Uma unquma ukutshala eliphakathi kweqhinga, kufanele ukhethe ngokucophelela izinhlobonhlobo. Isihloko sethu sizochaza ukuthi "ikhasi elibomvu" liphakathi, futhi linikeze izici zalo. Sizokutshela indlela yokutshala isihlahla futhi uyinakekele.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
Ukutshalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo kwenziwa ngenhlangano yesayense yesayensi yezolimo ye-FGBNU YuUNIISK. Amapheya ahlukahlukene "Krasnobokaya" avela ngenxa yokuwela kwezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili: "Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" nokuthi "Ukuthambekela".
Kubalulekile! Kubalulekile ukuvuna isivuno ngesikhathi - eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaSepthemba, njengoba izithelo zisheshe zivuthwe bese ziwela emhlabathini.
Abasunguli Abalimi abanjengo: Putyatin V.I., Mazunin M.A., Falkenberg E.A. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-90 yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ukuhlolwa kwezwe kwalolu hlobo lwaqala. "I-Krasnobakaya" eliphakathi kwerejista lifakwe kuRejista Yombuso yezifunda zaseVolga-Vyatka, Ural nase-Altai, futhi itholakala eNtshonalanga Siberia. 
Izimpawu nezici
Siyakuncoma incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo eziphakathi kwe-"Krasnobakaya".
Izinkuni
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibhekene nezihlahla ezikuphakama kwazo ezingaphezu kwamamitha amane. Izihlahla ezincane zihlukaniswa nokukhula okunamandla okuqhubekayo. Ipeyari ine-oval, branchy, isiqalo esincane. Izitshalo zinesimo esifanele, esitholakala kuma-degree angu-90 kuya esihlahleni. Izeluleko zamagatsha ziqondiswa phezulu esihlahleni. Amagxolo kanye neziqu zezinhlanzi zinemibala eluhlaza, ukuhlunga kubonakala kuzo.
Ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwesihlahla kuyaqhubeka kuze kufike isikhathi sokukhula kwe-fruiting. Amaqabunga afana ne-emerald embala, abe nokuvutha okuncane emaphethelweni, ngaphandle kokungqimba. Ubukhulu bukhulu kakhulu, bukhulu futhi bukhulu.
Izithelo
Izithelo ziyingayizi ephakathi, ngezinye izikhathi zikhudlwana kancane kunokujwayelekile. Isisindo sepeya elilodwa cishe 135-155 g kodwa ama-specimens anesisindo esingu-180 g angatholakala. Ukuma kwesithelo kuhloswe nge-classical pear. Zine-surface ebushelelezi, isikhumba esimnandi. Amapheya anemibala eluhlaza emerald lapho evunwa, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi aba yi-amber ngenye yesithathu. Bine inyama enhle ehlanjululwe kahle nephunga elimnandi. 
Iphayari inomsoco: lapho ihlaba, ijusi iqala ukugeleza. Kuyadumeka ukunambitheka kwayo okumnandi, kuhlangene ngempumelelo nobuhlungu obukhulu kanye ne-tartness. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuqoqwa kwe-astringency ngeke kuhlale umkhondo, futhi ungajabulela ukunambitheka okuhle kwepeyari.
Funda futhi mayelana nokuzikhethela kwamapheya ekhulayo ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene: "Ikhulu leminyaka", "uBryansk Beauty", "Rossoshanskaya dessert", "Ububele", "Uju", "Hera", "Petrovskaya", "Krasulya", "Ukukhumbula iZhegalov", "Izingane ".
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo uma uthenga
Ukuhleleka kokufika kuyakhona izithombo, okungakanani iminyaka engu-1-2. Ukuphakama komuthi omncane kufanele kube ngamamitha ayi-1. Endaweni engenhla ye-trunk kufanele ibe nezinso eziningi ezinamandla. Izithombo ze-Biennial kufanele zibe nama-2-3 amahlumela, okumele kube ngaphansi kwe-efihlekile. Uma uthenga i-pear, qaphela uhlelo lwempande - kumele luqukathe okungenani izinqubo ezingu-3 ngamagatsha amaningi. Ukuba khona kwamagatsha omile akumukeleki.
Ukukhetha indawo kusayithi
Iphayari itshalwe iselulaokungekho ama-drafts. Umuthi uthanda ukukhanya kwelanga, ngakho akufanele usitshale eduze kwendlu noma ezinye izakhiwo. Kungcono ukuhamba kuzo ngamamitha ayi-3-4. Ukutshala, khetha izindawo enhlabathini enhlabathini, umhlabathi omnyama noma umhlabathi we-loamy.
Izinga le-acidity kufanele libe pH 5.6-6. Kunconywa ukutshala lesi sitshalo ekuphakameni, ezindaweni lapho amanzi angaphansi kwamamitha ama-2.5 ngaphansi komhlaba.
I-pollinator yamapheya ingaba izinhlobo ezinjengalezi: "Severyanka", "Inganekwane" ne "I-Hanged".
