Iphayari ingenye yezithelo ezihola izithelo.
Namuhla, isici esibalulekile ekukhuleni lesi sihlahla ukulwa nokubandayo nezifo.
Ezihlukahlukene ezinjalo yi-pear tree "Century".
Ngemuva kokufunda incazelo yokunakekelwa kwalesi sihlahla, ungathola izivuno ezinkulu engadini yakho.
Umlando we-Inference
I-pear isithelo esitshala emithini nemithi yokuhlobisa, kanye nezitshalo zomndeni we-Pink. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-80 leminyaka ye-19, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezikhethwe yi-hybridization, eyanikezwa igama elithi "Ikhulu". Incazelo yomuthi nezithelo zawo akufani kakhulu nokujwayelekile.
Ososayensi be-Ural Research Institute bahlanganisa ukuhlwanyela okukhethiwe kwepeysi lika-Ussuri No. 41-16-1 kanye nensimu ephakeme yama-pear yesiko No. 143. Iqembu lababelethi liholwa u-Ericht Falkenberg, owafunda lesi sitshalo iminyaka engu-23: kusukela ngo-1984 kuya ku-2007. Lesi sithelo sikhula ema-Urals naseSiberia.
Njengoba isimo sezulu sinendima ebaluleke kakhulu ekutshalweni kwezithelo, kufanele uthole ukuthi ngabe iChizhovskaya, i-Lada, i-Bergamot, i-Talgar beauty, i-Duchess, i-Forest beauty, Inkumbulo ye-Yakovlev, i-Cathedral, i-Favorite Yakovlev, i-Veles, i-Rogneda, i-Children, i-Memory Zhegalov ifanele ukukhula esimweni sakho sezulu. Uju.
Incazelo yomuthi
Izinhlobonhlobo zamapareli "Ikhulu leminyaka" yi-sredneroslym nomuthi obusika-obunzima. Unomqhele ohlangene. Kuphikisana nezifo futhi kunezimpande ezijulile. Kulokhu, akufanele utshale umuthi eduze kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. 
Ukuphakama kwe-trunk kungafinyelela ku-6m, nobubanzi bomqhele - 5 m. Izinkuni ezinamahlathi zinezakhiwo ezincane nezokukhula. Emagatsheni ukhula amaqabunga ama-ovate, ahlelwe ngokuvunguza emigqeni eminingana. Isici sesici sokuthi ukwehlukana kwekhasi ngalinye elilandelayo elivela ngaphambili langama-45 degrees.
Uyazi? Abantu baseYurophu babhema amaqabunga aphakathi kwaze kwaba yilapho uColumbus engenisa ugwayi kuleli zwekazi.Umuthi we-pear uzoqala ukuthela izithelo eminyakeni emine emva kokutshala. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibhekene nezitshalo ezithela izithelo futhi ziveza izithelo ngonyaka ngamunye olandelayo.
Incazelo yezithelo
Izithelo zefomu elifanele eliphakathi kwe-pear zineziphuzi eziphuzi futhi zihlwitha ngokujulile kamuva. Isithelo sifinyelela usayizi omkhulu, futhi isisindo salo singaba ngu-260-400 g. Ngaphakathi kwepeyari kunomzimba omhlophe, ngokuthungwa kwamanzi, ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu kanye nephunga elimnandi elimnandi. 
Izidingo zokukhanyisa
Njengoba i-pear iyisihlahla esithandekayo, lapho utshala kuyadingeka ukubala indawo yayo kusayithi ngendlela yokuthi isithunzi sezakhiwo eziseduze noma ezinye izakhiwo aziwi kuso. Inani elingeziwe elangeni lingabangela isivuno esincane, kanye nokuvela kwamagatsha angalingani namagatsha phezulu kwesihlahla. Ngakho-ke, ukukhanyisa kunomthelela oqondile ekubunjweni komqhele kanye nemvelo yokukhula.
