Lesi akusona nje kuphela isithelo esimnandi, kepha futhi nesitshalo esihle sokukhula ekhaya. Akunakujabulisa kuphela isivuno, kodwa futhi nenani lokuhlobisa. Ungakhula kanjani uphayinaphu ekhaya uzochazwa kulesi sihloko.
Ungakhula kanjani uphayinaphu ekhaya
Lesi sitshalo singabomndeni wakwaBromeliad. Kuyathengiswa izithelo kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-2 kg. Kodwa-ke, lapho kukhula emasimini, isisindo somunye wayo singafinyelela ku-5 kg.
Izimbali nezithelo
Ukuvela kwesitshalo kuncike ezimeni zokutshala kwaso. EBrazil, ukuphakama kwezinye izinhlobo zophayinaphu kungafinyelela amamitha owodwa nesigamu. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zazo ziningi ngokwengeziwe ngobukhulu.
Ngemininingwane! Amasimelo lapho lesi sitshalo sigalelwa khona zitholakala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Okukhulu kunakho konke kukhona eHawaii, Philippines, Mexico nase China.
Ngokutshala kwasekhaya, ukuphakama kwesundu akufinyeleli ngaphezulu kwesigamu semitha. Iphayinaphu inayo irosette yamaqabunga amade, lapho izithelo zikhula khona. Emndenini wakwaBromeliad, lesi kuphela isitshalo esidliwayo.
Uma uqhuba ukhula ekhaya ngokuya ngayo yonke imithetho, khona-ke awukwazi ukubona kuphela ukuqhakaza kaphayinaphu, kodwa futhi nokuthola izithelo.
Ngale njongo, kuyisiko ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo zophayinaphu:
- A. Comosus waziwa ngamaqabunga awo amancanyana amade futhi aqhakaza kahle;
- A. Comosus Variegatus uhlukaniswa ngombala weqabunga onemigqa. Zincane futhi zimfushane ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. Lesi sitshalo sibukeka sihle futhi sisetshenziselwa kabanzi ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuklama, kepha sithela izithelo ezincane;
- A. Bracteatus Striatus sikhulu. Isici salo sibonisa ukuba khona kwamaqabunga aluhlaza-ophuzi.
Nakani! Ukhula lukaphayini akulula kangako kunokutshala amajikijolo.
Ungakhula kanjani uphayinaphu ekhaya kusuka esiteji esiphezulu ngesinyathelo
Ukubamba iqhaza ekukhuliseni uphayinaphu ekhaya, kwanele ukuthola isithelo esifanele. Kuyadingeka ukuthi abe ne-rosette yamaqabunga ngaphezulu. Ngokuzayo, le apex izodinga ukunqanyulwa futhi igxilile.
Ungasiphatha kanjani uphayinaphu ekhaya
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekukhuleni ukuthola izithelo ezinhle. Lapho uhlola, udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi une-rosette ephelele yamaqabunga engxenyeni ephezulu kanye nesikhungo sayo.
Kubalulekile ukuthi lesi sithelo siphilile, uma kungenjalo, uma sesikhulile, kungavela izinkinga. Kuyadingeka ukuthi okuphezulu akuqali ukuguquka kube nsundu. Kusukela ekuphumeni, ingaphezulu kwesihlumela sembali kufanele sivele. Isitshalo siqhakaza kuphela lapho sikhona esikhathini esizayo.
Ngemuva kokuthola, isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba sukela phansi.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa kahle indawo okuphuma kuyo. Ingxenye ephezulu isikwa ukuze ishiye 2 cm we pulp. Lesi siqeshana sezithelo kumele sibhekwe. Umphumela kufanele ube isithende esincane esiyindilinga.
