Irises: kokwehla, ukunakekelwa

U-Iris ungowomndeni kaKatatikov. Ikhula yonke indawo futhi inezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu ayisikhombisa. Igama livela esiGrekini futhi lisho ukuthi “uthingo”. Ukhule iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili. Izingadi, izikebhe, amapaki, izikwele, izindlu zangasese zasehlobo zihlobisa imbali. Imibono yamakha amakha enziwe isitshalo.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo

I-"Iris" yigama elijwayelekile lezitshalo ezinesitho sokusakazeka esinama-axis kanye nesibungu esikhulu. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zingamahlumela aqweqwe.

Akukho ukwahlukaniswa kwendawo kwale mibala. E-Russia, i-rhizomatous ithathwa njenge-irises yangempela, futhi iyinqwaba emhlabeni wonke.

Zonke izinhlobo zilingana nencazelo ejwayelekile: U-Iris une-peduncle yonyaka ene-bud enkulu equkethe iphunga elimnandi. Amatafula amancanyana ambozwe ngentambo ye-wax. Kunezimbali eziyisithupha ezimbalini, ezihlelwe ngemigqa emibili: ezintathu zazo zigoqa ngaphandle, ezingaphakathi ziphakanyiselwe phezulu edome.

I-Rhizome

Ahlukaniswe ngentshebe futhi angenantshebe. Abakhethi ekuhambeni, bakhuthazela ngesizotha izinhlaka zoMkhandlu WaseMoscow nakwezinye izindawo zezwe. I-Bearded ihlukaniswa ngama-subspecies: iSiberia, i-spuria, isiJapane, iLouisiana.

Izinhlobo ezikhula kancane zifinyelela amasentimitha angama-25 ukuya ku-35 (Canadian Gold). Amanani aphakathi nendawo akhula ngamasentimitha angama-50 (Blue Stakatto, Burgomaster, Kentucky Derby, Kilt Ailt). Kude - izitshalo ezinkulu kunazo zonke, ubude bethafa leqabunga bufika kumasentimitha angama-70 (i-Arkady Raikin, iBeverly Hills, iSultan).

I-Bulbous

Izitshalo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu: i-iridodictium, i-xyphium ne-juno. Uhlobo lwesibili luhlanganisa izinciphiso eziyisithupha. Abafuyi bayaziwela bese izalela izinhlobo ezintsha zezimbali. Ngale ndlela, kwenziwa amaNgisi, amaDashi, ama-Spanish hybrid irises. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu:

I-Iridodictium mesh;
U-Irises Vinogradova;
Dunford;
I-Kolpakovsky;
Okuxubile;
Bukhara;
Kuhle;
Greberianovsky;
Amadada enentshebe.

Umugqa wombala we-efihlekile uhlukile futhi kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo. Ama-Irises yi-burgundy, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-lilac, ephuzi namanye amathoni. Bazohlobisa le ndawo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezwe, bayakwazi ukuthatha izimpande kunoma iyiphi imvelo.

Umehluko ngokulunga nokuzilungiselela

Ukutshala nokunakekela ama-irises endaweni evulekile kuyahlukahluka ezinhlotsheni:

