I-anyanisi-batun yisitshalo semifino sangemuva esisetshenziswa esibonakala njengesiqu se-anyanisi. Le nhlobonhlobo ye-anyanisi ingenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu futhi ezifunwa phakathi kwabalimi. Isiko lethu selidumile hhayi kudala, kepha noma kunjalo lihlwanyelwa zombili ngokusebenzisa izithombo nokutshala ngqo endaweni evulekile.
Ukutshala imbewu yezithombo
Ukukhulisa inzalo ye-anyanisi-yisithombo kusetshenziselwa icala lapho kudingeka khona ukuthola imifino yangaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi yehlulekile ukwenza ukubhuka kobusika.
Imbewu ye-anyanisi-baton ngokubukeka ibukeka njenge-blackhead ejwayelekile
Ukulungiswa komhlaba namathangi
Ukuze ukhule izithombo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ze-anyanisi-seedling, udinga ukulungiselela kahle ingxube yenhlabathi. Ezimweni eziningi, abatshali bezitshalo balungiselela lokhu kulandelayo:
- ingxube yomhlaba we-humus ne-sod ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo (isigamu sebhakede);
- 200 g we-ash ash lokhuni;
- Amagremu angama-80 nitroammofoski.
Zonke izinto zixubene kahle.
Ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa, inhlabathi ephumelelayo iyanconywa ukuba ihlanzwe, lapho umhlaba uthululwa khona ngesisombululo esingu-2% se-potanganum permanganate.
Ngaphezu kwengxube yenhlabathi, udinga ukunakekela ukulungiswa kwethangi lokufika. Kanjalo, izithombo ezi-15 cm eziphakeme ezinezimbobo ezansi zingasetshenziswa. Futhi, ukuthola amanzi phansi, uthele ungqimba wamatshe amatshe 1 cm.
Amandla okutshala izithombo zika-anyanisi kufanele abe malunga nama-15 cm ukuphakama anezimbobo ezansi kanye noxhaxha lwamanzi
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Akunandaba noma isiphi isiko ohlela ukusikhulisa, ukulungiswa kwezinto zembewu akufanele kunganakwa. Kunconywa ukuthoba imbewu ye-anyanisi-batun ngaphambi kokutshala emanzini ajwayelekile noma kusixazululo sikamanyolo omanyolo ngesilinganiso sethebhulethi eyi-1 ilitha elilodwa lamanzi.
Inqubo yokugcobhoza kufanele ilawulwe ukuze imbewu inganiki amahlumela amade kakhulu, okuzokwenza ukutshala kudle isikhathi esithe xaxa.
Njengesisombululo sokufaka, ungasebenzisa futhi i-potanganum permanganate efudumele. Imbewu ibekwa kuyo imizuzu engama-20, emva kwalokho ifakwe emanzini afudumele ajwayelekile amahora angama-24, kuyilapho uketshezi kudingeka lushintshwe kaningana. Ngemuva kwenqubo, imbewu yomile bese iqala ukuhlwanyela. Ukulungiselela okunjalo kuvumela ukuhluma kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, imvamisa isonto.
Lapho ulungiselela imbewu, ifakwe emanzini ajwayelekile noma isisombululo se-potanganum permanganate
Ukuhlwanyela izinsuku
Ukuze kutshalwe kahle u-anyanisi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kufanele uhlwanyele nini. Izithombo zihlwanyelwa engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli. Uma isifunda sakho sinesimo sezulu esifudumele, ukufika phansi kungenziwa ngaphambili. Ukutshala izithombo esizeni kwenziwa ngaphakathi kwamashumi amabili kaJuni, futhi ngoSepthemba bavuna, futhi kanye nama-bulbs (ngokutshala konyaka).
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo
Ngemuva kokulungisa inhlabathi, iziqukathi nembewu, sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukuhlwanyela. Kwenze okulandelayo:
- Umthamo wokufakelwa ugcwele umhlaba, ama-grooves enziwe ngokujula kwe-1.5-3 cm kude ne-5-6 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu enhlabathini, imifino yenziwa yafika ekujuleni kuka-1.5-3 cm ngebanga ukusuka komunye nomunye ngo-5-6 cm
- Hlwanyela imbewu.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngo-grooves ezilungiselelwe
- Fafaza imbewu ngesendlalelo somhlaba oxegayo (1.5 cm), emva kwalokho umphandle udalulwe futhi uhlanganiswe kancane.
