IGloucester ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zentengiso yama-apula eyakhelwe ngokukhethekile ingadi yezimboni kuma-rootstocks amfushane. Lawa ma-apula amahle abomvu amnyama adonsela ukunaka futhi angagcinwa kuze kube sentwasahlobo kuma-storages alawulwa amazinga okushisa afakwe ngokukhethekile.
I-Gloucester - izihlahla zama-apula ebusika ebusika bezingadi ezihwebayo
Izinhlobonhlobo zeGloster zachithwa eJalimane maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule futhi zanda e-Europe ngemuva kokuphumelela embukisweni wezolimo wango-1969.
I-Gloucester iyinhlobonhlobo ye-apula yaseYurophu esetshenziswayo
Le yi-apula yokuvuthwa sekwephuzile (ukusetshenziswa kwasebusika), okuhloselwe ukusetshenziswa okusha.
IGlass Gloucester ayilungele ukwenziwa kwekhishini lwasekhaya nokucutshungulwa.
Ama-apula amakhulu futhi amahle kakhulu alezi zinhlobonhlobo anemibala ebomvu emnyama. Isisindo sabo esimaphakathi sisuka kumagremu ayi-150 kuye kwangama-180, isimo esisetshenzisiwe esinomugqa obonakalayo, ukunambitheka kumnandi kakhulu futhi kumuncu.
Ama-apula we-Gloucester muhle kakhulu
Le nhlobonhlobo kwasekuqaleni yayihloselwe ukulinyelwa ezisekelweni ezincane emincane ezingadini eziqinile zohlobo lwe-trellis. Ukuvunwa esihlahleni esisodwa kufinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-20-30, izithelo zonyaka ngaphandle kwesikhathi. Izithelo zokuqala zivela ngonyaka wesibili - wesithathu emva kokutshala.
IGloucester ihlangana kabi kakhulu namaphutha endalo: ukugqwala kwalo ngokwendalo kuhlanganiswe ne-angle engathi sína yokuqothula kusuka esiqwini kuholela ekwakhiweni kwamafoloko ayingozi, futhi esikhathini esizayo izihlahla ezincane zivame ukwehla ngaphansi kwesisindo sesilimo.
Ngaphandle kokubunjelwa nokusekelwa okufika ngesikhathi, izihlahla ze-apula zaseGloucester zivame ukwehla ngaphansi kwesisindo sesilimo.
I-Gloucester cultivar iyazithela ngokwengxenye, kepha uma ivimbela impova, isivuno singaphakama amahlandla amane kuya kwesihlanu. I-pollinator enhle kwezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula. Iqhakaza sekwephuze futhi isikhathi eside, okunciphisa ingozi yokulimazeka kwezimbali ngokubuya kwesithwathwa.
I-trellis ephansi yezihlahla ze-apula ingambozwa nge-agrofiber uma kwenzeka usongelwa yiqhwa
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwezinhlobo ze-Gloucester - itafula
| Izinzuzo | Qeda |
| Isethulo esihle sama-apula | Ukuqina kobusika obuphansi |
| Isithelo sonyaka | Isidingo sesitoko esincane |
| Ukuhamba okuhle ngemuva kokuvuna | Ubulukhuni bokubumba izihlahla |
| Ukumelana okuphezulu kwe-powdery hlobo | Umonakalo obalulekile wesibazi |
| Ukuzala okuyingxenye, ukuvumbuluka okuhle kokunye kanye nezinye izinhlobo | Ubunzima bokugcina izithelo |
IGloucester ingumbhalo onzima odinga ukunakekelwa
Izici zokutshala nobuqili bezokunakekelwa
I-Gloucester iyinhlobonhlobo ye-apula yaseningizimu ethanda ukushisa edinga isimo sezulu esiphansi kanye nenkathi ende yokukhula. Izihlahla zayo zilinyazwe kakhulu yiqabaka vele ku-20 ° C.
