Yini edingekayo nokuthi ungakha kanjani ama-omshanik wezinyosi

Ebusuku obusika sekuyisikhathi sokukhathazeka nge-apiary. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngendlela yokwakha ama-omshanik ngezinyosi ngezandla zakho, sibone ukuthi ungadlulisela kanjani izinambuzane ukuze ubusika, futhi uthole ukuthi kungcono nini ukuqala ukulungiselela amakhaza.

Kuyini lokhu?

Abafuyi bezinyosi abanolwazi bazi kahle ukuthi yi-Omshanik - isakhiwo esikhethekile sezinyosi zasebusika, ngolimi olulula - i-winterer yezinyosi. Kusukela ohlangothini oluthile kungenzeka lubukeke luhluke, ngoba kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zalo, ngokuvamile lubukeka sengathi luyi-dugout, lapho imindeni yezinyosi itholakala khona. Izindlu zasebusika zakhiwa ngokuyinhloko ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, ngoba ubusika emoyeni ovulekile buba nomphumela omubi ezinyosi zezinyosi.

Funda ukuthi ungenza kanjani isidleke sakho (Dadana, Varre, multicase, alpine, nucleus), u-honey extractor, i-wax furnace, i-apilift yezinyosi, i-slot kanye negumbi lokushisa emngceleni.

Lezi zakhiwo zingatholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo, kepha lapho zidingekile ngenxa yezinguquko ezisheshayo ekushiseni. Uma ungenalo ithuba lokwakha indlu yasebusika noma indawo ohlala kuyo isendaweni yomoya wezulu, ungacabangela ukhetho lwezinyosi ebusika enqolobaneni.

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa

Izinyosi zasebusika ku-omshanik zinamaphuzu amaningi amahle. Noma iziphi izidalwa eziphilayo ezingabambeki izidakamizwa zidinga izinsiza ezingaphezulu zokusinda. Izinyosi azifani: ngebusika evulekile badla uju oluningi futhi balahlekelwe kakhulu. Kungcono ukuthi balinde ubusika ku-omshanik. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zendawo ebusika izinyosi:

1. Ukuvikelwa okuqondile kwezinambuzane ezivela emoyeni, ezibandayo nezinguquko zokushisa.
2. Izinambuzane ebusika zidinga ubuncani obungaphansi kokuphila.
3. Ukuphila kwemifantu kuzodla kakhulu, ngoba nje ukubola, okungabangela ushintsho esimweni sezulu.
4. Izinyosi zivikelwe ekucindezelekeni okungadingekile, kukhishwe ngomsindo.
5. Yakha indawo yasebusika yezinyosi, ungakwenza ngokwakho.
6. Kodwa ungazitholi ngokushesha ezakhiweni zokwakha, uma unezinyosi ezisenyakatho, zingasebenzisa ubusika ngaphandle. I-Omshanik idinga kakhulu izinhlobo ezifana neCarpathian, grey Caucasian, bee yellow and steppe Ukrainian bee.

Uyazi? Inyosi esebenzayo ingaphila kuze kube yizinsuku ezingamashumi amane.

Izidingo eziyisisekelo zokwakhiwa

Ukuqala ukwakhiwa kwe-omshanik, udinga ukunquma endaweni. Ukushisa kungcono kakhulu esihlabathini. Cabanga ukuthi leyo ndawo kufanele ibe mkhulu kakhulu, ngoba ukuze i-omshanik ibe nokushisa okuhle ebusika (kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-3 °), kufanele ihlale emashumini angaba ngu-100. Kumele ulalele nokujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Lokhu kuzoba yisinye sezici ezibalulekile zokukhetha uhlobo lokubusika.

Khona-ke udinga ukubala usayizi we-omshanik. Kulokhu udinga ukwazi okulandelayo:

• inombolo enkulu yemindeni ezoba khona;
• imingcele yemifantu kanye nesakhiwo sabo.

Ukwazi ubukhulu bezinyosi, imigqa kanye namavesi phakathi kwabo, singakwazi ukubala ububanzi besakhiwo. Ukuze ubale ubude be-omshan, inani lezinyosi kumele lihlukaniswe ngenani lezingxenye ezintathu, futhi inani eliphumela kulo lihlukaniswe inani lezinhlu. Umthamo uzoxhomeka kohlobo lwezinyosi zakho: emndenini wezinyosi ezingu-1, ngomculi owodwa-udonga, ama-cubic amamitha ayi-0.5 adingekayo, nangokwama-cubic amamitha ayi-0.9. m

I-winterers yezintambo izodinga ukufudumala. Ubuso be-lateral wesakhiwo kufanele bubheke eningizimu nasenyakatho. Izansi kufanele zenziwe okungenani okungama-20 cm ubukhulu. I-ventilation kufanele ikhiwe ngamabhodi, igoqa egumbini elingaphandle nelingaphandle kufanele lifudumale, kungcono futhi ukwenza uhlelo olulungiswayo.