Ipharamitha	I-Rhizome	I-Bulbous
Indawo	Musa ukubekezelela ukushisa ngokweqile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifudumele, zikhulele emthunzini. Ukukhanya kwelanga ngokweqile kubangela ukuthi amacembe awa. Izitshalo ezithanda ukukhanya. Kutshalwe kude nebanga lehafu yemitha ukusuka komunye nomunye.	Khetha ukushisa nokukhanya kwelanga. Kulapho kuphela ukudala izimo ezinhle zokukhula kuzoqhakaza isikhathi eside.
Inhlabathi	Umhlaba awuthathiwe mnene, kuyadingeka ukufaka i-peat noma isihlabathi kuwo. Nge-subicate ene-acidic, i-iris inika imifino, kepha ayiqhakaza. Izimpande zivame ukubola. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukubeka ungqimba lwamanzi.	Inhlabathi evundile evundile.
Ukunisela	Uthando lwezinhlobonhlobo. Ukunisela kwenziwa njalo futhi kaningi. Inhlabathi kumele ihlale inomswakama. I-Bearded iris idinga ukunisela okuningi kusihlwa kuphela ngenkathi yezimbali.	Kunenkathi yesikhathi. Uma isimo sendawo simanzi, inani lokunisela liyancishiswa.
Umanyolo	Bondliwa isonto ngaphambi kokutshala. Izingxube zeNitrogen ziyanconywa. Awukwazi ukweqisa imbali. Umquba awuvunyelwe.	Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwethulwa ngesikhathi kusungulwa ama-inflorescences (phakathi kwamahlamvu abonakalayo). Kunconywa ukusebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali. Umquba awukwazi ukusetshenziswa.
Isikhathi	Ama-Buds avela ngoMeyi. Bamba kuze kube maphakathi no-June. Ngo-Agasti-Septhemba bangahle baphinde bavele.	Izimbali zihlala izinyanga ezimbalwa: ukusuka maphakathi noMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni. Ukufiswa kwenziwa ngoSepthemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.

Ukufakelwa

Izinhlobo zeRhizome zitshalwa entwasahlobo. Inhlabathi ikhethiwe i-aires, ihlanganiswe nezinto eziwusizo, ezinamafutha. Okuqukethwe komswakama komhlaba kukhethwa ngawodwana (kususelwa ku-subspecies):

I-Bearded ifakwe emithambekeni ifomatiwe. Kudingeka imfucuza enhle yemvula namanzi ancibilikayo.
AbaseSiberia kanye nemashi bakhetha indawo emanzi, enomthunzi. Isibonelo, echibini, echibini, emanzini asemuva.

Umhlaba wembiwa ngaphambi kokutshala, uphathwa ngezidakamizwa ezilwa nezinambuzane eziyingozi futhi ngenhloso yokunciphisa ukukhula kotshani obhula. Nge-acidity ekhulayo yenhlabathi, ihlanganiswa nomlotha, ushoko, i-powder eyaziwayo.

Isinyathelo sokutshala kwezinhlobo zezimbali:

bambe umgodi onamaqhubu esifundeni esimaphakathi;
inqubo ephakathi ibekwe egqumeni, izimpande zisatshalaliswa ezinhlangothini;
impande enkulu imbozwe ngomhlaba, isihlabathi sibekwa phezulu, konke kunciphisiwe;
i-rhizome ayijule ngokujulile, eduze nongqimba lomhlabathi ongaphezulu;
izinso eliphakathi alilali.

Ukutshala kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-anyanisi kwenziwa ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa noma ekwindla ngaphambi kweqhwa. Ukushisa kwenhlabathi kungaphansi kwamadigri ayishumi ngaphezu kwe-zero. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-bulbs ayafa. Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

kubiwa indawo encane ebanzi, ende, ama-bulbs abekwa lapho amasentimitha amathathu kuya amane;
ukujula okuphelele kokufika kungamasentimitha ayi-10-12;
inhlabathi eyembiwe ixutshwe nesihlabathi, amalahle impuphu, i-superphosphate ephindwe kabili;
imisele ishibilikiswa ngesisombululo se-potasium permanganate, eniselwa nge-stimulator yokukhula (ngokwesibonelo, iKornevin);
ama bulb afakwa emiseleni enesithombo sokuya ezulwini, hhayi ekujuleni, kude nge-15 cm amasentimitha;
inhlabathi ebunjiwe ngaphambili nexutshwe ithululelwa ngaphezulu, inyathela kancane;
ukuchelela kwenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezinama-bulbs amancane akufanele zingcwatshwe kakhulu. Kwanele kathathu ukuphakama. Ukubhaliswa okunjalo kunciphisa umswakama.

Ukunquma nokudlulisa izinhlobo zobuningi bezimbali

Kunconywa ukufakelwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngoMashi-Ephreli. Izitshalo eziqinile nezinempilo kuphela ezitshalwe kabusha ezingakwazi impela ukumpande endaweni entsha.

