Wonke umnikazi ufuna ukuthola ezihlukahlukene zamapheya, okungeke kube lula ukuzinakekela, kodwa futhi akwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo enambitheka kakhulu. Nakuba izinhlobo eziningi ze-pear zinezivuno ezinhle, zikhiqiza imikhiqizo engafanele kahle.
Namuhla sizoxoxa ngokuhlukahluka okuhle kakhulu kwesitshalo esivamile - ikhasi elithi "Larinska", futhi sizobe sinikeza incazelo egcwele yezinhlobonhlobo, ake sibhekane nokukhetha kokutshala impahla nokunakekelwa komuthi.
Umlando wokuzala
I-Autumn Pear varieties yavulwa eSouth Ural Scientific Research Institute yokuHlanganisa nokuPula. Izinto zokwakhiwa kwe "Larinskaya" zaziyi izinhlobo ezidumile: "Izintandokazi zeClapp" ne "Ussuriyskaya". 
Kubhalwe kuRejista Yombuso njengezinhlobonhlobo eziphakanyisiwe zokutshala esifundeni se-Urals.
Uyazi? Isithelo sePear siqinisa amazinyo okugcoba amazinyo, njengoba aqukethe ama-calcium namakhemikhali e-phosphorus.
Incazelo kanye nezici ezihlukile ezihlukahlukene
Okulandelayo, ake sikhulume ngezici eziyinhloko ezingxenyeni zensiza nezithelo.
Izinkuni
Ingxenye ephakanyisiwe inokuphakama okumangalisayo - kuze kufike Amamitha angu-6. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-pear ikhula masinyane, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokuhluma isihlahla sizoba nobukhulu obukhulu. Umqhele unesisindo esijwayelekile, kanti amagatsha enza umqhele ongafanelanga, njengoba ugobile ngezindlela ezahlukene. Umgqomo unesimo se-cylinder, kaningi-okuqondile, okungajwayelekile kakhulu ungabona ukuqhuma. Amacwecwe amashidi akhulu kakhulu, abe nomumo ohlangene. Umbala wombala.
Kubalulekile! I-pubescence ye-Leaf ayikho.
Izithelo
Amapheya ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okukhishwayo abhalwe ngombala obala obala. Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, bathola umbala ophuzi okhanyayo, okukhona kuwo amachashazi amnyama amnyama. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezinto eziphilayo, izithelo zimibala ngombala ophuzi okhanyayo. 
Izithelo izisindo zihluka phakathi 100-180 g, kuye ngokuthi izinga lomhlabathi nenani lokugqoka. Amapheya aphakathi nosayizi obuphakathi, futhi ngesimo afana nebhola, okuyinto encane eduze nesiqu.
Lezi zilwane ezihlukahlukene zibizwa ngokuthi i-dessert, ngoba izithelo zinezimila ezinomsoco ezinomsoco, onamafutha amancane. Amapheya aqukethe amaphesenti amakhulu ashukela (9.7), ngakho-ke angcono kakhulu noma atholakala ngesisekelo sezithelo zamawayini ahlukahlukene.
Ukuvunwa okujwayelekile komuthi owodwa omdala - 40-50 kg. Imikhiqizo ihlwanyelwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Umuthi uveza izithelo ngonyaka, ngenxa yokuthi ungasetshenziselwa ukuhweba (ukunikezwa kwezithelo emakethe).
Izithelo zigcina impahla yazo cishe izinyanga ezimbili uma zigcinwe ezimweni ezamukelekayo.
Kubalulekile! Ukuvuna kuqala eminyakeni engama-4-5 yokuphila.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo
Okokuqala, ukuthenga noma yikuphi izithombo kungcono ku-nursery.
- Okokuqala, i-nursery inesithakazelo ekubuyekezweni okuhle, kanye nesithombe, ngakho-ke ungaqapheli ukuthengisa izinto ezimbi zokutshala.
- Okwesibili, e-nursery ngeke ususe isitifiketi se-"lime", okungase kube yipare.
- Okwesithathu, ezindaweni zokubeletha zihambisana nemithetho yokulima, ukupakisha kanye nokuthutha, ngakho-ke ithuba lokufa kwesithombo ngesikhathi sokulethwa liyanciphisa kakhulu.
- Okwesine, ama-nurseries asebenza ngokudiliva, ngakho-ke ukufakelwa kwesithakazelo ongayifisa kungenziwa ngqo ngaphansi komnyango, ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi sakho.
Yiqiniso, kuzodingeka ukhokhele kangako ukuthungatha ama-sapling kusukela ku-nursery, noma kunjalo, uma ungahlali ngosuku olulodwa, kufanele uqonde ukuthi imithi ehlukahlukene enempilo izokwenza izindleko zonyaka we-1-2.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga isithombo oyidingayo hlola ingxenye yayo yangaphakathi ne-rhizome. Uma izimpande zitholakala ku-coma yebumba, akufanelekile ukulibhubhisa, ngoba linciphisa amathuba okuthi izimpande zonakaliswe.