Izinhlobo ezidumile

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-Omshanik: ngenhla, ngaphezulu komhlaba naphansi komhlaba. Ukuze ukhethe uhlobo olufanele lokubusika, udinga ukugxila kwisimo sezulu, umswakama nokujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

Uyazi? Ukuze wenze i-kilogram eyodwa yoju, izinyosi zidinga ukuvotela izimbali eziyisishiyagalombili zezimbali.

Ngaphansi komhlaba

Zibhekwa njengendlela engcono kakhulu yezakhiwo zezinyosi zasebusika. I-Omshanik itholakala ngaphansi komhlaba, futhi ukushaya kwayo kuphansi. Iyaziwa ukuthi iyona engcono kakhulu ngoba igcina izinga lokushisa ngekhwalithi. Ungakha i-omshanik yomhlaba, uma ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kusuka kumamitha ayi-3.5.

Ekwindla, ebusika nasentwasahlobo, izinyosi zidinga ukondliwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, abafuyi bezinyosi benza i-candy noma uju.

Okuphansi

Kukholelwa ukuthi kuhle ukukwakha i-omshanik enjalo lapho kungenakwenzeka ukujula ngokuphelele isakhiwo, futhi isimo sezulu asivumeli ukuba sakhiwe ngaphezu komhlaba. Ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele avela ku-2.5 m. Kulesi simo, izindonga ze-wintry zingabhalwa ngokuya ku-1.5 m.

Ground

Zakhiwe esimweni sezulu esincane noma lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ephansi okungaphansi kuka-1 m. Lapho ukwakhiwa, udinga ukunakekelwa kokushisa okuhle okushisa ukuze ugweme ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.

Indlela yokwakha i-winte

Ukuze wakhe i-omshanik enhle, udinga ukuphatha amathuluzi ngendlela eyamukelekayo. Cabanga kahle ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezidingekayo ekwakhiweni kwenqola.

Izinto ezidingekayo namathuluzi

Ukwakhiwa kwe-winterer kuzodinga:

• amabhodi ahlanganisiwe;
• i-saman;
• i-limestone;
• ama-slabs womhlanga kanye nezitini.

Kubalulekile! Ungakha omshanik yamabhuloki we-samente. Abanayo ukuthungwa okuhle okushisa.

Uzodinga futhi: umkhumbi, amafosholo, i-mixer yekhonkri, iveli, isando, izipikili, i-foam elula noma ubumba, i-circular saw noma i-chisel. Uma unezinto ezidingekayo zokwakha namathuluzi, ungaqala.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-Omshan

Sizokutshela indlela yokwakhiwa ngokusebenzisa isibonelo se-omshanik engaphansi komhlaba, ngoba iyona ewusizo kakhulu futhi evamile:

• Okokuqala udinga ukumba umgodi lapho omshanik yethu izokwakhiwa khona. Kule nqubo, uzosizwa umkhumbi kanye neloli yokuthunyelwa kwezwe. Kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukubhekana nefosholo, njengoba kufanele ubambe kumamitha angu-2.5-3.

• Uma umgodi usulungile, udinga ukwenza ukulungiswa kwezindonga kanye nomgogodla phansi bese usho ngokushesha isiteji esizayo.
• Khona-ke udinga ukwakha ifomu lesisekelo. Yenziwe ngamabhodi.
• Ukuthutha ukhonkolo emakhakheni, ukuqina nokuqina, ungangeza amatshe amakhulu nama-cobblestones.
• Ngemuva kokuba ukhonkolo usomile, faka ukubeka izindonga. Ukuthenga izitini ezintsha kulolu hlobo akukona ukonga, kungcono ukuthatha izinto zakudala. Uma ubukhulu bodonga luyingxenye yesitini, kungcono ukuqinisa isakhiwo ngendonga yensimbi yensimbi.