- Lapho-ke kuyadingeka ukusika ngokucophelela izinsalela zamapulpiti, kusale ingxenye ye-fibrous ingakatholwa. Uma ukususwa akupheli ngokusikwa kwekhwalithi engeyinhle, khona-ke izinsalela zizoqala ukubola. On the cut ungabona amachashazi amhlophe. Kufanele ziphathwe ngokunakekelwa, lezi izisiqalo ezimpande okufanele zihlale zinjalo.
- Ekuphumeni okuphekiwe, udinga ukukhipha ingxenye yamaqabunga. Lokhu kunconywe ngendlela yokuthi kucishe isigxobo esingaphansi sika-2 cm. Ukwahlukaniswa kwamaqabunga kwenziwa ngendlela yokunyakaza okwenziwa kuhlangothi lwethambo ukuya esiqwini. Ngemuva kokususa amaqabunga kwezinye izikhathi, ungabona izimpande eziqhakazile.
Okulandelayo, udinga ukwenza ukuqhuma kwezimpande. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ingxenye engezansi yesiqu esulwe amaqabunga ifakwa isigamu kuya emanzini. Ngemuva kwesonto noma amabili, izinqubo zezimpande zizoqala ukukhula ngokukhuthele kuphayinaphu.
Nakani! Ngemuva kobude bezimpande bungama-2 cm, bayasuswa emanzini bafakwe ephepheni ukuze bomile. Kuyadingeka ukulinda amahora angama-2-3 kuze kube yilapho uhlelo lomsuka selomile ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sikulungele ukutshala emhlabathini.
Isitshalo sokuhlobisa
I-Pineapple Primer
Ukuze ukhule uphayinaphu, ungathenga umhlaba esitolo esikhethekile esisetshenziselwa izihlahla zesundu noma ama-citruse. Kubalulekile ukuthi ngemuva kokutshala, inhlabathi igcina umswakama okhanyayo. Akufanele kube manzi kakhulu noma komile ngokuphelele.
Lapho uphayinaphu utshalwe emhlabathini, kubalulekile ukuthi hhayi izimpande kuphela, kepha futhi nengxenye yesiqu esihlanzwe emacembe ngaphambili.
Malini kukhula uphayinaphu
Izimbali zenziwa unyaka owodwa nohhafu noma emibili ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, kwakheka izithelo endaweni yazo. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa kwazo, lesi sitshalo siyafa, kodwa singabuye sikhule ngokusebenzisa i-rosette yamaqabunga.
Khula kanjani uphayinaphu emvelweni
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sitshalo yiNingizimu Melika. Kutholakala lapha endle. Abantu bendawo bakhulisa uphayinaphu bese bawasebenzisela ukudla.
Amaphayinaphu akhula phezu kwawo nokuthi umuthi wepayinaphu ubukeka kanjani
Iphayinaphu sihlahlava esinameva. Imbali bese kuba nesithelo engxenyeni yayo engenhla, ngaphezu kwe-rosette yamaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza. Izimpande zakheka kancane. Isiqu sifushane.
Ingaphezulu lesithelo libukeka limbozwe esikalini. Isithombo esincane sikhula emqheleni waso.
Kubalulekile! Umswakama ungabuthela emaqabungeni, isitshalo esingasisebenzisa ukukhulisa amandla aso ngezikhathi ezomile. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuya ngezimo ezikhulayo. Imvamisa kuba ku-cm kusuka ku-60 cm kuye kumitha eyodwa nesigamu.
I-rosette esitshalweni esidala yakhiwa kusuka emaqabunga angama-30 aqine. Ubude bawo buyi-20-100 cm. Emaphethelweni amaqabunga, ezinye izinhlobo zikaphayini zinameva, zibukhali futhi zigobile.
Imfundo yezingane
Lapho kukhula khona uphayinaphu, emazweni lapho
Lesi sitshalo saba ngesokuqala phakathi kwabantu baseYurophu abatholakala nguH. Columbus. Ufunde ngokuba khona kaphayinaphu ngesikhathi sokumiswa cishe. IGuadeloupe. Ngalesi sikhathi, sasikhule emazweni aseCentral naseNingizimu Melika iningi.