Kunconywa ukutshala eduze kwesihlahla.
Uyazi? Ekuqaleni, amaqabunga aphakathi kwamapayipi ayebhema ngentshiseko eYurophu, futhi ngemva nje kokuba ugwayi ubonakale, ingabe izithelo zompeba zaqala ukudliwa.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela
Uma uhlela ukutshala umuthi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, khona-ke umcimbi wenza kahle entwasahlobo. Uma ukutshala kuhlelwe ezindaweni ezifudumele, kungenzeka ukutshala ikhasi elikwindla. Ukulungiswa komgodi wokufika kufanele kubanjwe ekwindla, ngoba Izinsuku ezingu-10-14 ngaphambi kokudlula.
- Kusukela endaweni yokufika, uthathe ungqimba lomhlabathi we-20-25 cm bese uhlanganisa no-20 kg wamanyolo eziphilayo (umquba noma i-humus ingasetshenziswa), 15 kg we-sand sand kanye no-0.3 kg we-superphosphate.
- Khona-ke udinga ukumba imbobo, ububanzi bayo buzolingana no-70 cm, nokujula - okungenani imitha eli-1. Uma kunjalo, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ahamba asondele, kubalulekile ukwenza umsele usebenzisa amajebu.
- Thela inhlabathi elungiselelwe emgodini.
- Ukumboza umgodi ngokugoqa epulasitiki.
Zazi ngokwakho ngezinselele zokutshala nokuzinakekela izinhlobo zezinwele: Rogneda, Otradnenskaya, Avgustovskaya Dew, Kokinskaya, Elena, Marble, Fairytale, Nika, Severyanka, Veles , "Lada", "Izintandokazi Yakovlev", "Muscovite", "I-Cathedral".
Inqubo ngesinyathelo-sinyathelo sokutshala izithombo
Ngaphambi kokutshala, uhlelo lwempande luyisiphakamiso se-3% ye-potassium permanganate. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uphonse isithombo kule nkinga futhi ugcine kuyo okungenani usuku. Khona-ke kudingeke ukuba sigqoke izimpande ngenhlanganisela elungiselelwe ngaphambilini yomquba nobumba oluyimpuphu ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1: 2. Izithombo kufanele zome isikhathi samahora angu-2-3. Cabanga indlela umuthi ohlwanyelwe ngayo:
- Kusukela emgodini, susa ifilimu yepulasitiki, u-4-5 cm kusukela phakathi kwegodini, uqhube isigxobo esizosiza njengomuthi.
- Ifomu phakathi nendawo yomgodi intaba encane yenhlabathi.
- Beka umuthi maphakathi nomgodi, nentamo yempande ibe ngu-6 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi.
- Qaphela ngokucophelela uhlelo lwempande elugqeni.
- Fafaza izimpande ngomhlabathi, uchithe kancane kancane. Qaphela ukuthi ayikho ifomu le-voids.
- Thepha isineti ekusekeleni.
- Emaphethelweni emgodini, yakha i-groove, ukujula okumele kube yi-7-9 cm. Nisela amanzi (20 l amanzi).
- Thela umelenzeki emjikelezweni oseduze, uzosiza ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini.
- Ukukhishwa kwe-Sapling kumele kutholakale ngo-30%.
Kubalulekile! Ukudubula akunakwenziwa ehlobo, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi kukhona ukugeleza kwe-sap esebenzayo, futhi amanye amagatsha angase afe emva kwenqubo enjalo.
Njengoba ubona, inqubo yokutshala ilula futhi ngisho nendawo yokulima ingazibamba. 
Izici zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Cabanga ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani lesi sihlahla ukuze unike isivuno esihlwabusayo nesicebile.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
I-Pear ayidingi ukuchelela okuvamile - okwanele Nciphisa inhlabathi izikhathi 4 ngezikhathi ezithile. Kodwa-ke, uma ihlobo selomile futhi imvula ingavamile, inani lokuchelela kufanele landa. Uma kukhona isimo sezulu esomile, kunconywa ukuba uwase umuthi kanye ngesonto, ngesikhathi esifanayo uhlanganisa umuthi wesihlahla. Kuleli peat elihle noma ama-humus. Lo mcimbi uzogcina umswakama ozungeze uhlelo lwempande futhi kuzovimbela ukubukeka kwe-crust emhlabathini.
Enye yezici zokunakekelwa komuthi - ukufafaza. Umcimbi kufanele ubanjwe ekuseni noma kusihlwa ngamanzi afudumele.
Emva kokuchelela, kunconywa ukuthi ukhulule inhlabathi, okuzocebisa inhlabathi nge-oxygen.
Uyazi? I-China umholi phakathi kwamazwe asakhulayo. Umbuso ubeka u-54.3% wemikhiqizo yomhlaba wonke.
Ngokukhula kokhula ku-weeding circle weed uyenziwa. Ukhula luyithatha izinto eziningi eziwusizo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isiyingi esiseduzane siyasuswa. 
