Ukutshala ugwayi ekhaya

Ugwayi awunzima ukukhula, ukwazi izimfihlo ezithile. Kuyoba nzima nakakhulu ukusetshenziselwa ukuvuna ngemuva kokuvuna.

Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuthi singakhula kanjani futhi sibheke ugwayi ekhaya.

Izinhlobo zikagwayi zokulima ekhaya

Cabanga ngezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zogwayi ngokubhema, okutshalwa kuwo kulula ukuwasebenzisa ekhaya:

• "Trapezond" - ukumelana nezifo. Inkathi ekhulayo iyifushane - emva kwezinsuku eziyi-100 ngemuva kokutshala, amaqabunga angaqoqwa.
• "Virginia" - isigaba sokuvuthwa sokuqala esiqoqa amandla kanye nephunga. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi izifo ziphikisana futhi zibekezelela izimo zezulu ezimbi. Amaqabunga aqukethe inani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate.
• "Ostrolist" - kukhona i-nicotine encane kunezinye izinhlobo. Isikhathi sokuvusa - kufika ezinsukwini ezingu-120.
• "IJubile" - ukuvuthwa kwezitshalo ezinsukwini ezingu-80 ngemuva kokuduka. Ukulwa nezifo eziningi.
• "Samsun" - ukukhula okuhlukahlukene ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-110. Ingabe ukukhiqiza okuphezulu - isitshalo esisodwa singanikeza amashidi angu-50.
• "Dubeck" - Lezi zihlukahlukene zivela eTurkey. Kufanelekile ukutshala ezindaweni ezifudumele kakhulu.
• "Ugwayi wezwe" - ukumelana nesithwathwa. Ingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile noma kwi-loggia noma iwindi.

Uyazi? Ugwayi ungowomndeni we-nightshade. Izihlobo zakhe zingamazambane kanye nepelepele.

Ukukhula

Cabanga indlela yokutshala ugwayi ekhaya. Okokuqala kudingeka uhlume imbewu, ukhule izithombo bese ulungisa inhlabathi.

Ukulungiswa komhlaba

Izwe elinomhlabathi elivundile libhekwa njengendlela engcono kakhulu yokukhula kwegwayi. Izithombo zikhula kahle ku-greenhouse. Umhlabathi ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu ulungiselelwe, ukuhlanza ukhula. Futhi ubuyekeze ungqimba obunomzimba ngobuningi be-sand (10 cm) (izingxenye ezine) kanye nama-humus (izingxenye ezintathu).

Ukuhluma kwembewu

Imbewu isetshenziswe kangcono kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, cishe izinsuku ezingu-4 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kufanele zifakwe emanzini afudumele ngendwangu. Kunconywa ukuthi wengeze i-tartaric acid noma i-nitrate ye-potassium bese ushiya usuku. Ngenxa yalokhu, imbewu ihluma ngokushesha, futhi yandisa isivuno. Emva kwalokho, imbewu ihlanjululwa, isuse amanzi amaningi, futhi ifaka endaweni efudumele ukuze ikhule. Sebenzisa izitsha ezihlanganisiwe, ezingavunyelwe ukumboza. Indwangu kumele imiswe njalo ngezikhathi ezithile. Cishe ngosuku lwesine, imbewu iqala ukuyihlaba. Qinisekisa ukuthi ihlumela ayilona isikhathi eside kunembewu - angawaphula. Ngemva kokuba iningi lembewu isetshenzisiwe, zomile endaweni ekhungathekile, ixubene nesihlabathi esihle noma ama-humus.

Kubalulekile! Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuhlwanyela imbewu ehlumekile ngokushesha, khona-ke ingagcinwa izinsuku ezingu-1-2 esiqandisini ekushiseni kwe-1-2 ° С.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu

Imbewu eseyivele ihluma, kunconywa ukuba isetshenziselwe izithombo ezikhulayo zikagwayi. Zingatshalwa ezimbizeni bese zifaka emafasiteleni efulethini. Noma uhlwanyele endaweni yokushisa.

Le nqubo ilandelayo:

1. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kuyadingeka ukuba uhambise isendlalelo esiphezulu usebenzisa i-litre lamanzi ngamamitha wesikwele ngasinye.
2. Imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe ngokungajwayelekile. Kubalulekile ukuhlakaza ngokulinganayo - 4 g ngehora elilodwa lesikwele.
3. Okulandelayo, udinga ukusibeka ngobumnene imbewu enqoleni yomzimba cishe ngo-3 mm.
4. Khona-ke kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuchelela. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze imbewu ingabi kakhulu emhlabathini.
5. Ukushisa ku-greenhouse akufanele kudlule 20 ° C.