Akusizi ngalutho ukuzama ukutshala i-Gloucester ehlukahlukene enyakatho yeKiev neVolgograd: izokopha cishe njalo ngonyaka, futhi ama-apula asazoba nesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngokujwayelekile ngenxa efushane kakhulu ehlobo.
Ngokutshala izihlahla zeapula, udinga ukukhetha indawo ekhanyiswe kahle yilanga ngokuvikelwa yimimoya ebandayo. Ukuthambeka okuncane komoya omncane kuyinto efiselekayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala kwezifo zesithwathwa nezikhunta. Awukwazi ukutshala izihlahla zama-apula ezindaweni eziphansi ezinomswakama ngamanzi aphansi komhlaba eduze kwamamitha owodwa nesigamu ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba. Inhlabathi idinga ukusabela okuvundile, okune-acidic noma okungathathi hlangothi. Kudingeka umthombo onokwethenjelwa wamanzi wokunisela.
Ukutshala izihlahla zamaapula eGloucester
Izihlahla ze-Apple zitshalwe emigqeni eduze kwama-trellises, ahlelwe ngokuqondile ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu. Ibanga phakathi kwama-trellises ngamamitha ayi-3-4, phakathi kwezihlahla zilandelana ngamamitha ayi-2-3. Izinsika ezedlulele ezingamamitha ayi-3-4 ukuphakama zingcwatshwa emhlabathini okungenani ngamamitha bese ziqiniswa ngokhonkolo. Kulula ukubeka izingongolo ekwindla ngaphambi kokutshala, bese udonsa ucingo entwasahlobo elandelayo.
Izihlahla ze-Apple ezimpandeni ezingashonile kufanele zikhule ku-trellis
Ngaphandle kwe-trellis, kuzoba kubi kuphela: ngaphansi kwegatsha ngalinye eligobile kuzofanela ushayela isikhonkwane esihlukile ukuze usivikele. Uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezikhonkwane nezintambo ezizungeze isihlahla kudala isimo esibuhlungu kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi wengadi: ukugaya, ukufafaza, ukuvuna. Umkhulu wami wake wazama izihlahla ezincane zama-apula ngaphandle kwe-trellis, umphumela waba mubi kakhulu - kuyaphazamisa kakhulu ukuzinakekela.
Esifundeni saseningizimu yasendaweni, kungcono ukutshala isihlahla sama-apula ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, ukuze intwasahlobo iqale ukwakheka.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokufika:
- Donsela intambo yesikhashana phakathi kwezikhala ze-trellis ukumaka imigqa.
- Maka izindawo ezifikayo bese ususa izintambo ukuze zingaphazamisi.
- Esakhiweni sokufika, bhala umgodi onobubanzi bemitha eyi-1 kanye nokujula kwamasentimitha angama-50-60.
Imigodi yokufikelwa ilula ukumba ngaphambi kokudonsa ucingo lwe-trellis
- Hlanganisa umhlabathi kusuka emgodini ngebhakede le-humus ebolile ngokuphelele.
- Faka i-seedling emgodini, usabalalisa izimpande zayo ezinhlangothini.
Ukugoqa izimpande ngesikhathi sokutshala kufanele kusatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo ezinhlangothini
- Gcwalisa umgodi ngenhlabathi ukuze zonke izimpande zivaliwe, futhi indawo yokuxhunyelelwa (ibhendi enwebekile ngesiqu, ebekwe ngaphezu kwezimpande) ikhuphuka ngaphezu komhlabathi okungenani ngo-3-5 cm.
- Thela amabhakede amabili amanzi ngaphansi kwesithombo.
Ngemuva kokutshala, isithombo kumele siniselwe
Izihlahla ezisekwe ezimpondweni ezincane azidingi ukuvumelanisa intambo yempande ngokunemba kwamasentimitha lapho kutshalwa, kodwa kukho konke ukuphila kwesihlahla kubalulekile ukuthi isiza esixhunyelelwayo sihlala ngaphezulu kwezinga lomhlabathi.