Hlola amagatsha nesiqu sokuba khona kwe-fungus nezinambuzane. Emahlumela akufanele kube nezindawo ezomile nomonakalo owenziwe ngomshini. Kanti futhi wonke amagatsha kumele aphile, ngoba ukutholakala kwezinkuni ezomile kuphakamisa ukuthi insimu ayikho esimweni esihle kakhulu.
Okulandelayo, siqinisekisa iminyaka ecacisiwe yesihlahla ngokubukeka kwayo. Uma uqonda ukuthi umuthi kufanele ube izikhathi ezimbili eziphakeme futhi ube nomqhele omkhulu wonyaka wawo, futhi phambi kwakho "umuthi" ongenamanzi, kufanele uyenqabe ukuthenga. 
Uma amahlamvu ekhona esihlahleni, qaphela ngokucophelela ama-leaf plate. Qhathanisa nabo nalabo aboniswe ku-pear isithombe. Uma zifana futhi azikho umonakalo emaqabunga, khona-ke isithombo singathengwa.
Kubalulekile! I-seedling akufanele ibe nenani elikhulu lamahlamvu, njengoba lokhu kubonisa okusalutho kwe-nitrogen.
Sincoma ngokuqinile ukuthi angathengi isihlahla uma izimpande zawo zihlanganiswe nge-polyethylene. Izimpande kuleyo ndawo yokukhosela aziphefumuli, futhi umswakama ukwanda, okubangela ukukhula kwefungus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awukwazi ukuthi ubuningi bugcinwe kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo. Uma i-rhizome ivulekile, kufanele ibe yizicubu ezimanzi ngamanzi ukuze ukomile kungenzeki futhi kukhona ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen.
Ukuthenga isithombo ngezimpande ezivulekile, zibheke ngokucophelela. Uma kunezinhlamba ezingavamile, izicubu noma umonakalo owenziwe ngomshini - wenqaba ukuthenga. Futhi, ungathengi impahla yokutshala, enomthamo omncane kakhulu wesistimu.
Zijwayele ngokuziqhenya ngokutshala nokuzinakekela izinhlobo zezinyoni eziphakathi kwamapayipi: "I-Krasnobakaya", "i-Century", i- "Bryansk Beauty", "i-Belarusian Late", i- "Thumbelina", i- "Rossoshanskaya dessert", "Ububele", "U-Honey", i- "Hera", " Petrovskaya "," Krasulya "," Inkumbulo kaZhegalov "," Izingane ".
Ukukhetha indawo efanele
Okokuqala, kungenzeka ukutshala isitshalo esincane kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kepha uma kubanda kakhulu esifundeni sakho, kungcono ukutshala entwasahlobo, unikeze isihlahla isikhathi esiningi sokungenelela. 
Umuthi omdala unomqhele osabalalisa futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, awuthandi umakhelwane, ngakho-ke sizohlwanyela ipeari endaweni evulekile, evutha kakhulu yimisebe yelanga. Kulesi simo, indawo ekhethiwe kumele iqhutshwe umoya, ukuze i-pear ingabi nezifo ezifungayo.
Ngokuqondene nokuphakama kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu esihlahleni, kodwa akusifisi ukutshala imbewu endaweni lapho ukuphakama kwabo kungaphansi kwe-2 m. Futhi ushiye izindawo eziphansi, njengoba zizoqoqa njalo inani elikhulu lomswakama.
Kubalulekile! Uma utshalwa, qaphela ukuthi amapheya adinga impova, indima yimihlobo efanelekayo "Fairytale" no "Severyanka."
Ngokuqondene ne-substrate, kufanele itshalwe enhlabathini emincane. Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuthatha inhlabathi evundile, qinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi okungenani ayigcini umswakama, ngaphandle kwalokho isihlahla sizobola.
Ukulungiselela isayithi
Isayithi kumele lihlanjululwe izitshalo zokuhlala nezitshalo. Okulandelayo kufanele ususe wonke ukhula. Hlola ukuthi isithunzi sezitshalo ezizungezile siwela endaweni elungiselelwe; uma yebo yebo, bese uguqula amagatsha ukuze indawo ikwazi ukukhanyiswa ilanga. 
Okulandelayo, simba isikwele esincane ku-bayonet ye-spade, okuzoba yimbuthano ezungeze isiqu, bese ufika emgodini wokufika.
Phuma kangcono bamba izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala, ukuqeda izifo nezifo ezinambuzane ezazisemhlabathini. Umgodi kufanele ube nokujula kokungenani okungu-1 m nobubanzi obungaba ngu-80 cm.