Fafaza imbewu ngemuva kokutshala ungqimba lomhlaba
- Isendlalelo somfula esingu-2 cm sithululelwa ngaphezulu bese simunyiswa ngesibhamu sokufafaza, esisusa ukuguguleka kwazo zonke izingqimba nokusikeka kwembewu.
- Amapulangwe embozwe ngengilazi noma nge-polyethylene bese edluliselwa egumbini lapho izinga lokushisa lizogcinwa khona + 18-21 ° C.
Ngemuva kokutshala, isitsha simbozwa ngefilimu noma ingilazi.
Ividiyo: Ukutshala izithombo zika-anyanisi wezithombo
Ukunakekela izithombo
Lapho kuvela amahlumela, ifilimu kufanele isuswe, bese ibhokisi lokufaka lifaka efasiteleni eliseningizimu. Noma kunjalo, igumbi akufanele lifudumele kakhulu: kungcono kakhulu uma izinga lokushisa lingaphakathi + 10-11 10ะก. Ngemuva kosuku, kuyinto efiselekayo ukulonda umbuso olandelayo wokushisa: + 14-16 ° C phakathi nosuku kanye + ne-11-13 ° C ebusuku. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukumelana nokushisa okuchaziwe, khona-ke ebusuku kuzokwanela ukuvula amafasitela neminyango, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ukuze kungabikho okubhaliwe.
Ukuthola izithombo eziqinile, izitshalo kuqala zidinga ukuhlinzeka ngokukhanya okwengeziwe, ngoba i-anyanisi-batun idinga isikhathi sasemini samahora ayi-14. Njengomthombo wokukhanya kokufakelwa, ungasebenzisa i-fluorescent, i-LED noma i-phytolamp. Idivaysi ekhanyayo engenhla kwezitshalo ihlelwe endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-25. Ngezinsuku zokuqala eziyi-3 ngemuva kokufaka isibani, akufanele icishwe, okuyinto edingekayo ukuze izitshalo zijwayele ukukhanyisa okunjalo. Ngemuva kwalokho umthombo uvuliwe futhi uvalwe ngendlela yokuthi unikeze ubude obufunayo bemini yosuku.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, u-anyanisi udinga ukukhanyiswa okwanele, ukuchelela nokondla
Isici esibalulekile ekunakekelweni kwezithombo ukunisela. Gxilisa ukutshala kaningi, kepha ngokulinganisa. Umhlaba akufanele wome, kepha umswakama omningi kakhulu akufanele uvunyelwe. Isonto ngemuva kokuhluma, ukugqokwa phezulu kwenziwa. I-Superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate, amagremu ayi-2,5 ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi, asetshenziswa njengezakhi zomsoco. Ngokushesha lapho kuvela iqabunga lokuqala leqiniso, kwenziwa izithombo ezinwebekayo, kusale isikhala esingu-3 cm phakathi kwezithombo.Izinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni evulekile, izitshalo ziyaqedwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungavula iwindi nomnyango, kancane kancane ukhulisa isikhathi somoya. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-3, ukutshala kukhipha umoya ovulekile, okokuqala usuku, emva kwalokho ungakushiya ubusuku.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini
Ngesikhathi sokutshala, izitshalo kufanele zibe nezimpande ezikhule kahle, amapheshana wangempela ayi-3-4 nesiqu esinoxhaxha olunamasentimitha angama-3-4 kwisisekelo. Isikhathi sokutshala ngalesi sikhathi imvamisa sinezinyanga ezi-2. Inqubo yokutshala izithombo ayilethi ubunzima. Iyabila kuze kube ukuthi endaweni ekhethiwe, izimbobo zembiwa ziye ekujuleni kuka-11 cm cm kubude obuyi-8 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye naphakathi kwemigqa engama-20 cm, emva kwalokho atshaliwe.
Izithombo zika-anyanisi zesithombo zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile lapho zinezinyanga ezimbili ubudala
Kunconywa ukuthi ungeze i-Zhumen encane yomlotha wezinkuni emgodini, ugcobe inhlabathi bese ubeka ihlumela ngokuqondile, lihlanganise umhlabathi. Ihlala emanzini futhi uthele ungqimba we-mulch 1 cm usebenzisa i-humus noma utshani.
I-mulch igcina umswakama enhlabathini futhi ivimbele ukukhula kokhula.