Izithombo ezikhulayo

Izithombo ezikhulayo, kufanele umnakekele:

• Izithombo ezivame ukuvuthwa kufanele zifakwe isisombululo se-superphosphate (50 g), usawoti we-potassium (20 g) kanye ne-ammonium nitrate (30 g) ehlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi - amalitha amabili oketshezi kufanele asetshenziswe ngamamitha ayi-1 square;
• Ungaphinde ukondle amahlathi ngezinkukhu ezikhukhulayo ezidinga ukuhlanjululwa ngamanzi 1: 7;
• manzi izitshalo kufanele zihlale njalo, njengoba inhlabathi imile, isebenzisa amalitha amane amanzi ngalunye imitha eyi-1;
• cishe izinsuku ezingu-7 ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha, ukunciphisa imvamisa yokuchelela. Futhi izinsuku ezingu-3, ​​i-hydration ivaliwe;
• ukhula kufanele lususwe nxazonke ezihlahleni;
• Ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha, kunconywa ukuba uchithe izithombo ngobuningi - ngenxa yalokhu kuyoba lula ukuwususa emhlabathini.

Izithombo zekhwalithi kufanele zibe nesitshalo esinqumayo esingaphuli ngesikhathi sokubuthwa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-45, lapho amahlumela efinyelela emasentimitha angu-15 ukuphakama futhi kuzoba namaqabunga amaningana eqiniso kuwo, angafakwa emhlabathini.

Ukufakelwa

Ukushisa koqweqwe olungenhla lomhlaba (10 cm) lokufakelwa ugwayi emhlabathini ovulekile akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka -10 ° C.

Uhlelo lokutshala:

1. Kudingekile ukwenza izimbobo ezincane, zihambela ibanga phakathi kwazo ezingaba ngu-30 cm, naphakathi kwemigqa - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-70 cm.
2. Emgodini ngamunye kumele uthululwe cishe 1 litre amanzi.
3. Isitshalo ngasinye ngaphambi kokutshala sinconywa ukuba siphuze sibe yingxube yobumba nomquba wezinkomo.
4. Khona-ke lezi zitshalo zifakwa ngokucophelela emgodini, zigcina i-clock earthy lapho ikhula khona.
5. Ngokuqhubekayo siwalala nomhlaba, sithinta kancane.

Ukunakekela

Ugwayi awudingi ukunakekelwa okuqondile. Kodwa nokho kuyadingeka ukumnakekela.

Ukunisela

Phakathi nonyaka wonke okhulayo, ugwayi uswakanyiswe izikhathi ezingaba ngu-3, ​​besebenzisa cishe amalitha ayisithupha amanzi emhlathini. Isifundo sokubaluleka kuyadingeka ekubukeni kwezitshalo: amaqabunga aphuzi namagatsha amancane abonisa ukuthi kudingeka adonswe.

Kubalulekile! Akudingekile ukuphuza ugwayi njalo, ngoba ungase ufe ngenxa yomswakama omkhulu.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10 emva kokufika emhlabathini, kubalulekile ukondla ugwayi ukuze ukwazi ukwandisa umthamo ohlaza. Kulokhu kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise i-urea - 1 tbsp. l lihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi futhi yanisela izitshalo empandeni. Futhi ungakwazi ukutshala inkukhu yezinkukhu.

Phakathi nokuvuthwa kwegwayi, kubalulekile ukukhiqiza izithako ezintathu usebenzisa umanyolo onomqondo ophezulu we-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Ngesikhathi sokuqala bafaka izitshalo ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ukudla okulandelayo kuqhutshwa izinsuku ezingu-15 kamuva, kanti kwezinsuku ezintathu-7 emva kwesibili.

Njengokugqoka okuphezulu, ungasebenzisa i-banana ikhasi, inambuzane, imvubelo, i-ammonia, i-boric acid, i-iodine, ikhasi le-anyanisi, ikhasi lezambane, amaqanda amaqanda, amasondo.

Ukudubula

Ukucwilisa ugwayi kufaka ukuchofoza nokugcoba.

Upscale - Lokhu kususwa kwe-inflorescences. Ngenxa yalezi zondlo ngeke zisetshenziswe ngezimbali, futhi zizoqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa kwamaqabunga.

Ngemuva kokukhipha izimbali, izinqubo ezengeziwe ze-lateral ziqala ukukhula ngamandla. Kumele futhi zisuswe (ukuchofoza).