Kubalulekile! Entwasahlobo kuyadingeka ukugcoba isiqu se-pear ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubonakala kwezinambuzanePhakathi nenkathi yezimbali kanye nokwakhiwa kwezithelo ezintsha, umuthi we-pear udinga inani eliphakeme lokushisa kwelanga, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi isitshalo siqala ukuthela izithelo bese sithatha zonke izinto eziwusizo. Ukukhanyisa okwanele kungaholela ekuthuthukiseni ukukhula kwembali, kodwa nakwezinye izimo ezingalungile ezakhiweni zomqhele.
Izidingo zomhlaba
Ikhwalithi yenhlabathi lapho ipulazi ikhula khona ithinta ngqo amandla okukhula nokukhiqiza kwesihlahla. Uma kunesidingo sokugcina umswakama ka-30%, kufanele ube nesitshalo futhi sakhiwe. Ngokuqondene nodaka nomhlabathi oqoshiwe, unomthamo omkhulu wokumunca kwezulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho kusetshenziselwa umquba, ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo somhlabathi kuhlala kungashintshi.
Kumele futhi kuqaphele ukuthi inhlabathi enhlabathi enesihlabathi neyesihlabathi inekhono elimpofu lokuthatha amandla. Ukusetshenziswa kwesamba esikhulu semanyolo kuzofaka leaching of nutrients. Ekulweni kwenhlabathi okunjalo kuyadingeka ukwenza izingxenye. Njengoba ukukhula okujwayelekile kwezimpande zokhuni kubekezelela inhlabathi yanoma yiluphi uhlobo, hhayi ukubala isihlabathi nesigubhu. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi izinga lokunambitheka, ukunambitheka kanye nokuvuthwa kwesithelo kuxhomeke ekukhethweni kwenhlabathi.
Kubalulekile! Kubalulekile ukutshala ikhasi elilodwa kuze kube yilapho kushiya amaqabunga, ngesikhathi se-hibernation.Ngesinye isikhathi izithelo zinomzimba owomile, ukunambitheka okumuncu nokunciphisa impilo eshalofini. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umuthi ukhula enhlabathini enhlabathini. Kunengqondo ukusho ukuthi ukutshala akufanele kungatshala nhlobo emhlabathini oyinhlabathi. Ezingxenyeni zokukhula kanye nemvamisa ye-fruiting inomthelela omubi wokwethulwa kwamakhomikhali e-organic and mineral. Kudingeka kwenziwe eshisini eshisayo, ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuchelela okuvamile.
Ukuvota
Njengoba i-pear iyisitshalo se-cross-pollinated, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iqala imbewu encane futhi ikhulise izigameko zokungabi nenzalo. Esikhathini sendawo yezulu ye-pear ukukhula "Iminyaka Eyinkulungwane" yokuvota impova ngokusebenzisa izinambuzane ezifana nezinyosi.
Uyazi? Uju lwezinyosi ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa koju alusebenzisi neze-sting.Ukuze uthuthukise ukukhiqizwa kwamapheya, kubalulekile ukuheha izinambuzane ezidingekayo kwisakhiwo sakho. Ukuze ukwandise umsebenzi wezinyosi, kubalulekile ukususa izithiyo zokusabalalisa kwezimbali eziphakathi kwezinambuzane ukuze inambuzane ikwazi ukuthola i-nectar ngaphandle kokuvimbela.
Ukuheha izinyosi ukugqoka. Ukuze uyilungiselele, udinga ukuchitha 1 kg ushukela ku-1 litre lamanzi abilisiwe. Bese upholisa isiraphu ephumela ku-degrees angu-30 bese ufaka i-pear flower kuso. Nika ukugqoka ukuze uthole amahora angu-6 futhi ekuseni ubeke eceleni kwesihlahla lapho kudingeka khona ukuheha izinambuzane zokuvuthwa. Ungenza futhi izindlu ezikhethekile zezinambuzane bese uzigxilisa nxazonke zensimu. 