Ukutshala imbewu emhlabathini
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu esizeni kuzodinga ukulungiswa kwemibhede kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi
I-anyanisi-batun ithanda umhlaba ovundile onokusabela okuncane okune-acidic noma ukungathathi hlangothi. Kuyelulekwa ukukhetha inhlabathi elula ye-loam noma yesihlabathi. Izindawo ezinobumba obukhulu nezine-acidic, kanye nalezo ezitholakala ezindaweni eziphansi futhi zigcwele amanzi, azilungele ukutshala izilimo. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi, ungakhula u-anyanisi, kepha ngasikhathi sinye inani elikhulu lama-peduncle lakhiwa, okuthinta kabi isivuno.
Kungcono ukutshala isivuno ngemuva kwamazambane, iklabishi, i-zucchini, ithanga, futhi ngemuva komquba oluhlaza. Into esemqoka ukuthi umanyolo we-organic akufanele usetshenziswe ngaphansi kwezandulelo, lapho ukhula lungakhula khona. Akufanele utshale u-anyanisi-batun ngemuva kukagalikhi, ukhukhamba, izaqathe, futhi futhi emva k anyanisi, ngoba lokhu kuzoba negalelo ekwakhiweni kwamagciwane emhlabathini. Njengoba uhlobo lwe-anyanisi okukhulunywa ngalo lubhekisele ezitshalweni ezingapheli futhi lukhule endaweni eyodwa iminyaka emi-4, umbhede wengadi kufanele ulungiselelwe kahle ukuze usilime.
Inhlabathi yokutshala anyanisi ivundiswa ngezinto eziphilayo kanye nezimbiwa
Esiza esinomhlabathi we-acidic, isigamu sonyaka ngaphambi kokutshala, kwethulwa umlotha wezinkuni ongu-0.5 kg nge-1 m². Inhlabathi engeyinhle iyafakwa kumaviki amabili ngaphambi kokutshala nalezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- humus - 3-5 kg;
- superphosphate - 30-40 g;
- ammonium nitrate - 25-30 g;
- potassium chloride - 15-20 g.
Ngokuqondene nokulungiswa kwembewu, bakwenza ngendlela efanayo nalapho behlwanyela izithombo. Kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi imbewu efakwe emanzini idinga ukutshalwa kuphela enhlabathini enomswakama, ngaphandle kwalokho izomane ifele emhlabathini owomile.
Ukuhlwanyela izinsuku
Ukutshala izilimo emhlabathini ongavikelekile kuqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo bese kuphela ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
Ukutshala nokunakekela i-anyanisi-baton, kungakhathalekile isikhathi senqubo, akukho mehluko owenziwayo.
Njengoba uhlobo lwe-anyanisi okukhulunywa ngalo lilungele ukutshalwa ezimweni zesimo sezulu saseRussia, izinga lokushisa lomoya ngesikhathi sokugijima kwe-boom lingaba uhla + 10-13 ° C. Imifino iyakwazi ukubekezelela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kuya -4-7 ° C. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ukuhlwanyela imbewu kungenziwa ngokushesha lapho inhlabathi isifudunyeziwe.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwe-anyanisi-batun emhlabathini ovulekile kungenziwa ukusuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube maphakathi no-Agasti noma ngaphambi kobusika
Uma isiko selikhulile njengesitshalo saminyaka yonke, khona-ke imbewu ingahlwanyelwa ngokushesha, ngokushesha nje lapho kudlula amaqhubu amakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, umnqamulajuqu ungoMashi-ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Uma u-anyanisi elitshalwa njengengapheli, khona-ke imbewu itshalwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo noma ekwindla. Kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokutshala ekwindla, imifino iqala ukukhula entwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa lihlibilika nomoya wokuncibilikisa kwenhlabathi.
Ukuhlwanyela
I-anyanisi-batun embhedeni ihlwanyelwa emiseleni eyenziwe ngaphambili. Ungahambisana nohlelo lokutshala olulandelayo:
- ibanga phakathi kwembewu ngokulandelana kwe-10 cm;
- phakathi kwemigqa engama-20 cm;
- ukushumeka ukujula 3 cm.
Imbewu ngombhede ngamunye ihlwanyelwa ekujuleni kwama-3 cm, phakathi kwezimbewu eziyi-10 cm naphakathi kwemigqa engama-20 cm
Imbewu ingasakazeka ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuphumula osifunayo. Uma kufanele kube mkhulu, ukuthamba kuzodingeka. Yisebenzise lapho kuvela ishidi lokuqala langempela. Uma isivuno sitshalwe ekwindla, ukuthambisa kwenziwa ngonyaka olandelayo, lapho kuvela izithombo.
