Utamatisi ungenye yezitshalo ezingenasisekelo kakhulu mayelana nokunakekelwa kanye nenhlabathi. Le mifino ikhetha kakhulu ngokubunjwa kwenhlabathi kanye nomswakama.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bangalungiselela umhlabathi wokutshala utamatisi ezitshalweni zabo. Okunye ukuthenga inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo esitolo.
Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukusebenzisa ingxube enhlabathini eyenziwe ngomumo kunokuzipheka ngokwakho. Kodwa ususe imikhiqizo eqediwe - ikhwalithi ephansi.
Ukubaluleka kwenhlabathi efanele
Ukulungiselela noma ukuthola inhlabathi efanelekayo isinyathelo esibalulekile futhi esibaluleke kakhulu ekutshaleni izithombo. Yeka indlela izithombo eziyobe ziqinile ngayo ngokuyinhloko zixhomeke ekukhwaleni kwenhlabathi nokubunjwa kwayo. Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali alungile omhlaba kunomphumela omuhle ezitshalweni..
Umhlabathi wezithombo zotamatisi kufanele ube nezimfanelo ezilandelayo:
- ukuphefumula;
- i-porosity;
- ukukhanya
Futhi umhlabathi kumele ube nomthamo wamanzi aphezulu. Izinga elifanele le-acidity cishe alihambisani nhlobo.
Imiphumela yokukhetha okungalungile
Uma kwenzeka umhlabathi wezithombo utamatisi ungalungile, imiphumela ingaba nzima. Izithombo zingase zingakhulumi, futhi ingadi engenazikhono izosala ngaphandle kwezitshalo zotamatisi.
Ukugwema imiphumela emibi, kufanele ulandele imithetho eminingana.
- Ngokuba izithombo ezikhulayo azikwazi ukusebenzisa umanyolo ophilayo ezigabeni zokubola. Izitshalo ezinjalo zishisa imbewu ye-tomato.
- Okuqukethwe kombala esihlabathini kunqatshelwe. Isihlabathi esinjalo senza inhlabathi ibe nzima kakhulu, enomthelela omubi ezitshalweni.
- Inhlabathi akufanele ibe nezinsimbi ezinzima, ngakho-ke, akufanele iqoqwe eduze namafektri nemigwaqo emikhulu.
Inhlabathi yokutshala: izinto ezidingekayo kanye nezakhi zamakhemikhali ekubunjweni
Umhlabathi ngumthombo oyinhloko wezakhi ezisetshenziselwa ukukhula ngesitshalo. Umhlabathi wezithombo zotamatisi kumele ube nocebile ezakhiweni zokulandelela namavithamini. Uma kungenjalo, izithombo zizogula futhi zife. Ukubunjwa okulungile kwenhlabathi kufanele kufaka phakathi:
- i-nitrogen;
- i-phosphorus;
- i-magnesium;
- i-potassium.
Ngenxa yalezi zimpawu zamakhemikhali, utamatisi ukhula uqine futhi unempilo.
Ekubunjweni okujwayelekile kwanoma yiliphi ingxenye kungathathwa indawo efanayo noma engeza ezinye izinto. Izingxenye ezilandelayo zingase zibe khona ekubunjweni komhlaba:
- Moss sphagnum Yenza ngcono ukuhamba komoya.
- I-Meadow ne-sod inhlabathi.
- Conifer izinaliti. Zivikela izithombo ezincane ezivela ezinambuzane nasezinhlakeni zezinyosi, futhi zifaka isandla ekuvuneni okuphakeme.
- Peat. Ithuthukisa ukunyakaza nokunyakaza kwamandla. Ngenxa yokuthi i-acidity ye-peat yanda kunconywa ukuba ihlaziye ne-dolomite ufulawa noma u-choki. Izindwangu ezinkulu ezakha i-peat zifaka isandla ekungeneni kwesistimu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-peat inconywa ukuthi i-pre-sift.
- Umhlabathi we-Leaf. Inikeza ukukhanya emhlabathini futhi iyayikhulula, kodwa iqukethe inani elincane lezakhi. Ngakho-ke, ukubunjwa kwehlabathi leqabunga kuzomele kudinge izingxenye ezingekho.Ama-utamatisi asabela kabi kakhulu ngama-tannins; ngakho-ke, akunconywa ukuqoqa umhlabathi we-leaf ngaphansi kwe-oki noma i-willow yezithombo.
- Sand - i-powder yokudoba yemvelo. Okudingekayo ukuthi isihlabathi esisetshenziselwe ukukhulisa izithombo kumele sihlanzeke, sihlanjwe, singenazo izingcezu zobumba. Ngaphambi kokwenza ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi, isihlabathi kufanele sihlanzwe kahle ngamanzi asebenzayo bese sibalwa kuhhavini.
- I-Perlite isetshenziswa njenge-powder yokubhaka kanye nenxenye yokulondoloza umswakama.
- I-Humus. Ukuze ungabhubhisi amahlumela amancane utamatisi, udinga ukusebenzisa kuphela i-humus ebolile kahle. Ngaphambi kokwenza ingxenye ifuna ukuhlunga okugunyaziwe.