Ama-Irises akhishwa enhlabathini futhi ahlukaniswe ngamasheya, ukuze ngamunye wabo abe neqabunga leqabunga. Imisipha ethe xaxa nezimpande ezonakele ziyanqunywa. Indawo elimele ilashwa ngamalahle ngenani elincane le-sulfuric acid. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zifakwe emanzini isigamu sehora kusixazululo se-potanganum permanganate ye-disinfection.

U-Irises udluliselwa emiseleni engaxutshwe noma kwizimbobo ezikude kwamasentimitha angama-50-60. Kuyadingeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngaphandle kwayo, izimbali ziba zimbi kakhulu, ama-buds mancane. Ngokulungiswa okufanele, lesi sitshalo sikhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke udinga ukusifaka ngonyaka wesine noma wesihlanu.

Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, zonke iziqu ezibambe ihlumela ziyalungiswa. Ngenyanga edlule ehlobo, kususwa u-1/3 wobude bamapuleti amaqabunga.

Izici zesitoreji se-Bulb

Ebusika, ama-irises kufanele abiwe ukuze angaboli. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela yonke imithetho nezimfuneko zesitoreji ukuze ama-bulbs angaqali ukubola.

Amakati ambewe amasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza (lapho eqala ukubuna futhi aphuzi aphuzi). Uma indawo yokutshala ama-irises inesimo sezulu esifudumele nesomile, angashiywa emhlabathini ihlobo lonke. Izimo zokugcina zazo zonke izinhlobo ziyefana.

Izinhlamvu ezembiwe zibulawa magciwane kwikhambi le-potassium permanganate noma kwimikhiqizo ethengiwe (Maxim Dachnik, Fundazol). Ngemuva kwalokho, zoma amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. Ukushisa kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo:

ama-xyphiums - + 30-35 degrees;
ama-iridodictiums nejuno - + 20-25 degrees.

Ezinsukwini zokugcina zomile, izinga lokushisa lehlela ku + 15-18. I-Iris igcinwe egumbini elomile, elibandayo, elinomoya opholile (umoya omncane ungashintshwa ngamafasitela avulekile, amawindi).

Ama-bulbs akufanele abekwe emasakeni epulasitiki noma ezindwangu.

Izici Zokuphindaphindeka

Ukuzalela u-Irises:

isizungu;
izinqubo;
imbewu.

Indlela yokugcina yinde futhi inzima. Isibonelo, lapho zizalaniswa nge-rhizome, izimbali zizovela ngonyaka olandelayo, futhi uma zisakazwa ngembewu, ngemuva kweminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu.

Ngokuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla, i-iris kufanele iqhume okungenani kanye. Ngemuva kwalokhu, izinqubo zokutshala zihlukaniswa nesitshalo somama. Ukhula lwendlela yokubumba kufanele lwenziwe kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-Ephreli endaweni enomithunzi enezimo zokugcina ukushisa.

Uma, noma kunjalo, kwathathwa isinqumo sokutshala imbewu ye-irises, lokhu kwenziwa ngokulandelayo:

ekwindla, izinto zokutshala zihlwanyelwa esitsheni esinomhlabathi wesihlabathi;
imbiza imbozwe ngopulasitiki noma ngengilazi;
indawo yokukhosela iyahlanzwa nsuku zonke, kuqedwe ukuqothuka;
Ngentwasahlobo, lapho imbewu iqhuma, kufanele idalwe futhi itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.

Izinyanga ezinhle kunazo zonke zomhlaba nguMashi no-Ephreli. Izithombo ziba namandla futhi zinezimpande kahle.