Izithombo ezisesiphelweni esimfushane zinesistimu yezimpande engajulile futhi egxishwe kakhulu
Ukunakekelwa Kwezihlahla Ngemuva kokutshala
Uma ekwindla yinde, ifudumele futhi yomile, izithombo ezisanda kutshalwa kufanele ziniselwe emva kwesonto ngebhakede lamanzi ngalinye.
Entwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa selincibilikile, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlolwe ukujula kokutshala izithombo futhi, uma kunesidingo, kulungise ngokuthatha umhlaba kusiqu noma ukuwudwezela ezinhlangothini. Ngemuva kwalokho, ucingo ludonswa kwi-trellis ngemigqa engu-3-4 ehambisanayo futhi ukwakheka kuqala:
- Konke omile nokuphukile kumele kususwe ngokuphelele.
- Amagatsha asendizeni ye-trellis kufanele akhothamele phansi futhi alungiswe ukuze i-engela lokuphuma kwawo esiqwini libe okungenani ngama-60 degrees.
- Amagatsha adonswa ngaphandle komugqa kufanele asikwe eziko futhi amboze izigaba nge-var var yengadi.
- Amagatsha amafushane kufanele agwenywe ukuze angavuki ukukhula kwamahlumela ancintisanayo.
Amagatsha aboshelwe kwi-trellis ukuze i-engela lokuphuma kwawo esiqwini libe okungenani ngama-60 degrees
Esimweni esishisayo nesomile, sama-apple yezithelo emsipheni omncane, ukuthambisa kuyadingeka izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngenyanga ngamabhakede ama-2 wamanzi ngemitha yesikwele. Ukunisela okudlayo impela, amanzi aqeda ngokomnotho.
Ukuchelela ukunisela - ikhambi elihle kakhulu lezindawo ezomile
Inhlabathi engaphansi kwezihlahla kufanele igcinwe ivulekile futhi ihlanzekile kusuka kukhula. Ingafakwa ngemichilo ye-organic noma i-agrofibre ukugcina umswakama.
Kusukela ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala, intwasahlobo ngayinye ngesikhathi sokumba okungashoni, umanyolo usetshenziswa ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke le ndawo ngobuningi obulandelayo ngemitha yesikwele:
- 20-30 g we-ammonium nitrate,
- 40-50 g we-superphosphate,
- 20-25 g we-potassium sulfate.
Izimpande ze-dwarf zinesistimu yezimpande engashoni, ngakho-ke ukugaya nokukhulula inhlabathi kuvunyelwe ukujula okungamaphesenti ayi-10.
Ubunzima ekuvuneni kanye nasekugcinweni kwama-apula eGloucester
IGloucester iyinhlobonhlobo yokuvuthwa kobusika. Ukuvuna kuye ngesimo sezulu kanye nesifunda kwenzeka kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunquma kahle isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo: imbewu kufanele ivuthwe ngokuphelele futhi ibe nsundu emnyama, kuyilapho inyama kufanele ihlale iluhlaza-mhlophe, ibomvu futhi ilukhuni. Ngisho nama-apula amancane asanda kutholakala esihlahleni agcinwa kabi, ngokushesha ansundu kusuka ngaphakathi, aba nokukhululeka futhi anganambitheki. Izithelo ezingavuthiwe zihlala zinama-asidi.
Ema-apula asezingeni eliphezulu, inyama iba nsundu bese iba nokunambitha
Ngeqoqo elifanele kanye nesitoreji, izithelo zeGloucester zifinyelela ukunambitheka kwazo okuhle ngoNovemba. Endaweni yokugcina indawo yezimboni enokuqukethwe komoya ophefumulile kanye nenani elikhuphukayo le-carbon dioxide esemazingeni okushisa angaphezulu kuka + 2 ° C, zigcinwa kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokuphila, amapharamitha anjalo awatholakali, futhi impilo yeshelufu incishiswa kakhulu.
