Amazambane asekude futhi ethatha indawo "yesinkwa sesibili". Ayikho umndeni wanamuhla emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke ongenza ngaphandle kwalesi sifo.
Ngendlu encane noma emasendeni, abaningi bazama ukukhulisa amazambane azenziwe.
Akumangalisi ukuthi, ngoba kunakho konke okukuhle, uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthengwa, ukunambitheka, akusetshenziswanga ngezindlela eziyingozi ukukhulisa ukukhula. Ikakhulukazi ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi ezifanele kulokhu.
Lapho ukhetha ezihlukahlukene zokutshala, ngamunye uqondiswa yizinqubo zabo. Kodwa kaningi, izici eziqakathekileko ziyimkhiqizo, i-agrotechnology elula nokungazitholi ekunakekeleni, ukulwa nezifo nezinambuzane, ikhwalithi yokugcina okuhle.
I-Potato izinhlobo ze-Gala inezinzuzo zonke..
| Igama leBanga | I-Gala |
| Isikhathi sokubeletha | Izinsuku ezingu-75-80 |
| Okuqukethwe kwesitashi | 14-16% |
| Izikhulu eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa | 100-140 gr |
| Inombolo yezilimo eziyizigaxa ehlathini | kuze kube ngu-25 |
| Ukuthela | kufika ku-700 kg / ha |
| Ikhwalithi yabathengi | ukunambitheka okuhle, uhlala ngokulinganisela futhi cishe awugugu umbala emva kokupheka |
| I-Recumbency | 85-90% |
| Umbala wesikhumba | ophuzi |
| Umbala we-Pulp | ophuzi |
| Izifunda ezikhulayo ezikhethiwe | lonke elaseRussia, noma iyiphi inhlabathi |
| Izifo zokuphikisa | ukujwayela izilonda nge-rhizoctoniosis |
| Izici zokukhula | ephendula kahle ukuchelela nokugqoka, izinsuku ezingu-10-12 ngaphambi kokuvuna kufanele kubekwe phezulu, lokhu kuzokwandisa impilo yeshalofu |
| Umsunguli | I-NORIKA GMBH (eJalimane) |
Izici zokukhetha
Amazambane aphuma eNingizimu Melika. Endaweni yethu, yaqala ukukhula ngokuzungezile phakathi kwekhulu le-XIX. Ngokuba umlando wokuzalanisa izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-11 zamazambane wavuswa.
I-Variety Gala yahlushwa ngabalimi baseJalimane njenge universal for ukulima kunoma yiziphi izimo inhlabathi kanye nesimo sezulu. Okusho ukuthi, amazambane kulezi ezihlukahlukene angatshalwa kunoma yisiphi isifunda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithole isivuno esihle, ukuphika okuhle kwezifo eziningi kanye nesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Indlela yokutshala izinhlobo eziningana zamazambane, funda lapha.
Ithebula elingezansi linikeza ulwazi ngomkhiqizo wezinye izinhlobo zakuqala:
| Igama leBanga | Ukuthela |
| I-Gala | Kusuka ku-hektare elingu-1 ungakwazi ukuqoqa ama-quintals angu-700. |
| Isikhulu somnyama | Kusuka ku-hektare elingu-1 ungakwazi ukuqoqa ama-quintals angama-100. |
| Nevsky | Kusukela ku-1 hektare bathola abantu abaphakathi kuka-400 kuya ku-600. |
| Darling | Kuvuna cishe abangama-480 angama-hektare. |
| Ramos | Kusukela ku-hektare elingu-1 kungaqoqwa kusuka kuma-370 kuya ku-420. |
| Taisiya | Kusukela ku-hektare eli-1 liqoqwe kusuka kuma-430. |
| Rodrigo | Amakhilomitha angu-450 ehektheleni. |
| Caprice | Amakhilomitha angu-350 kuya ku-600 ehektheleni. |
| Fantasy Red | Ungakwazi ukuqoqa kusuka ku-180 kuya ku-320 izilinganiso ngehektare. |
| Svitanok Kiev | 200-300 abaphakathi kwehektha ngalinye. |
| Gourmet | Amaphesenti angu-400 ehektheleni. |
I-Potato gala ingokwezihlobo ezinemizuzu ejwayelekile yokuvuthwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa.Uma udinga izinhlobo ezivuthwe ngokushesha noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sikumema ukuthi uzijwayele ngezici zazo ezingxenyeni ezifanele zesayithi. Sinikeza ukunakekelwa kwakho phezulu kanye nokuphuza okuvuthiwe izinhlobo zamazambane.
I-Potato cultivar Gala: incazelo nesithombe
Amazambane e-Gala ahlukaniswa njengezinhlobo zakuqala zakuqala, ukuvuthwa okugcwele kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-65 ㅡ ezingu-80.
Lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa zivame ukuhamba nge-oval ehamba phambili, enezinombolo ezincane zamehlo. Ikhasi liphuzi, ngaphakathi kwe-tuber nalo liphuzi. Isisindo sesilinganiso se-tuber eyodwa 70 ㅡ amagremu angu-120.
Igalari yesithombe segalari se-Potato Gala:
Le amazambane iyithebula. Inambitheka kakhulu. Lapho ukupheka kungapheli futhi akuguquki umbala. Ekubunjweni kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, inani elincane le-starch (12 ㅡ 14%) nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-carotene.