Izifo nezinambuzane

Lesi sitshalo singalimaza noma sithinteke yizinambuzane:

• I-thrips - lezi zinambuzane zidla amaqabunga, okuyingozi kakhulu kugwayi. Ukuze kuvikelwe ukubonakala kwe-thrips, kubalulekile izinsuku ezingu-30 ngaphambi kokutshala ugwayi, ukuphatha umhlabathi nge-Hexachlorane uthuli. Kanti futhi izikhathi ezingu-3 ngonyaka kufanele zicutshungulwe ezihlahleni "Rogor" noma "Metiation";
• I-aphid - ukukhishwa okunamathelayo kuvela emahlathini. Ukulwa nale nkathazo kuyadingeka "Rogor" noma "Aktellik";
• izimpande zitshalo - izithombo zigula kakhulu, kepha izihlahla ezindala zingathinteka. Amaqabunga abuna futhi asomile, futhi izimpande ziyafa uma lesi sifo sinakekelwa. Kudingekile ukuwazisa umhlaba nge "Benlat" ezimpawu zokuqala zesifo. Futhi ekuvimbeleni inhlabathi kuphathwa ngale mithi ngokushesha emva kokutshala ugwayi;
• umlenze omnyama - i-stem eyinhloko isincane futhi ifa. Lesi sifo sibonakala emswakeni ophezulu futhi ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen emhlabathini. Ukuvimbela izithombo ezifafazwe ngesisombululo se-80% "Zineba";
• i-powdery isikhutha - i-white scurf ibonakala emaqabunga, amaqabunga aphendukile futhi iphunga lawo lilahlekile. I-sulfur yama-colloidal iyasiza ngalesi sifo;
• i-mosaic - umbala wamaqabunga, izinguquko ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka zivela kubo. Khona-ke izindawo ezithintekile ziyafa. Isizathu sokutheleleka yizinto ezisele ezitshalweni ezingasuswanga ngaphambi kokutshala ugwayi. Lesi yisifo segciwane esingenayo ikhambi, ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezithathelwanayo kufanele zibhujiswe futhi inhlabathi kufanele ikhunjulwe i-disinfected.

Uyazi? Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, odokotela banxusa abesifazane abakhulelwe ukuba bashunqume ukuze bangabi nesisindo esiningi.

Ukuvuna

Kudingeka ukuvuna kusuka emaqabungeni aphansi. Kumelwe ukuba wonke, omile futhi ophuzi. Kudingeka basakaze ngaphansi koqweqwe lwaphahla lwama-30 cm bese ulinda amahora angu-12. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze amaqabunga aphikwe. Khona-ke kudingeka badonswe ezintanjeni bese bexoshwa ukuze bayomise endaweni lapho umoya ungaqhume khona futhi ungadli, kodwa kuyoba nokukhanya okuningi. Imisebe yelanga ilisiza ukukhuphuka umswakama kusuka emaqabunga.

Lokhu kungadlulela kwamasonto amabili. Okulandelayo, igqoke lamagqabi asomile kufanele liboshwe kane futhi lilinde kwi-hook-port. Khona-ke lezi zakhiwo kufanele zifakwe emagcekeni okugcoba ekamelweni ukuze amaqabunga aphume. Ekubeni, amaqabunga ogwayi omile kumele ahlanganiswe ukuze athole zonke izintambo.

Ukulungiselela ugwayi ukusebenzisa

Cabanga ngendlela yokugaya ugwayi ekhaya. Le nqubo yenziwa ukuze unike iphunga elikhethekile lokubhema. Ukwenza lokhu, amaqabunga owomile kufanele afakwe esitsheni esikhethekile futhi aphakamise izinga lokushisa libe ngu-50 ° C, nomswakama - kuze kube ngu-65%. Ngakho amaqabunga kufanele abe nezinsuku ezintathu.

Ngokuqhubekayo phakathi nesonto, umswakama kufanele ukhuliswe ku-75%, futhi izinga lokushisa kufanele lihlale lifanayo. Khona-ke, izinsuku ezingu-2, izinga lokushisa kufanele linciphise, futhi umswakama kufanele ukhuliswe ku-80%. Ukuqedela - ukupholisa amaqabunga ukushisa okukhulu, kanti umswakama kufanele ube ngu-15%.

Ngemuva kwezinqubo, amaqabunga adinga ukulala izinsuku ezingu-30. Khona-ke ziyakwenziwa zibe yimichilo ye-0.5 mm. Ukuze ugcwalise ugwayi ngobude buka 8 cm nobubanzi buka 8 mm, 1 g kagwayi iyadingeka.

Njengoba uqonda, ugwayi okhulayo awunzima. Into esemqoka ukuba nesifiso nokugcina imithetho yokunakekelwa kwalesi sitshalo.