Ngemininingwane! Igama livela ku- "Nanas", okuthi ngolimi lwama-Aborigine kuzwakale sengathi "isithelo esihle kakhulu."
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sitshalo yiBrazil neParaguay. Kamuva uphayinaphu okhula wabhebhetheka cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba
Izimbali Zophayinaphu
Izimbali zakhiwa ngemuva kweminyaka engu-1.5-2,5 emva kokuqala kokukhula. I-inflorescence ekwakhekeni ifana nendlebe lapho kunezimbali eziningi, zinokuhlobana.
I-Peduncle yakhiwa iphuzu lokukhula kwamaqabunga. Lesi sitshalo siyazicebisa ngokwaso. Izimbali ziphela ngezinsuku eziyi-14 ukuya kwezingu-20. Izimbali zivame ukuba nombala obomvu.
Amahlathi wepayinaphu
Lesi sitshalo sikhula emasimini e-Afrika, Southeast Asia, India nase China. Iphayinaphu ihambisana kahle nesimo sezulu esishisayo. Uyakwazi ukugcina amanzi ukuze akwazi ukusinda ngenkathi eyomile.
Lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle endaweni yesimo sezulu esifanele izithelo zezithelo zomndeni wamawolintshi.
Amahlathi amakhulu kakhulu okutshala kwawo atholakala eThailand, Philippines, Hawaii, Mexico, Australia nase Guinea. Iphayinaphu nayo ikhule ngokusebenza eGhana, India, Australia, China.
Nakani! E-Russia, lesi sitshalo singavuthwa kuphela ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo.
Ubumba uphayinaphu noma uphayinaphu
Ukulima ekhaya akunzima ikakhulukazi. Kepha ukulandela imithetho yendlela yokunakekela kuyimpoqo.
Iphayinili yokuhlobisa
Lesi sitshalo asihlali sithela izithelo lapho sikhule ekhaya. Ukuthola umphumela onjalo, kufanele uwunakekele ngokucophelela. Kepha ingatshalwa ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa. Indlela obukeka ngayo uphayinaphu ingayihlobisa indlu. Imithetho yokukhula ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa iyafana nakulezo zimo lapho zifuna ukuthola izithelo ezitshalweni.
Ukuhluma
Ungayinakekela kanjani uphayinaphu ebhodweni ekhaya
Okulandelayo, sizokutshela ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuthi ungakhula kanjani uphayinaphu ekhaya kusuka phezulu.
Ukuze ukhule, udinga ukukhetha imbiza efanele. Kukholelwa ukuthi umthamo wayo kufanele ube njalo ukuze okungenani okungenani amasentimitha ama-2 asuke esiqeshini kuya emaphethelweni. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kukhethwa ukuze kutshalwe. Ukuze ububanzi bawo buyi-12 cm cm.
Isibonakaliso esihle ukubonakala kwamaqabunga amasha endaweni yokuphuma kwesihlahla sikaphayinaphu. Kulokhu, ungaqiniseka ukuthi ukubamba imbala kwaphumelela.
Ngemininingwane! Lesi sitshalo iningi lotshani, hhayi izithelo.
Ukukhula
Kunconywe ukukhetha indawo enelanga kakhulu yophayinaphu efulethini.
Ukuze lesi sitshalo sikhule kahle, kubalulekile ukusifaka njalo ngonyaka. Kungcono ukwenza le nqubo ekuqaleni kwenkathi yehlobo.
Yini ekhulisa uphayinaphu? Akhula kahle ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zenhlabathi. Kodwa-ke, kungcono kuye ukuthi athenge enhlabathini ekhethekile yesitolo lapho kutholakala khona izihlahla zesundu. Vumela ukusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi yendawo yonke.