- I-Sawdust ingashintsha kalula i-peat noma isihlabathi esiyingxenye yenhlabathi. Lapho ulungiselela izingxube zomhlabathi zezithombo, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise i-sawdust ehlanzekile, ngaphambi kokuklanywa ngamanzi abilayo.
Ungazipheka kanjani?
Abalimi abaningi abanolwazi bakhetha ukulungiselela inhlabathi izithombo zotamatisi ngokwabo kunokuthenga esitolo.
Qala ukuqeqesha ekwindla. Ukwenza lokhu, uthele umhlaba ebhokisini bese uyishiya emgwaqweni noma ebhalini kuze kufike entwasahlobo. Ngesikhathi seqhwa, zonke izifo ezinobungozi ziyafa, futhi umhlaba ngokwawo uba yinyumba. Cishe ngesonto ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu, inhlabathi kufanele ihanjiswe endlini ukufudumala.
Ngemuva kokuba umhlaba ususwe, ungaqala ukuxuba zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngezinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu yamatamatisi.
Kunezinketho eziningi zokulungiselela inhlabathi izithombo zotamatisi.:
- Ngokuba ingxube engxenyeni elinganayo ithathwa njengeqabunga lomhlabathi, umhlaba, humus nesihlabathi. Zonke izingxenye zixutshwe. Umhlabathi wezithombo uchithelwa yisisombululo esikhethekile esilungiselelwe ngaphambilini esakhiwa ngu-30 g we-superphosphate, 10 g we-urea kanye no-25 g we-potassium sulphate. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, imbewu ingahlwanyelwa emhlabathini.
- Ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo kuthathwa inhlabathi enomhlabathi, isanti ne-peat. Zonke izingxenye zixutshwe. Emhlabathini oqediwe ungeziwe 500 g we-ash kanye no-2 tbsp. superphosphate. Futhi, yonke into ixutshwe futhi ishiya izinsuku ezimbalwa. Khona-ke ungaqala ukukhula izithombo.
- Ingxenye eyodwa ye-humus ixubene ne-1 ingxenye yesihlabathi kanye nezingxenye ezimbili zenhlabathi ye-turf. Futhi wengezwe ekubunjweni kwe-500 g lomlotha. Zonke izingxenye zixutshwe futhi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ungaqala ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kumele ihlelwe. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kugweme ukutshala okusobala ukuthi utamatisi ogula.
Izinhlobo zomquba ophelile
Uma kunqunywe ukuthenga inhlabathi yezithombo, kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela efanele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izithombo zifa nje. Okuhle kakhulu ekukhuleni izithombo zamatamatisi kufinyelele kuzo zonke izinhlobo eziphilayo.
Igama | Inani eMoscow | Intengo eSt. Petersburg |
"Ukuphila Emhlabeni", 50 l | Ukusuka ku-rub rub 250. | Kusukela kuma-ruble angu-359 |
Microparnik, 20 l | Kusuka kumarubhri angu-74 | Ukusuka emhlathini angu-82. |
"Bioud Soil", 5 l | Kusuka ku-rub rubesi-72. | Kusuka kumanethi angu-81. |
"Gumimaks", 5 l | Kusuka ku-99 ukugubha. | Kusukela kuma-ruble angu-113. |
"Garden emhlabeni", 50 l | Ukusuka kumagubha angu-240. | Kusuka ku-324 rub. |
Yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi oluthanda utamatisi? Ukudla noma i-alkaline?
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela utamatisi wezinyosi kunconywa ukuba kucacise ukuthi iyiphi inhlabathi engcono kakhulu ekusetshenziselwa izithombo zokutshala utamatisi (kanye nepelepele, uma utshala ngokulandelayo) - omuncu noma i-alkaline.
Umhlabathi wokutshala izithombo zamatamatisi kufanele ube yi-acidic kancane.. I-pH yezinga eliphezulu lamatamatisi ngu-5.5-6.5. I-Acidity inqunywa ithuluzi elikhethekile, elingathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo.
Umhlabathi o-alkaline awamukelekile kumatamatisi, njengoba ukhuthaza ukuma nokushisa imbewu. Futhi lokhu kuthinta kabi isivuno.
Umehluko inhlabathi yokukhula
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umhlaba wezithombo uhlukile ezweni lokutshala utamatisi. Umehluko wabo omkhulu ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi ephelele. Ukuze ukhule utamatisi, ungathatha inhlabathi enamandla kunokuba izithombo.
Umhlabathi wezithombo kumele ube nesilinganiso esiphezulu sama micronutrients nezinzuzo zamavithamini ezisiza ekuhlumeni kokuqala kwembewu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izihlahla ezindala sezivele ziqinile futhi zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nanoma yiluphi uhlobo, futhi imbewu idinga amandla amaningi ukuze ikhule.
Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungani bafa izithombo zotamatisi, ngoba izwe lifana naso engadini. Kodwa akubona wonke umuntu owazi lokho Ngokuba izithombo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa inhlabathi elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile futhi ecebiswe ngezinto eziwusizo.. Ukuze ungangeni esimweni esinjalo esingathandeki, kudingeka uhlole ngokucophelela ukwakheka kwenhlabathi ephakheji noma uthole ukuthi ungayilungiselela kanjani.