendron ikhula kalula, kodwa-ke iyanda kakhulu, ngakho-ke khetha imbewu ephansi.
Inqubo yokuhambisa isinyathelo
Emhlabathini ovulekile rhododendron itshalwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngaphandle kwembali. Khetha inyanga elula kakhulu kuwe kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-Okthoba. Umhlabathi uzoba ocebile nge-peat, acidic, ngakho-ke ukumba imbobo ngokujula kancane kunomyinge wamamitha ububanzi, ububanzi buka-60 cm bese uyigcwalisa nge-peat nobumba ku-4: 1 isilinganiso. I-Ram emgodini womhlabathi wegodi, ugobe umgodi kuwo ngokutshala ama-shrub. Kungcono ukungatshali i-shrub ngesikhumba esilungile somhlaba - okokuqala ubambe itanki ngamanzi kuze kufike uhlelo lwempande ukuvumela umoya ukuba uphume. Dlulisa i-shrub enhlabathini bese uwuthululela nge-substrate kuze kube yilapho yonke uhlelo lwempande lingaphansi komhlaba. Khipha kancane umhlabathi, engeza ngaphezulu, khona phansi ngaphansi kwentamo yezimpande, uthele amanzi amaningi endaweni yokufika uma umhlaba wawomile.
Sikululeka ukuthi ufunde indlela yokukhulisa i-rhododendron eSiberia, esifundeni saseMoscow nasesifundazwe saseLeningrad
Uhlelo lwempande ye-rhododendron luthande futhi lubucayi. Kungaba ngcono uma uyimboza ngenhla nge-mulch ingadi - oqoshiwe amagatsha nomuthi wamagxolo. I-Moss nezinaliti zisasebenza ngalokhu. Thela ungqimba we-mulch okungenani u-5 cm. Hlola isikhukhula esitshaliwe, unqume ezinye zezimbali namafihlethi, ukuze yonke imifino yesitshalo ivunyelwe ukuba ingaqhakazi, kodwa ibe yimpande. Uma kungekho ndawo engenamimoya esiqhingini, futhi isihlahla sisekho, susa induku eceleni kwayo. Lapho isihlahla sithatha izimpande, ungayigcina.
Sebenzisa ku-Ornamental Horticulture
I-landscape ne-phytodesign zisebenzisa i-rhododendron ngezinga elijwayelekile lokuhlelwa kwambali. Izihlahla ezincane ezikhulayo zihle ezinhledidi ezincane, ngoba izivande ezinkulu i-maral cishe ayithengi ukuze ikhule. Amaqembu alawa mahlathi ahlwanyelwe emigwaqeni, enza ama-alleys aphansi aphansi. Abaqambi baxuba izinhlobo ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene zezimbali ukuze ingadi izoqhakaza kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla. Enkabeni yezingoma eziphezulu ezihlahleni zitshalwe, eduze komngcele - ezansi ukuze zenze umphumela wokuhlaselwa.
I-rhododendron yaseLedebour ibonakala iyamangalisa ngokumelene nesizinda semithi ye-coniferous - ayikho incazelo ezokwanela. Kubalulekile kuphela ukubona. Ngezinga elingezansi lezinhlobonhlobo zithatha isithombo sokusanhlamvu nesitshalo esingapheli. I-Maral itshalwe ngokuhlukile kwezinye izakhi zensimu - imibhede yemifula nemithombo, ukuze zingaphazamisani ukunakwa komunye nomunye. Ukufika okudumile eduze kwebhula noma ithala emhlabathini. Ama-slide ama-alpine athatha izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela, kodwa njalo utshalwe ngamaqembu.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuvamile, i-rhododendron ithinta izifo ze-fungal zemvelo. Okubi kunawo wonke yi-chlorosis nokugqwala. Ukuze uvimbele isitshalo ekufeni, uyifake nge-sulphate yethusi bese ufaka i-chelate yensimbi emanzini ongaziwa ngawo.
Amathiphu Okunakekela
I-Ledum ayizithobeki, into esemqoka kuye yindawo ekhethiwe kahle. Izinqubo zokunakekela zenziwa ngendlela ejwayelekile: ukuchelela, ukuphalaza, ukusika izihlumela ezifile kanye namaqabunga, ukukhulula inhlabathi nokudla njengoba kudingeka.
Ukunisela
Amanzi i-rosemary adinga amanzi amaningi alula kanye namanzi kuphela. Ungakwazi ukuqoqa amanzi emvula, ungakwazi ukuwaqoqa ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi ume nge-handful of peat ukwandisa ama-acidity. Uma ukwandisa kakhulu ukuchelela, ngcono isihlahla sizoqhakaza ngonyaka ozayo. Ungagqugquzeli isitshalo, qinisekisa ukuthi izimpande azenzi ama-puddles. Isidingo sokunisela i-rhododendron sinqunywa amaqabunga - sibuna lapho kuntuleka kobumswakama. Ngokushisa okuqinile, isihlahla sizosindiswa ngokufiphala njalo kusuka esitsheni se-spray nesithunzi esengeziwe.