Lapho utshala ezansi kwembiza, kubalulekile ukuthulula ungqimba lwamanzi, unciphise amathuba okuba nomswakama ngokweqile futhi uvikele nepayinaphu ezifweni zokubola kwezimpande. U-Exot akasizwa isidingo sokufaka umanyolo.
Isitshalo ngeke siqhume ngaso leso sikhathi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-1.5-2 ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini. Uma uphayinaphu unikezwa ukukhanya okuningi, khona-ke izithelo zingakhula kusuka kuzimbali.
Lapho ukhula, kuyathandeka ukuhlinzeka ngokushisa kwe-25 ° C kwalesi sitshalo se-thermophilic. Ihamba kahle kakhulu uphayinaphu entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lama-20 ° C lingcono.
Iphayinaphu ayidingi umswakama obuningi. Ehlobo, kwanele ukunisela izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukunakekelwa kumele kuthathwe ukuvikela ukungena kwamanzi. Ebusika, kwanele ukuhlinzeka isitshalo ngomswakama masonto onke.
Nakani! Lapho unisela, uthele umswakama omncane esitolo. Kungenzeka fafaza. Lapho usebenzisa amanzi ompompi ngale njongo, kumele avunyelwe kuqala ukuthi axazulule.
Ukuphazamiseka kokuthuthuka
Uma amaqabunga ephayinaphu emile ngombala, lokhu kubonisa ukuntuleka kokukhanya. Uma le nkinga iqedwa, isitshalo siyokhula siqhubeke.
Lapho uphayinaphu ukhula, kepha izimbali zingakhi, yenza okulandelayo. Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokubunjelwa kwabo siyizinyanga eziyi-18-30. Uma kungenzeki lutho ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo singanikezwa ngosizo olufanele. Enye indlela yokuxazulula inkinga kungaba ukucubungula uphayinaphu ngegesi ethylene. Ekhaya, ingatholakala kusetshenziswa ama-apula. Izithelo zigawulwa zibe ngama-halves amabili, enye ibekwa eceleni kwephayinaphu ngesilayidi enhlabathini, enye endaweni yokuphumula isendaweni efanayo. Isitshalo esikule fomu simbozwe ngesikhwama sepulasitiki futhi sishiywe amasonto ama-3-4. Ama-apula azokhiqiza i-ethylene, ezoba nomphumela ovusa isitshalo. Lapho kuzokwazi ukubona ukubukeka kwezimbali, iphakethe liyasuswa, bese kususwa i-apula esele.
Okunye ukuphazamiseka ekwakhiweni kwesitshalo nakho kungenzeka:
- kwesinye isikhathi ungabona ukuthi amaqabunga aphansi awoma kanjani futhi aqhekeke kanjani. Imbangela enkulu kungenzeka uphayinaphu okusalungiswa. Kuyadingeka ukuhambisa lesi sitshalo endaweni entsha lapho kungeke kube sengozini;
- uma kukhona uthuli emaqabungeni, udinga ukuzesula ngendwangu emanzi;
- uma lesi sitshalo sinamaqabunga aqine futhi somisa futhi sisanda kuthela izithelo, lokhu akusona isizathu sokukhathazeka. Iphayinaphu ngemuva kokusungulwa kwesibeletho, kepha ukuphuma kwayo kungaphinde kusetshenziswe ukukhulisa isitshalo;
- uma uphayinaphu ukhula kancane, khona-ke lokhu kubonisa ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba kanye nomkhondo. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukuthenga nokusebenzisa umanyolo wezitshalo eziqhakazayo;
- yize uphayinaphu isitshalo se-thermophilic, noma kunjalo, akubekezeleli ukushisa ngokweqile. Kulokhu, amaqabunga angoma futhi awe. Kulesi simo, kuyadingeka ukunakekela ukudala izimo zokushisa ezintofontofo ngenxa yayo kanye nokunisela okwengeziwe.