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Njengoba isimiso sezimpande sitholakala ngaphansi komhlaba, akukho phuzu ekukhuculeni umanyolo emhlabathini. Okukhethwa kukho ukugqugquzela ukusebenzisa izisombululo zomsoco.
Ukusetshenziswa kokugqoka okwenziwe ngamaminerali kuphela kungaholela ekwenzeni i-acidification yenhlabathi, ngakho-ke kuwufanelekile ukusebenzisa umquba ophilayo. Izithako ezenziwe ngamaminerali zenziwa njalo ngonyaka, eziphilayo - kanye ngonyaka eminyakeni 2-3. Umuthi omdala udinga 25-30 kg yemanyolo ephilayo. Ungasebenzisa ama-humus, umquba noma umquba.
Ngenxa yezimila zamaminerali, umuthi ukhula kangcono. Ukufeza inqubo yokudla kanje:
- ngaphambi kokuba i-pear iqale ukuqhakaza, kuyadingeka ukuyidla nge-450 g we-urea noma i-45 g ye-saltpeter;
- emva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kuyadingeka ukwengeza enye i-250 g we-urea, kanye nokufiphaza ama-buds nesisombululo salo esingu-3%;
- ekwindla, 60 g we-superphosphate kabili, 30 g we-potassium kanye no-30 g we-calcium.
Ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo
Ukuze kuvikelwe izinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene ekuhlaseleni umuthi, kubalulekile ukufeza ukwelashwa kokuvimbela ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuvuna. Ukuze uthenge izidakamizwa, kufanele uxhumane nesitolo esikhethekile lapho uzonikezwa khona izindlela, kuye ngokuthi ufuna ukwenzani ukwelashwa okuphikisiwe. 
Ukudubula
Iminyaka engama-4-5 yokuqala emva kokuduka, kubalulekile ukukhokha ngokukhethekile ukwakheka komqhele nokulungisa umuthi. Kungcono ukufeza lo mcimbi entwasahlobo, eminyakeni eyishumi ka-Ephreli. Ngokuvamile kunokwenzeka ukuhlangabezana nesakhiwo se-longline somqhele.
- Ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala, kudingeka ukhethe amagatsha aqinile 3-4, atholakala engxenyeni engezansi yomuthi, futhi aqede wonke amanye amahlumela. Futhi, isiqu esikhulu sincishiswe ngama-20-25 cm.
- Ngonyaka olandelayo kuyadingeka ukwakha isigaba sesibili. Kufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-40 cm ukusuka kokuqala. Udinga ukushiya amagatsha angu-2-3, futhi unqume wonke amanye amahlumela. Amagatsha aphakathi kwama-tiers kufanele ancishiswe ngu-2/3. Futhi, isiqu esikhulu sincishiswe ngama-25-30 cm.
- Ngonyaka wesine wokukhula, ukwakheka kwe-third tier kwenziwa. Shiya amagatsha angu-1 noma amabili. Kule nkathi elandelayo, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa isiqu esiyinhloko ukuze kube sezingeni elifanayo neyesithathu yesithathu.
Ukuvikelwa emakhazeni namakhaza
Iphayari "Ehlangothini elibomvu" libhekisela ezihlahleni ezinamandla okumelana nesithwathwa. Izitshalo ezincane kufanele zifudumale nge-fir paws noma burlap, futhi izihlahla ezivuthiwe kufanele zibe lungiselela ubusika kanje:
- susa amagatsha, amaqabunga, izithelo nama-debris avela kumbuthano;
- Kunconywa ukumba umjikelezo oseduze ukuze uqede izinambuzane;
- kudingekile ukugcoba i-trunk kanye ne-1/3 yamagatsha asezingeni eliphansi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga u-2 kg we-lime, u-1 kg wobumba oluyimpuphu kanye no-300 g we-sulfate yethusi;
- Esigabeni sokugcina, lesi sitshalo sihlanganiswa. Ubuningi be-sawdust noma i-peat kufanele kube okungenani u-15-20 cm. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukususa imbokodla ngesikhathi lapho kuvela intwasahlobo, kungenjalo kuyobangela ukushisa nokuguqula uhlelo lwempande.
Uyazi? Ipear enkulu kakhulu eRussia yatshalwe ngu-Abas Matiyev wase-Ingushetia. Isisindo sakhe sasingu-1 kg 7 g.
Ikhasi "Okubomvu-eceleni" kubonakala ngokumelene nezifo eziningi nezinambuzane. Akuvamile ukuthi kuthinte i-cytosporosis, i-powdery isikhutha kanye nesiko, amapayipi angamapayipi, ama-aphid nama-leafworms. Kodwa-ke, ungathatha izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwezifo nezinambuzane esihlahleni. 
Uma unquma ukutshala ipeyari esakhiweni, sincoma ukukhetha ezihlukahlukene iKrasnobokaya. Isihlahla asizithobeki ekunakekeleni, ngakho-ke ungayikhula ngomzamo omncane futhi ujabulele isivuno esihlwabusayo nesicebile.