Weeding
Ukhula lwaluqeda uhlelo lwempande ye-rosemary yasendle ngokususa izakhi ezisemhlabathini. Kunezihlahla ezilinywayo ezilwa nokhula, kodwa ziyabiza, futhi aziwa ukuthi lezi zihlahla zizobhekana kanjani nazo. Ngakho-ke, isixazululo esingcono kakhulu singaba yisisindo se-manual. Uma ngezikhathi ezithile ukhulula inhlabathi ngomunwe, ukhula olungakaze lukhule luzowela ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukubhubhisa ukhula olumile. Into eyinhloko - ungayifuni isimiso sempande se-rosemary yasendle. Ingqimba elinyene le-mulch yisilinganiso esihle sokuvimbela. Ungakhohlwa ukuphuza isikhunta somquba, njengoba umswakama udlula kancane kancane emagqumeni nasezinsikeni.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ama-Rhododendrons adinga ukondla okwanele ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngisho nasentwasahlobo lapho batshalwa khona. Okuhle kakhulu ukugqoka uketshezi lwenyama kanye nesidlo sefu noma umquba wenkomo. Imfucumfucu yabantu kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo ngeke ziyenze - zifaka ukungcolisa umhlaba kuphela. Ukutshala isihlahla ngesikhathi sikhula amahlumela amancane, bese sidinga ukondla okwanele kakhulu. Gcwalisa umquba noma ufulawa ngamanzi athambile ku-1:15 bese ungenisa.
Uyazi? Ngo-401 BC. i-er Ibutho lamaGreki laphindela emuva empini namaPheresiya ngaphesheya kweCaucasus, emaphethelweni e-rhododendrons. Njengoba behamba ngendlela ende futhi empini engaphumelelanga, abahambi bavele bekhubeka emadwaleni ama-hives amakhulu kakhulu agcwele ama-honeycombs. Bahlambalaza ngesinkwa esingakaze senziwe kodwa, lapho sebeqhekekile, bahlaselwa yizindlovu ezimbi. Ibutho lakwazi ukuqhubeka uhambo lwayo kuphela ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Inyosi abayidla yaba yinju ebomvu eqoqwe kusuka kuma-rhododendrons e-Pontic-grade, impova equkethe i-toxin ekhethekile ye-hallucinogenic.
Sebenzisa ama-fertilizer ngamaminerali ngokucophelela, athinte ibhalansi ye-acid-base yenhlabathi. I-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-sulphate ye-potassium-isisombululo esihle kakhulu sokudla. Enye i-superphosphate izokwenza. Ukulinganisa okuncane kunazo zonke kuthathwa: kuze kufike ku-40 g ngayinye imitha engama-1. m isakhiwo ngaphambi kokusila kanye no-20 g - emva.
Ukudubula
Ukwenza izihlahla ezihlumelayo akuvamile ukuthi zisetshenziswe - isihlahla sigcina isimo esifanele ngokwayo. Ukudubula kungalawula ukuphakama kokukhula futhi ubuyekeze izihlahla zakudala. Sika isidumbu esilufile nesomisiwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba isihlahla sivuke. Uma amagatsha asekhulile kunama-2 cm, ukusika kufanele kubekwe nge-varion ukuze ama-spring ashicilelwe. Amaqabunga aphelile anqanyulwa ngokushesha, ukuze amaqabunga ehlathi asungule amaqabunga amasha.
Ebusika
Ephakathi nasemajukwini aseningizimu, umuthi we-maral uhamba kahle ngaphandle kokukhosela - amaqhwa amakhulu angalimaza kuphela izimbali eziqhakazayo. Abalimi bezandla ezikhungweni ezibandayo badinga ukunakekela izihlahla zabo. Ngokuvamile, i-maral ihlanganiswe ngesikhwama noma enye indwangu ebomvu ebusika, ngaphambili ibeka amagatsha e-spruce namagatsha okuthiwa i-pine spruce ukuze kube nokushisa okushisayo phakathi kwamahlumela esihlahla. Indwangu idonswa phezulu ngenhla ngezintambo - hhayi eziqinile, kodwa ukuze isihlahla sihlale sisenqwaba. Ungagudluli maralnik kuze kube entwasahlobo, susa i-burlap kuphela lapho kuqala izinsuku zokushisa zokuqala lapho iqhwa liqala ukuqubuka.
Izici zokuzala
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokukhiqizwa kwe-rhododendron - cuttings, imbewu kanye nokubeka. Ukusakazwa kwembewu kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ihlala njalo. Izihlahla eziphelile zikhula kancane futhi zikhule zizinzile ngokunakekelwa okungalungile. Ukusika - indlela ayilula kakhulu, kodwa isilungile nakakhulu: amahlumela akhulile kusuka ku-cuttings akhule ngokugcwele, kokubili ngobukhulu nakwe-inflorescences.
Kubalulekile! Izithombo ze-rhododendron zidinga ukukhula kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya ngonyaka, futhi ziyaqhakaza ngonyaka wesithupha noma wesishiyagalolunye ngemuva kokufika emhlabathini. Kuyoba lula kakhulu futhi ngokushesha ukuthenga isilwane esilungile noma usakaze isitshalo ngenye indlela.