Inhlabathi engaphezulu kwezingu-30 kufanele ihlukaniswe futhi ilandwe kwisitsha esihlukile, kanti okuphansi kufanele kususwe kwenye indawo. Okulandelayo, phuma phansi emanzini okugoba, angaboniswa ngodaka olunwetshiwe, amatshe amancane namatshe amancane. Into esemqoka - impahla yokukhipha amanzi akufanele ibe mkhulu kakhulu.
Emva kwalokho ukupheka inhlanganisela yenhlabathi. Sithatha inhlabathi ebekiwe bese siyixuba ngamalitha ayi-10 ama-humus (sithatha ibhakede), ingilazi ye-superphosphate (ingilazi ye-300 ml), ½ inkomishi ye-potashi kanye neyodwa ilitha imbiza yokhuni. Zonke izithako kufanele zixutshwe kahle ukuze i-rhizome ye-seedling ingangeni ekuhlanganyeleni nezithasiselo.
Funda futhi mayelana nokuzikhethela kwamapheya ekhulayo ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene: "Rogneda", "Otradnenskaya", "Avgustovskaya dew", "Kokinskaya", "Elena", "Marble", "Nika", "Veles", "Lada", "Lyubimitsa Yakovleva" , "I-Muscovite", "i-Cathedral".
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokutshala izithombo
Ngaphambi kokutshala, isikhukhula esincane sithululwa esiphakathi emgodini, emva kwalokho isikhungo se-rhizome sibeke kuso. Ngokulandelayo, izimpande ziqondisa, ngaleyo ndlela zandisa indawo yokulonda. 
Kubalulekile ukugcwalisa imbobo kancane kancane, ukudubula kancane emva "kwesabelo" esilandelayo somxube wenhlabathi. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kukhishwe ama-airbags okuvimbela izimpande ukuba zingaxhumani nenhlabathi.
Ngemuva kokuthungula, kudingeka ubone lapho intamo impande. Kufanele itholakale 3-5 cm ngaphezu kwe-substratengaphandle kwalokho intamo izobola.
Ekupheleni kokufika, ngeke kube yinto engafanele ukwakha isiyingi esiseduzane, ukuthulula inhlabathi engaphansi, esithatha kusukela phansi emgodini, ngesimo sesiyingi "ucingo oluncane" ukuze amanzi athululelwe ngaphansi kwempande awasakazeki. Okulandelayo, uthele ama-20 amalitha amanzi ngaphansi komsuka ukuze uhlanganise zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo zenhlabathi.
Ngemuva kokutshala, kufanele uqhube umgodla wokulungisa eduze nensimu, engayikuyivumela ukuba iguqe.
Izici zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Xoxa ngamaphuzu aphambili wokunakekela i-varietal pear. Futhi cabanga ngezimo zomkhiqizo ophakeme nokukhula okusheshayo.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Ukuze uthole umuthi omncane umswakama wenhlabathi kubalulekileNgakho-ke, eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala kuyadingeka ukuphuza i-pear njalo, ukuze inhlabathi ingabe iyomile. Umuthi omdala unomthelela omuhle kwesomiso, ngakho-ke udinga ukuphuza kuphela ezinsukwini ezishisayo ikakhulukazi lapho umhlabathi uphela futhi uqhekekile. 
Ukukhipha ukhula ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa kubalulekile ekuqaleni kwesigaba, lapho uhlelo lwempande lomuthi lungathuthuki futhi luhlushwa ubukhona bokhula. Uma i-pear ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-2-3, ukusikwa kwe-weeding akudingekile, ngoba ngisho nokhula olukhulu alukwazi ukuthatha izakhi ezivela kudoti.
Kodwa-ke, uma ungayikuthungatha inhlabathi, kusadingeka ukuthi uphelele izikhathi eziningana phakathi nenkathi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa ukugqoka.
Ukuze ukhulule inhlabathi kufanele kube ekuseni nakusihlwa, lapho kushisa kakhulu ngaphandle kwenhlabathi futhi ihlanganiswe ne-crust engangeni. Uma isisindo sivulekile, ukukhululeka akudingeki.
I-mulch iyakusiza ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini futhi iqede ukhula olungamane lukhule. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-mulch ivikela nokushintsha okungazelelwe kokushisa futhi isebenza njengento enhle yokuhlobisa uma i-sawdust noma enye into ekhanyayo isetshenziswa.
Ukufeza i-mulching noma cha - ikakhulukazi okukhethile, kodwa kudingekile ukuqonda ukuthi le mulch ihlinzeka kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwesitshalo ekuqaleni kwesigaba. 