Ngokubona kwami, iGloucester iyi-apula enhle kumthengisi, kepha hhayi yomthengi. Ukubonakala kwezipho zikanokusho kwalawa ma-apula kuvame ukufihla iziphambeko zangaphakathi: igumbi lembewu elimnyama noma elibunjiwe, inyama e-brown brown, nokunambitheka okumunyu.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo zeGloucester zikhuphule ukumelana ne-Powdery isikhutha, kepha zivame ukuthinteka yisibazi nokubola kwezithelo. Kwezinambuzane, inundu eliyingozi kakhulu ne-aphid yegazi.
Izifo nezilokazane nezindlela zokulawula - itafula
| Isihloko | Incazelo | Ungalwa kanjani |
| Isikali | Amabala amnyama ayindilinga amnyama avela kwizithelo namaqabunga. | Yenza ukufafazwa kathathu nge-Scor yezidakamizwa:
|
| Izithelo bola | Izindawo ezinamabala ansundu anephunga le-putrid avela kuma-apula | |
| Moth | Amacimbi aleli bhungane enza ama-apula abe ngundabuzekwayo. Kukhona izizukulwane ezimbili ngesizini, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kabusha ngamakhemikhali kuyimpoqo | Fafaza ukufafaza okune nge-Actellic:
|
| I-aphid yegazi | Izinambuzane ezincane ezimhlophe ezisuka endaweni ebomvu lapho zichotshozwa |
Izifo zezihlahla ze-Apple nezinambuzane - igalari yezithombe
- Ama-apula wesibazi athintekile alahlekelwa isethulo sawo
- Imvula eningi inomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kokubola kwezithelo
- I-Apple codling moth - uvemvane ompunga we-nondescript, onika izizukulwane ezimbili ngonyaka
- Izimbungulu zemundu zidla emsukeni wama-apula
- Izikhumba ze-aphid zegazi ngaphansi kwama-white fluffy shreds, njengoboya bekotini
Ukubuyekezwa
Eminyakeni engu-3 edlule, ngangizitshele le nhlobonhlobo, ngithemba ukuthi kuzoba no-apula wami ubusika bonke, kepha maye - izinhlobonhlobo azilamanga isikhathi eside. Kulonyaka basuse ibhokisi eli-1 futhi bacishe baqeda. Izinhlobo ezihlwabusayo kakhulu, ezinoshukela futhi ezinamakha.
ShaSvetik
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9647
I-Gloucester esifundeni seVolgograd ingabikwa ngezinhlobo zokuphela kwekwindla. Izinhlobo ezinhle, ezinambitheka kahle futhi zikhiqiza kakhulu. Uma uyikhipha ngesikhathi, khona-ke kalula ilele ngaphambi konyaka omusha. I-apula limnandi, linephunga, licishe lingenayo i-acid, okwanele ukungacabangi izithelo ezisanda kusha.
U-Alexey Sh
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9647&page=3
IGloucester inezindlela ezibukhali zokusuka kwamagatsha ayinhloko esiqwini, esigcwaliswa yizinkinga ekwakhekeni kwesihlahla bese kuphuka ngesikhathi sokuzala lapho kugcwele kakhulu isivuno.
ISveta
//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/showthread.php?t=1305&page=9
ESamara, ngatshala iGloucester (njengendawo ebusika kunazo zonke ebusheni beDelity) emthanjeni onobusika obunzima. Ebusika bango-2005-2006, imigomo iqandisiwe.
I-Yakimov
//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=16045
Abathandi be-Gloucester abavuthiwe nabamuncu bama-apula abanomuncu njengoFuji otshanini obuningi, okuyinto, noma imnandi, kodwa ngaphandle kokusonta.
UGaryd
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=5210&start=1485
Ngenxa yokubukeka kokunethezeka kwama-apula ayo, izinhlobonhlobo zeGloucester zisathandwa kakhulu engadini yezentengiselwano yesifunda eseningizimu, futhi abanye abalimi abangama-amateur abanolwazi bayakhula. Kepha kumqali ongenalwazi, lokhu kuhlukahluka kusabukeka kakhulu futhi kungadala ukudumazeka.