Fruiting
Lesi sitshalo sinesilinganiso esihle sokuqala, kodwa ukubonakala kokuqala kwesithelo esihlahleni kuzokwenzeka eminyakeni emine emva kokutshala lesihlahla futhi kuzobe sekulandela izithelo ngonyaka.
Uyazi? I-pear enkulu kunazo zonke yatshalwe eJapane. Isisindo sakhe sasingu-2.948 kg. Izithelo zenezelwe eGuinness Book of Records ngoNovemba 11, 2011.
Isikhathi sokubeletha
Njengoba i-pear yezinhlobonhlobo "Ikhulu leminyaka" iyisihlahla sekuvuthwa kwesikhathi, kungenzeka ukuba silungiselele inqubo yokuvuna ekuqaleni kuka-September. Impilo yesheluli yezithelo ezithathwe ngokushesha ifika ngenyanga.
Ubude besikhathi sokuvuthwa luyizinsuku ezingaba ngu-6-10. Kuncike ezimweni zesimo sezulu endaweni lapho umuthi ukhula khona. Ngakho-ke, lapho ihlobo selomile, izithelo ziyovuthwa ngokushesha, futhi kubanda kakhulu, ngokuphambene nalokho, kancane kancane. Emva kwalesi sikhathi, izithelo ezisele ezihlahleni zihlanjululwa futhi zibolile, uma zingasusiwe ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ukuthela
Isivuno somuthi owodwa we-pear singafinyelela 150 kg. Futhi ngokucabangela imvamisa yefruiting, isivuno sonyaka sika 200 c / ha singatholakala. Ngezinye izikhathi ngaphansi kwesisindo samagatsha omuthi okhulayo wezithelo. Ukuze ugweme lesi simo, kubalulekile ukubeka izakhiwo ezikhethekile ezizosekela amagatsha ngezithelo. Ngakho-ke, izithelo zizokwazi ukuvuthwa. Ungakwazi futhi ukubopha amagatsha omzimba ngamagatsha.
Ukuthutha nokugcina
Nakuba kuvuna kubonakala kulula, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezici ezihlobene nokuhamba nokugcinwa kwayo. Ngakho-ke, izithelo kufanele ziqoqwe esimweni sezulu esishisayo nangabe kungekho imvula. Kubalulekile ukuqala ngomuthi ophansi wesihlahla.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ekukhetheni izithelo eziminyene, futhi kuyadingeka ukhethe ikhasi elilodwa kanye nesitshalo, ukuze unganciphisi impilo yayo. Akudingekile ukusula i-wax yokuvikela yemvelo isithelo, futhi uthele isivuno ngaphezu kwesisodwa.
Ukuvuna kusuka ezindaweni ezikude, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi usebenzise i-stepsladder namathuluzi akhethekile ukukhetha izithelo ezivela emthini. 
Impilo yamashalofu yamapheya asanda kuthathwa ingenyanga eyodwa. Uma ufaka isithelo esiqandisini, khona-ke izinga lokushisa kwama-0-1 degrees lizohlala ezinyangeni ezingu-6, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izakhiwo zalo. Ikamelo elihloswe ukugcina isivuno kumele libe nempumelelo futhi lihlanzeke.
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
Izinkinga ezilandelayo lapho ukhula ngamapheya zivame kakhulu:
- Isikhumba yisifo ngenxa yalokho amabala amancane avela emaqabunga omuthi, ekhula kancane kancane ngobukhulu. Ukuqedwa kwalenkinga kuyinkimbinkimbi uma izihlahla zitholakala eduze, njengoba lokhu kuphazamisa inqubo yokuphuza umoya. Futhi, lesi sifo asiphazamisi amaqabunga kuphela, kodwa futhi nezithelo ngokwayo, eshiya amabala futhi aphezu. Ukuze uvimbele ukubonakala kwesikhumba, kuyadingeka ukuthi uphese isihlahla kanye nomhlaba oseduze ngenkinga ye-urea engu-7%.