Nakani! Amabala angahlasela isitshalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, amabala ansundu abonakala ngokucacile avela ezansi kwamaqabunga. Ukuqeda izinambuzane, mane usula amaqabunga nge-swab yekotoni ecijwe emanzini anosawoti.
Ngabe uphayiniga usatshalaliswa kanjani?
Ngokukhula, kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa irosette yamaqabunga. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhule izithelo zikaphayinaphu usebenzisa imbewu yakhe. Le nqubo ichitha isikhathi esiningi kunokukhula endaweni yokuphehla ugesi.
Ungafaka futhi ukusika kokuzala okuyisisekelo.
Ungakhula kanjani uphayinaphu kusuka ezinhlanyweni ekhaya
Lapho uhlela indlela yokutshala uphayinaphu ekhaya, kufanele kucatshangwe okulandelayo. Ukhula kaphayinaphu usebenzisa imbewu yakhe kungenzeka kuphela uma usebenzisa lezo ezithengiwe esitolo esikhethekile. Akunakwenzeka ukutshala lezo ezitholwe ngokuzimela. Uma uthenga uphayinaphu ukudla, khona-ke noma ngabe awunazo imbewu, noma uzohlala ungafani.
Imbewu elungele ukukhula ingokulandelayo:
- ziyizicaba futhi zinesimo semicircular;
- umbala onsundu noma une-tint ebomvu;
- ubude 3-4 mm.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, kudingeka zikhule. Ukuze wenze lokhu, abekwa phakathi kwezimpompo ezimbili ezimanzi futhi ashiywe endaweni efudumele amahora angama-18- 24.
Zitshalwe kungxube ye-peat-sand. Kulokhu, imbewu ayingcwatshwa ngamasentimitha angaphezu kwesigamu nesigamu. Ukhula, amboze ifilimu noma ingilazi ye-cellophane bese ubeka endaweni efudumele. Uma ukuhluma kwenziwa ngaphakathi lokushisa kwasekamelweni, khona-ke kunengqondo ukulindela izithombo zokuqala esikhathini esingamasonto amathathu kuya enyangeni eyodwa nengxenye. Uma ugcina isitsha ekushiseni okungu-30-32 ° C, izithombo zizovela ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-2-3.
Lapho umila, udinga ukunisela njalo amahlumela futhi uwondle njalo emavikini ayi-2-3.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga ama-2-3, izitshalo ziyantshontshelwa (ezitshalwe emabhodweni ahlukene). Badinga inhlabathi enezingxenye ezilinganayo ze-peat, humus, inhlabathi engadini nesihlabathi. Ukwenza ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kube okukhululekile, amaphesenti ama-5 wamalahle aqhekekile ayengezelelwa kukho.
Kubalulekile! Esikhundleni sengxenye yesihlabathi, inani elilinganayo le-perlite lingasetshenziswa.
Iphayinaphu emasimini
Ngabe uphayinaphu usatshalaliswa kanjani emvelweni?
Khula kanjani uphayinaphu emvelweni? Itholakala ngesimo sezitshalo zodwa. Imvamisa izithelo zaso ziba nzima, zibe nosayizi omncane nobumnandi uma kuqhathaniswa nama-cultivar.
Ngemuva kokuba izimbali seziqediwe, kwakheka isithelo kule ndawo. Njengoba ezimeni eziningi lesi sitshalo sinamakhethini amabili, siyazenzisa. Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka ukuthi izimbali zingezesilisa kuphela noma zowesifazane. Kulokhu, lingazala kabusha ngosizo lwezinambuzane.
Ezithelweni zasendle, kunezinhlanyelo eziningi izinyoni nezilwane ezithanda ukuzenza kabusha, zibahambise lapho ziwela khona emhlabathini bese zikhula.
Ukukhula uphayinaphu ekhaya akulula kangako. Ngemizamo yokunakekelwa okuncane, awukwazi ukubala hhayi kuphela izithelo ezimnandi, kodwa futhi nesitshalo esihle somhlobiso.