Ividiyo: ukuhlwanyela u-anyanisi emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukunakekelwa kwe-anyanisi
Izindlela eziphambili ze-agrotechnical ekunakekelweni kwe-anyanisi-baton ukuchelela, ukugqoka phezulu, ukutshala. Ukunisela isivuno kufanele kube okulinganiselayo, kanti imvamisa nevolumu kufanele kukhethwe ngokuya ngesifunda sakho, i.e., ngokuya ngesimo sezulu. Ngakho-ke, kwezinye izifunda kuzokwanela ukumanzisa umhlaba kanye ngesonto ngesilinganiso samalitha ayi-10 nge-1 m² yemibhede, kuyilapho kwezinye kungadingeka ukunisela kaningi - izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngesonto.
Ukhula lokuqala lwenziwa ukuze kunciphise ukutshala okuminyene, kusale u-6,5 cm phakathi kwezitshalo. Ngemuva kwalokho, inhlabathi esezindleleni iyathukululwa, okusiza ukwenza ngcono isivuno. Ngokuzayo, inqubo yokulima yenziwa ngemuva kokunisela nemvula.
Kuyadingeka ukusunduza umhlaba ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimali ezimpandeni zika-anyanisi osemncane.
Enye yezinqubo ezibalulekile ekunakekelweni u-anyanisi ukutshala, okunikeza ukukhula okungcono kwezitshalo.
Isimo esibalulekile sokuthola isivuno esihle ukwethulwa kwezakhi zomsoco. I-anyanisi bondliwa kaningana phakathi nenkathi. Ukondliwa kokuqala kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kusetshenziswa izinto eziphilayo (i-mullein 1: 8 noma ukumnika kokudonsa kwezinyoni 1:20). Kusetshenziswa umanyolo wamaminerali entwasahlobo inyanga eyodwa ngemuva kokukhula ekwindla izinsuku ezingama-30 ngaphambi kwamaqhwa. Njengomanyolo, kusetshenziswa i-potrateum nitrate, kusetshenziswa u-14 g nge-1 m². Ehlobo, ukufaka u-anyanisi, imibhede ingafafazwa kancane ngomlotha wezinkuni.
Ukutshala anyanisi wasentwasahlobo ubusika
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ebusika kuvame ukwenziwa ngoNovemba, lapho isimo sezulu esibandayo siqala ukungena futhi izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lehle lifinyelela ku-3- 32 ° C.
Ukutshala ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo kuyadingeka ukuze ugweme ukuhluma kwembewu ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo, ngaphandle kwalokho zimane zinyamalale.
Umbhede we-anyanisi u-pre-fertilised ngezinto ezinamaminerali nezinto eziphilayo. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- Imisele yenziwa ibe ngu-2 cm ukujula ngokuhlukaniswa imigqa engu-20 cm, imbewu ingcwatshwe kuyo futhi imbozwe ngomhlaba.
Imisele ngaphansi komnsalo yenziwa i-2 cm ukujula, phakathi kwemigqa ibanga kufanele libe ngu-20 cm
- Ukutshala izithombo zezihlahla nge-peat noma nge-humus, bese uxubana nomhlabathi.
- Isikhathi sobusika, umbhede onezitshalo umbozwe ngotshani noma ngamagatsha, futhi ungqimba lweqhwa.
Ingadi ebusika imbozwe ngamagatsha noma notshani
- Ukuze izithombo zivele ngokushesha entwasahlobo, ngo-Ephreli isigaba esigcwele u-anyanisi simbozwe ngefilimu.
Ukuphupha u-anyanisi uhlume ngokushesha, amboze umbhede ngefilimu
Ukufakelwa kwesiko
Isidingo sokufakelwa i-anyanisi kungaqhamuka ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, ngokwesibonelo, ukuze kukhululwe isiza sokutshala esinye isivuno noma ezinye izidingo. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, yize abanye abalimi bekwenza ngo-Agasti noma ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Ngokufakelwa, udinga ukukhetha isiza esifanele, lungiselela izimbobo, ugaye ngokucophelela izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu bese uzidlulisela endaweni entsha. Ukutshala kwesiko kufanele kwenziwe ezingeni elifanayo, i.e., ngaphandle kokujula nokuphakama. Lapho inqubo isiqedile, udinga ukumanzisa inhlabathi.
Ividiyo: indlela yokufakelwa i-anyanisi-batun
Lapho uhlakulela i-anyanisi-batun, kubalulekile ukulungiselela kahle imbewu nenhlabathi, kanye nokuhlwanyela ngokuhambisana nezincomo. Ukuze izitshalo zikhule futhi zikhule kahle, kuyadingeka ukuthi zinikeze ukunakekelwa okufanele, okuzokwenza ukuthi zithole imifino entsha isizini yonke.