- I-Gall mite iyinkimbinkimbi eyingozi yezitshalo. Kunganciphisa kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwesihlahla, okuzokwenza ukunciphisa inani lamahlumela amasha futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuholele ekunciphiseni isivuno. Ukuvimbela ukubukeka kwalezi zinambuzane, kubalulekile ukuphatha lesi sihlahla ngesisombululo samakhemikhali noma ukunikeza umjovo okhethekile.
- Ukugqwala. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokulimala emaqabunga, ukudweba i-orange. Lesi simo sithinta kabi ukumelana kwesihlahla kuzo zonke izifo. Isizathu salesi sifo singakhula imjunipha engadini, abathwali besifo. Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, kubalulekile ukucubungula umuthi ngezilungiselelo zezinto eziphilayo kanye namakhemikhali ngesikhathi sezimbali.
- I-mealy, njengomthetho, ihlasela amaqabunga amancane namahlumela, uwafake nge-bloom ezimhlophe futhi avimbele ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke, indawo ethintekile yomuthi ikhubazekile futhi idle.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane zamapheya, omunye kufanele futhi abize ama-leafworm, sawfly, inundu yokudoba, ama-moles, ama-aphid, i-aple beetle.
Noma kunjalo, amapheya alokhu okuhlukahluka abonakala ngokumelene nokukhwabanisa, ukushisa ama-bacterial kanye nama-pear gall.
Ukuphikiswa kwe-Frost
Njengoba i-"Century" ehlukahlukene yayibhalwe emngceleni we-Urals neSiberia, ibonakala ngokumelene neqhwa. Njengoba izinga lokushisa kule ndawo likwazi ukufinyelela amazinga angu-15 ngezansi zero, lesi sitshalo sivumelaniswa nezimo zezulu. Ikhono eliphezulu lokuvuselela liqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwezinso ngesikhathi seqhwa. Esigabeni samanje sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni nemikhiqizo yamaberry, kwenziwa izifundo ezihloswe ukutadisha ukuqina kwesithwathwa sezinsimu zezihlahla ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo
Njengoba amapheya aqukethe amavithamini amaqembu A, B, C, E, K, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuyasiza kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu. Isithelo sigcwele izinto eziphilayo eziphilayo futhi iqukethe i-iron, potassium, i-zinc, i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, i-calcium ne-sodium. Futhi, ilawulwa yi-fiber, engaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile komzimba womuntu.
Uyazi? Elinye ipeyari iqukethe 20% yemfuneko yansuku zonke ye-fibre, 6% we-potassium no-10% we-vitamin C.
Ngakho-ke, izithelo zingadliwa hhayi kuphela eziluhlaza, kodwa futhi zibilisiwe futhi ziphekwe ngamapayipi, zenze ujamu kanye nezithelo ezicandiwe, bese ziwasebenzisa njengokudla. Emithi yokwelapha, lesi sithelo sisetshenziswa njengesiluleko sokuqotshwa kanye ne-prostatitis.Amandla nobuthakathaka
Izinzuzo ze-pear, eqinisweni, azibandakanyi nje kuphela izakhi zalo eziwusizo zomzimba, kodwa nezimo ezilula ezikhulayo. Uhlelo lwempande elihle nokumelana nesithwathwa kwenza kube lula ukuvuna njalo. Ukungalungi ukuzithiba kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene. Lokhu kuhilela ukutshala i-pollinator ephumelelayo engadini.
Izinzuzo
- Ukuphikiswa kwe-Frost
- Ukuvunwa okuphezulu.
- Izifo zokuphikisa.
- Ukudla.
- Isikhathi eside sokuphila.
Kubalulekile! Akufanele udle ikhasi elilodwa elingenalutho futhi uphuze ngamanzi, ukuze ungadli umzimba.
I-Cons
- Isivuno sokuqala sizovela eminyakeni emine kuphela emva kokutshala lesihlahla.
- Ukuxhomekeka kwezimo zezulu ze-fruiting.
- Ukungabikho kwe-self-pollination.