Uyazi? Njengoba i-pear kanye ne-rose iyingxenye ye-oda yama-Rosaceae, ingabhekwa ngokuthi "odade", nakuba i-rose i-shrub kanti i-pear iyisihlahla.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Njengoba utshale inani elanele lezinto eziphilayo kanye namanzi amaminerali emgodini, akukho umanyolo odingekayo eminyakeni emibili yokuqala. Kodwa-ke, kwenzeke ukuthi i-pear iba "inamandla" futhi ixosha zonke izakhi ezisuka enhlabathini, okudala ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kokuvimbela, okubonakala kakhulu. Kulokhu, udinga ukwenza umquba owengeziwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ukukhula kuzoyeka ngokuphelele.
Njengoba imbande yethu ingafinyelelanga iminyaka ye-fruiting, ayidingi inani elikhulu le-phosphorus. Ungakwenza ngokwenza ama-humus (ibhakede elilodwa ngamalitha angu-10) kanye namanyolo we-nitrogen-potassium. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukuthatha ukwakheka okungeke kube khona inani elikhulu kakhulu le-nitrogen, ngaphandle kwalokho amahlumela azoqala ukudonsa ngokuqinile nokukhubazeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, emva kokuqala komzuzu we-fruiting, entwasahlobo kuyadingeka ukondla leli peyari ngamanyolo we-nitrogen-potassium, futhi ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwezithelo - i-phosphorus.
Ukuphalaza okuvimbelayo
Kungcono ukuletha isiteleka esilungele ukwedlula ukwelapha isifo esinqatshiwe, ngakho-ke unyaka owodwa emva kokutshala, njalo entwasahlobo, uphefa isihlahla ngokubunjwa kwezakhi zokulandelela ezizokwandisa izifo, kanye nesisombululo se-10% se-urea. I-Urea izokwandisa igciwane lesandulela ngculazi kakade futhi liyesabe ama-bacterium nama-fungi.
Ungasebenzisa futhi izidakamizwa ezilandelayo, ezakhiwa zonke izakhi zokulandelela kanye nama-acid: "I-Ekolist", "Salyubor" ne "Crystal". Basiza ukuletha umuthi ukucindezeleka ngenkathi isimo sezulu esibi noma "vagaries" sezulu.
Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele
Sika isidingo sesipelingi kakade unyaka owodwa ngemuva kokufika. Ihlumela eliphakathi lifinyelelwa ku-100 cm, futhi wonke amagatsha angaphansi kwesigamu semitha asuswa. Ngakho-ke, lesi sihlahla sizokwakha umqhele omuhle ngaphandle kwamagatsha aphansi angadingekile.
Ngonyaka wesibili, wonke amahlumela ayancishiswa yi-1/3 ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihambayo ukunikeza amahlumela, nokwandisa usayizi wesistimu.
Kusukela ngonyaka wesithathu leli peyari kufanele linqunywe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwamanzi. Amagatsha ashisayo, omile anesifo ayasuswa, futhi ukulungiswa okujwayelekile komqhele kwenziwa ngokuya ngesimo oyifunayo. 
Imithetho ejwayelekile. Emva kokukhishwa kwamagatsha amakhulu ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla zokuguga, indawo yokucutshulwa kwe-saw kufanele ihlanganiswe ngamafutha okugcoba noma ubumba ukuze umuthi ungathinti amafungus noma ukutheleleka. Wonke amagatsha asuswe ukuze endaweni yawo ngeke kube khona "iziqu", njengoba lokhu kungabonakali kuphela ukubonakala, kodwa futhi kulimaza umuthi.
Ukuvikelwa emakhazeni namakhaza
Ukuze uvikele ipheya kusuka kumagundane, udinga ngemuva kwamaqabunga awela ukumboza ingxenye engezansi yesiqu i-ruberoid noma ngesi-spruce. Lezi zinto azokuvikela kuphela izilokazane, kodwa futhi zizovela ehlathini.
Njengoba umuthi omdala ungesabi ngisho namaqhwa aqinile, kwanele ukumane ugobe ingxenye engezansi ye-trunk. Amagatsha akudingeki ahlanganiswe nge-insulation noma aguqe phansi. Kodwa umuthi omncane kungcono ukumboza.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, amagatsha ahlanganiswe futhi aguqe kancane emhlabathini. Uma ubusika beqhwa, akudingekile ukumboza amahlumela, kodwa uma kungenjalo - ahlanganiswe amaqabunga e-spruce noma izinto ezivumela ukuthi umoya udlule.
Lokhu kuphetha ingxoxo nge-pear ehlukahlukene, engasetshenziswa kokubili ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu nokulimala okulodwa, nokudala ukuhlwanyela okukhulu nokuletha izimpahla emakethe. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene akukwesabi ukhilimu, isomiso noma izinambuzane, ngakho-ke kudinga kuphela ukuchelela okufika ngesikhathi, ukubunjwa komqhele nokukhulelwa. Njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, i-pollinator iyadingeka ukuze kube nokuhlukahluka, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukutshala kuphela uma kungeyona i-pear self-fruit evele ikhula kusayithi lakho.