Ngenxa yesimo esifanele kanye nomonakalo omncane, amazambane aseGala afaneleka ukucubungula. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ze-Gala ziphikisana nomonakalo okwenziwa mechanical. Lokho kusiza ukuthutha futhi kwenza kube nokuvunwa okunomshini.
Ithebula elingezansi linikeza idatha yezinye izinhlobo eziphakathi kokuqala ukuqhathanisa:
| Igama leBanga | I-mass of nezilimo eziyizigaxa zempahla (amagremu) | I-Recumbency |
| I-Labella | 78-102 | 98% |
| Queen Anne | 80-150 | 92% |
| I-Tiras | 116-140 | 93% |
| I-Gypsy | 100-130 | 92% |
| I-Tuscany | 90-125 | 93% |
| Laura | 90-150 | 90% |
| I-Krone | 100-130 | 96% |
| Lilea | 100-200 | 90% |
| I-handsome | 90-165 | 97% |
| Natasha | 95-135 | 93% |
Ukulima nokugcina
Ukulima kwezolimo kulezi zihlukahlukene kulula. Izinto zokutshala zikhethiwe ezincane. Ukuze kuhlume kangcono, imbewu iyashisa> elangeni izinsuku ezingu-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukujula okukhulu kokutshala kungu-10-15 cm, kanti ibanga eliphakathi kwemigodi lingamamitha angama-75. Ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande kunconywa ukumbozwa kwamahlumela amancane nomhlabathi.
Izivuno ezinkulu zizuzwa ngokuchelela okuningi.. Kodwa uhlobo lomhlabathi kungaba yimuphi. Kuyasiza ukwenza umanyolo. Ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle, ukwanele ukondla amazambane ngesikhathi sesibili ukuqhuma, ungasebenzisa umquba emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokutshala.
Ngokuvamile emva kokutshala amahlumela avele cishe kanyekanye. Lesi sitshalo asikhulumi kakhulu. Izihlahla zokuphakama okuphakathi nama-semi-eziqondile ziqukethe. Kuwusizo ukucubungula amazambane amazambane ngezixazululo ezikhethekile ngokumelene nezinambuzane kanye nokuthuthukisa ukukhula.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokutshala amazambane. Sikulungiselele izihloko eziningi ezithakazelisayo mayelana nobuchwepheshe beDashi, amazambane akhula emasakeni nasemiphongolweni.
Kubalulekile. 10 ㅡ izinsuku ezingu-12 ngaphambi kokuvuna, susa iziqongo. Lokhu kuzokwandisa impilo yeshalofu yezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Izinhlobo ze-Gala zigcinwa kahle ebusika. Kuze kube ngu-90% wezitshalo zezimpande, ngokukhetha kahle indawo nokudala izimo ezithile, uhlale kuze kube sehlobo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-Potato Gala imelana nezifo eziningi futhi anqobe i-Colorado bezambane beetle. Awukwazi ukuthola umdlavuza, isikhumba, i-Fusarium, i- Verticilliose, i-Alternaria.
Abaningi abasengozini yokulimala yi-rhizoctoniosis. Lesi sifo sefungal sithinta isiqu engxenyeni engezansi kanye nezimpande. Kungcono ukuhambisana nezinyathelo zokuvimbela isifo. Okusho ukuthi, ukucubungula ngezikhathi ezithile iziqu ezinamalungiselelo akhethekile.
Kubuye kudingeke ukuthi uhlolisise njalo amahlumela amazambane ukuze kube khona amaqabunga asontekile. Ukuphikisana kubangelwa igciwane. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zasemahlathini athintekayo zingadliwa, kepha akufanele zisetshenziswe njengezimbewu, ukuze zingafaki igciwane.
Ngezinye izikhathi ukulimala okuphelile kuvela kumazambane. Kungcono kakhulu ukuphatha izindlela ezikhethekile zokwelapha.
Uma kuphakama izinkinga, ukupompa ngokusebenzisa ama-fungicides, ukubulala ukhula kanye nezinambuzane kuzosiza.
I-Potato izinhlobo zeGala ezifanele ukutshala kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi. Inikeza isivuno esihle, esiningi.. Inezici ezinhle kakhulu zokunambitheka.
Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezifo eziningi. Kulula ukunakekelwa futhi kufanelekile ukulima kanye nezilinganiso zezimboni kanye nemibandela yokunikeza. Sizokujabulela ukuvuthwa kokuqala kanye nokuphila kwesikhathi eside.
Naphezu kokumelene okuhle kwezinto ezihlukahlukene ekunqothulweni kwe-Colorado amazambane beetle, ungathola ulwazi oluwusizo ngezinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokulwa nalo.Funda konke mayelana namakhambi omuntu namakhemikhali.
Imithi ephumelela kakhulu yilezi:
- Aktara.
- I-Regent
- Corado.
- Ubukhosi.
Siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayele nezinye izinhlobo zamazambane anemigomo ehlukile yokuvuthwa:
| Ukukhula kokuqala | Phakathi nonyaka | Ukuvuthwa kwesikhashana |
| League | I-giant | Nikulinsky |
| Milena | Yanka | I-Asterix |
| Elmundo | Ubunkungu bukaLilac | Ikhadineli |
| Serpanok | I-Openwork | Slavyanka |
| Ibhodlela | Desiree | I-Rocco |
| Rosana | Santana | Ivan da Marya |
| Artemis | I-Tuscany | Picasso |