Ukubeka
Indlela esheshayo futhi enokwethenjelwa kakhulu yokusakaza i-rhododendron ukuthatha ukuphunyuka okuncane, okuqinile kuyo. Amahlumela amaningi owathatha entwasahlobo, izihlahla ezintsha ozothola ekupheleni kwenkathi. Okokuqala kudingeka uqaphele amahlumela aqinile, nezimo eziguquguqukayo bese umba imvula eduze nabo ngokujulile okungenani ngu-15 cm. Khona-ke udinga ukugoba lawa mahlumela bese uwanamathisela phakathi naphakathi. Phezulu kwendawo okunamathiselwe kuyo udinga ukuthulula inhlabathi ehlanganiswe ne-peat, futhi eduze nokushayela isikhonkwane. Le ngulube izokusekela amahlumela amancane, ahlanganiswe ngokuqondile futhi anamathiselwe ekusekeleni.
Ngesikhathi zombili izikhathi zezimbali futhi phakathi kwazo kuyadingeka ukuphuza kokubili isihlahla esikhulu kanye nendawo yokunamathisela kwehlumela emhlabathini. Amanzi kanye ne-peat kuzogqugquzela ukuvela kwesimiso esiphambanweni nokudubula kwayo. Kuwe, uzokwazi ukuhlukanisa amahlumela amancane ehlathini lomama nge-secator bese uwutsha endaweni entsha. Le ndlela ikulungele ukulula kwayo kanye nephesenti eliphezulu yokuqothula amahlumela amancane.
Cuttings
Ukuze ukuhlanganiswa kuphumelele, i-rhododendron izodinga ukunakekelwa isikhathi eside. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kudingeka ukhethe amagatsha aqinile, aqala ukumbozwa amagxolo aqinile. Khona-ke badinga ukunqunyulwa kwe-cuttings, isikhathi eside ngasinye esingama-5-7 cm, futhi usuku lokukhuthazelela izigaba ekugqugquzelweni kwezimpande. Lapho uhlelo lwempande luqala ukwakha ku-cuttings, kuzodingeka ludluliselwe ebhokisini elinenhlanganisela ye-peat-sand (isilinganiso esingu-3: 1) ngaphansi kwekhava le-polyethylene. Kulezi zitshalo zokushisa ezenziwe ngezitshalo kumele ziqede.
Uyazi? Isihlahla sezitshalo saseBrithani uGeorge Forest sokutholakala kwezinhlobo ezintsha ze-rhododendron siye sabhekana nokuvivinywa okungajwayelekile ehlobo lika-1905. Ngenhlanhla, wayeyi-central of the conflict phakathi kwabapristi baseTibet kanye nezithunywa zevangeli zaseBrithani. Lapho engozini yokubulawa, ihlathi lazulazula ama-Himalaya emasontweni amaningana, lalahlekelwa abantu kusukela ekuhambeni kuze kube yilapho omunye eshiywe yodwa. Wakwazi ukuwela edolobheni elinabantu abanobungane, owamyisa ngaphesheya futhi wabonisa indlela. Leli hambo lahluleka, kodwa kuyo yonke iminyaka eyalandela yokuphila kwayo, iHlathi evuliwe ngokuhamba okuyisikhombisa ngaphezulu futhi yambulela umhlaba ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezingamakhulu amathathu zalezi zitshalo ezimangalisayo.
I-maral evergreen isetshenziselwa umhlabathi omude kunokudlula izinyanga ezine nezinyanga, ngokulandelana. Okulandelayo kuza isigaba sokukhulisa, lapho amahlumela afakwa khona emabhokisini ahlukene nge-peat kanye nezinaliti (isilinganiso se-2: 1). Kuwo, i-maral ibhekene nobusika, futhi ekuqaleni kwenkathi itshalwe ngqo enhlabathini ngebhokisi ukuze uhlelo lwempande lungonakaliswe. Lapho ujwayele izimo ezintsha, ebusika uyabuyiselwa emagcekeni, futhi ngonyaka wesithathu ufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
Njengoba ubona, i-rhododendron kaLedebour iyisitshalo esingenasisekelo. Nakuba enhle. Ikhono lakhe elimangalisayo lokuqhakaza kabili inkathi likhokhela yonke imizamo esetshenziswe kuyo. I-Rhododendron ibukeka kahle kakhulu emagqumeni ase-Alpine, futhi eduze nendawo yokunethezeka ehlelekile. Naphezu komusa wakhe, ubekezelela ama-frosts aqinile futhi unike kalula amahlumela ukuxhunyezwa nokusika. Khumbula imithetho yokunakekela i-rhododendron kanye nezici zayo zokukhiqiza. Njengoba usithengile amahlumela amancane ezincane, uzokwazi ukwandisa esakhiweni sakho iminyaka eminingana futhi wenze lesi sihlahla esithakazelisayo isihloko sokuziqhenya nokujabula kwakho.