Izifo

U-Iris uthinteka izifo ezahlukahlukene ngokunakekelwa okungafanele. Ngokuqukethwe okungahambi kahle, ukutheleleka ngefungal kanye negciwane kuyavela:

Lesi sifo	Incazelo	Izindlela zomzabalazo
UMose	Ama-aphid ayacasulwa. Imivimbo epathological ivela eluhlaza okotshani, ibala amasayizi ahlukahlukene nobukhulu obuphuzi. Amapuleti amaqabunga 'aqhekeka', agxotshwe. I-Pathology isakazeka ngokushesha.	Lesi sifo siyatheleleka ngokwemvelo, izindlela ezisebenzayo zokubhekana naso azikho. Ukuze uvimbele ukwenzeka, ukuvimbela kuyadingeka: gcina yonke imithetho yokunisela, vundisa isitshalo. Esitolo kunconywa ukuthenga amalungiselelo ezinambuzaneni ezinambuzane futhi sisebenzisane nazo ngezimbali: Actellik, Confidor. Uma i-iris isasishaya lesi sifo, khona-ke amaqabunga athelelekile kufanele abhujiswe ngokushesha.
Ukubola kwegciwane	Amabala amabala ansundu aluhlaza okotshani. Lesi sifo sitholakala entwasahlobo ngemuva kobusika. Kuthukutheliswa ukukhululeka kwama-rhizomes, umswakama onamandla womhlabathi, ukutshala okuseduze, kanye nokuntuleka kwe-calcium ne phosphorus endaweni engaphansi.	Amaqabunga athintekile kumele adabule, indawo elimele kufanele iphathwe ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate. Uma i-pathology ithinte isitshalo kakhulu, khona-ke kuzodingeka ukuthi ibhujiswe, inhlabathi kufanele ihlaselwe ngama-antibacterial agents athengiwe (Maxim, Fitolavin).
Ukubola okumpunga	Kuyathinta amaqabunga noma uhlelo lwezimpande. Imvamisa, lesi sifo senzeka ngenxa yokuqina komswakama emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, i-iris idinga ukudonsa okuhle (ngaphandle kwezinhlobonhlobo zemashi). Isizathu futhi ukuntuleka kwezakhi enhlabathini.	Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngama-fungicides (Trichophytum, PhytoDoctor, Fitosporin, Mikosan). Ngesimo se-pathological esinganakiwe, ama-irises ayabhujiswa.

Izinambuzane

Izimbali kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zihlaselwa yilezi zinambuzane ezilandelayo:

Inambuzane	Incazelo	Izindlela zomzabalazo
Scoops	Ubhabhathane wosuku lwenkanyezi. Idla ukuqala kwesiqu sombala. Lesi sitshalo siba nsundu, siphuzi ngokugula, kancane kancane sife. Lesi sinambuzane sibonisa ukuvusa ukwenzeka kwe-bacteriosis. Ungayibona ngeso lenyama.	Ukwelashwa nguKarbofos, Decis, Arrivo. Kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokuhwalala.
Intombazane yezimbali ye-Iris	Ngaphandle kufana nempukane ejwayelekile. Iyondla kuma-buds angenakuphikiswa. Imbali iqala ukubola.	Kucutshungulwe yi-Actellic, Actara.
Ama-Thrips	Encane ngosayizi kodwa iyingozi kakhulu. Izinambuzane kuqala ukushaya imifino, emva kwalokho bathuthela izimbali. Ama-buds alimele futhi angavuli.	Ungasusa inkathazo ngokuphatha insipho yasendlini ngama-karbofos, izidakamizwa ezinoshevu i-Actellik, Aktara.
I-Medvedka	Isinambuzane esivamile. Imvamisa itholakala ezifundeni eziseningizimu yezwe. kuthinta i-rhizome ne-bulb, emva kwalokho isitshalo sifa.	Ukuze ibhele lingathinti i-iris, isigaxa seqanda esigcotshwe emafutheni we-sunflower sinezela emhlabathini. Izinqolobane zezinambuzane zihamba emhlabathini, kutholakale isixazululo nge-powder yokuwasha lapho. UMarigolds watshala usizo oluseduze kwizinambuzane.
Slug	Hlala endaweni eluhlaza. Yibani ngabaphikisana nabolile bezakhi zamagciwane.	Qoqa izinambuzane ngezandla zakho. Inhlabathi iphathwa nge-superphosphate. Isivunguvungu, iMeta, Metaldehyde, kusetshenziswe amalungiselelo e-Ulicide. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela ezungeze i-iris, kuyadingeka ukususa ukhula ngendlela efanelekile.