• Ukuze izindonga zingapheli, kuyadingeka ukuba unqamule i-void yangaphandle emigqeni emisha ngezingqimba zobumba.
• Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi, zibandakanya ezindongeni zensimbi. Ukuze wenze lokhu uzodinga amapayipi zensimbi nama-railing e-plailing esiteshini. Ukubopha kufanele kwenziwe kanje: ukushayela amapayipi amane eceleni kwezindonga, amapayipi kufanele abe ngodonga obukhulu, bese uhambisa amapayipi ngamapulangwe avela esiteshini ngababili.
• Khona-ke kufika isikhathi sesigaba esinzima - ukukhishwa kwamathayili. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale, ukwakha amafomu ezisekelweni zamapulangwe bese weld amashidi wocingo ozobe ubeka kuzo okhoneni oluhlaza lwe-slabs esizayo.
• Hlanganisa ukhonkolo bese uwuthululela emakhakheni ahlanganiswe ne-cellophane. Ngokhonkolo oqinisiwe, faka ukubopha okuqinisiwe emigqeni emibili, bayoba skeleton ethembekile ye-slabs.
• Ngemuva kokuthi amapulethi akho ayomile, udinga ukunakekelwa kokushisa okushisayo. Beka ungqimba wokuzifaka phezu kwazo, bese umboza phezulu ngokuphahlazeka ukuzwa ukuze amanzi angabhubhisi ukhonkolo, futhi ukugxila kuhlale kumile.

• Ngemuva kwezinyathelo, qala ukukhuphuka.

Kubalulekile! Indawo ye-hood kufanele ibalwe kusukela kwinani lemindeni. Ububanzi obwanele buzophazamisa izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-omshanik.

Dlulisa isidleke

Embuzweni wokuthi uma kungcono ukuletha izinyosi zibe ngempumelelo, kunezinhlobo ezithile ze-nuances. Kubalulekile ukukhetha umzuzu ofanele wokudluliselwa nokugcina imithetho ebalulekile.

Isikhathi

Ungasheshi. Ukuze uthole izinyosi ezinhle zasebusika kufanele zilungiselelwe. Banike ithuba lokwenza izindiza zokuhlanza zokugcina, ukuze bakwazi ukuqeda izixuku ezingaphezu kwamathambo emathunjini.

Linda kuze kufike ukushisa kwangaphandle kuhlale ku-0 ... +3 ° C, lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze izinyosi zingakhathazeki mayelana nokuhluka kwezinga lokushisa uma kuzidlulisela ku-wintery. Kukholelwa ukuthi isikhathi esihle sokudlulisela izinyosi ku-omshanik kuqale kukaNovemba ezindaweni zaseSiberia nasekupheleni kukaNovemba ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu.

Imikhiqizo yezinyosi ebaluleke kunazo zonke, uju uhlukile ngezakhiwo zayo, kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezavunwa kuzo. Funda mayelana nezinzuzo ze-lime, i-buckwheat, ithanga, i-phacelia, i-chestnut, i-acacia, i-espartsetovogo, i-rapeseed, i-honey coriander.

Imithetho

Lapho kudluliselwa izinyosi zezinyosi, ngaphezu kokugqamile kokugcina, Kubalulekile ukulandela le mithetho:

1. Khetha usuku olomile. Ngeke ukwazi ukungena emagcekeni ama-hive eluhlaza. Lesi silinganiso esilula sizosiza ukugwema ukubukeka kwefungus.
2. Qaphela ukudlulisa lonke lezinyosi izinsuku ezingu-1-2. Bother izinyosi kancane ngangokunokwenzeka.
3. Uma ubeka izinyosi emagqabeni, faka imindeni eqinile emashalofini aphansi, kanti obuthakathaka phezulu, kuyashisa lapho. Emva kokuba izinyosi ziye zancipha, ungavula i-yole ephansi nangaphezulu.
4. Ukukhanya kwelanga akufanele kungene ku-omshanik. Izibani ezibomvu zisetshenziselwa ukulandelela ukufundwa kwenzwa.
5. Ungaphazanyisi izinyosi ngokuvakashelwa njalo ekuqaleni kwasebusika. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ungakwazi ukwandisa inani lokuvakashelwa, ngoba emindenini inzalo ibonakala futhi uju ukusetshenziswa kwanda. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukuqinisa ukungenisa umoya, ngakho-ke akukho carbon dioxide engaphezu kweqile.
6. Uma ubusika esifundeni sakho bubuhlungu, yiba nesiqiniseko sokufudumala ama-hive ngemisamo.

Kubalulekile! Ukuqapha isimo sezulu, kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-thermometers amabili ne-hygrometer eyodwa. Lawa madivaysi azosiza ukugcina izakhiwo zibe zikhululekile kakhulu kohlaka lwezinyosi.

Ngakho-ke, usebenzisa amathiphu ekwakheni omshanik futhi ulandela imithetho yokudlulisa izinyosi ukuze ubusika, uzokwenza amaholide abo ebusika ukhululekile futhi uphephile, ubasize bathole amandla ngaphambi kwenkathi entsha. Futhi akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokuphepha kwezinyosi koloni.