Ukuze baqoqe izithelo eziningi ezihlwabusayo ekwindla, abalimi bemifino bavame ukugxila eziciweni zokuvuna nezokuvuna ezihlukahlukene. Noma kunjalo, lezi zindlela akuyona into kuphela okumelwe ilandelwe, ngoba izintandokazi zezulu ezihlukahlukene azibalulekile.
Ukushisa, umswakama, inani lezinsuku ezishisayo yilona izici lapho ukhula utamatisi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezingcono kakhulu esifundeni saseMoscow.
Yikuphi uhlobo utamatisi okungcono ukutshala esifundeni saseMoscow, esekelwe kwesimo sezulu
Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwezimo zesifunda saseMoscow, omunye kufanele acabangele izimo zezulu zensimu:
- ukushisa kwama-temperature;
- ukuqala kweqhwa ngo-Okthoba-Novemba;
- umswakama ophakeme (78%).
Ngokwesilinganiso, kufanele kuthathe izinyanga ezingaba ngu-3 kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala imbewu ekuqoqweni kwezithelo zokuvuthwa zokuqala. Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela ukuthi izithombo kufanele zikhule futhi zibe namandla kuze zifike emhlabathini ngenkathi zisungulwa sezulu nesimo esifudumele. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka ekuqaleni noma phakathi kukaMeyi, okusho ukuthi isikhathi esihle sokutshala imbewu nguMashi.Kubalulekile! Izithombo kufanele zitshalwe kuphela ku-abamba ukushisa noma ukushisa okunezimo ezifanele zokushisa, ukukhanyisa kanye nomswakama.
Ukuze uthole isivuno esicebile esifundeni saseMoscow, kufanele uqaphele lezi zinhlobo zika utamatisi ezilandelayo:
- "Ukugcwalisa okumhlophe." Kuqala ukuvuthwa, ukumelana kakhulu ne-frost grade. Kulula ukukhula ezindaweni lapho kunesimo sezulu esibucayi, njengoba singenakuzithoba ekunakekeleni. Lena umbono ocacile, okusho ukuthi, mfushane, awudingi ukususwa kwamahlumela aso kanye nokwakhiwa kwezesekelo.
- "Unomusa". Inikeza isivuno esihle cishe noma yisiphi isimo sezulu. Lesi sitshalo asihlushwa ukulimala okuphelile, izithelo zingagcinwa isikhathi eside, zingabe ziwohloka ngesikhathi sokuhamba. I-universal futhi isebenza ngayo: ama-saladi amasha, ukudla okulula, imifino yemifino namanzi.
- "Alenka". Ukukhula okuncane, okuqala kakhulu kweyotamatisi ehlukahlukene. Ukungathobeki kwezimo zezulu, okungavamile ukuthinteka yizifo kanye nesibungulu. Izithelo zinomsoco kakhulu, ziyathandeka.
- "Indlebe ye-Ox". Umbono ongaphenduliwe ngesikhathi sokuvuna eside. Kuyathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi bemifino nabalimi. Izithelo zithandeka, zinyama, zinesikhumba esinomsoco, zithandekayo. Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekwa njengesaladi, kodwa ungenza futhi ama-juice, ama-pastes, kanye nemifino ekheniwe ezivela ezitshalweni.
- I-Medoc. Izithelo zibomvu ngokugqamile, zifakwe ipulazi, zivuthwe ekuqaleni. Izihlahla ziphansi, i-pasynkovanie ayidingekile, kodwa kuyadingeka ukubopha amahlumela ukuze kungabi ngaphansi kwesisindo se-utamatisi.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zika utamatisi ngezindawo zokugcina izithombo
Ukukhula ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kanye nokugcina izithombo kwenza kube lula ukukhetha izinhlobo eziningana zezitamatisi ezingapheli, ezide futhi eziningi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kweminyaka yokusebenza kanzima nokuzalana, abalimi bemifino baye bathola izinhlobo eziningana zezamatamatisi esifundeni saseMoscow, ezifanelekile ukukhula endaweni yokushisa, okungukuthi:
- "De Barao". Izithelo ziyakuthandeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zembala (shades kusuka ephuzi eliphuzi kuze kube okusajingijolo obomvu, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nobumnyama), zilingana ngendlela enhle ngendlela engafanelekile noma engenakheni. Izihlahla zinamandla, zide; kuthatha isilinganiso sezinyanga ezingu-4 kusukela ekutshaleni imbewu kuze kuvunwe isivuno sokuqala.
- "Honey honey". Lesi yisikhathi semaphakathi, isitshalo se-thermophilic esinezithelo ezinkulu eziluhlaza. Ngokuvame ukungezwa kuma-saladi, kodwa ibekezelela ukugcina. Abaningi bacabangela lolu hlobo lwezotamatisi olulodwa olumnandi kakhulu.
- "Sevryuga". Igama lesigaba sesibili "Pudovik". Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinkulu (ngezinye izikhathi kuya ku-0.5 kg), izithelo zokusajingijolo ezibomvu zokunambitheka kakhulu. Izitshalo zidinga i-garter edingekayo ukusekela, isitshalo singanqunywa.
- "Verlioka". Kubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobonhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu utamatisi - uma unamathela emithethweni yokulima nokunakekelwa, kufika ku-18 kg utamatisi ungatholakala kumitha eyodwa yesikwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlobo azihlupheki ezifweni eziningi ezifanelwe utamatisi: i-fusarium, indawo emnyama. Ngenxa yobukhulu bezithelo, bangadliwa basha futhi bakhulile ngezikhala. Ezihlukahlukene zifanelekile zokugcina izithombo endaweni yesifunda saseMoscow kanye nomzila ophakathi.
- "I-Pink Flamingo". Kubanzi (150-200 g), ifomu elimhlophe, elimnandi, utamatisi omhlophe. Kungenxa yezimfanelo zokunambitheka ukuthi utamatisi walezi zinhlobonhlobo zivame ukutshwa kabusha, kodwa eziningi zazo zikhonkwane, naphezu kwesimo se-oblong.
Uyazi? Abakhiqizi base-Israel bawela i-utamatisi nge-lemon, okwenza kube nezithelo ezingavamile ze-tinge e-pink nge-flavor encane ye-lemon kanye nephunga elimnandi. Wanikezwa igama elithi "Lemato" (lemon + utamatisi).
Lapho ukhetha izitshalo zendawo yokushisa, kufanele futhi ucabange ngalokhu okushiwo yi-greenhouse, i-glass, i-polycarbonate, ifilimu), izinga lokukhanyisa indawo, izinga lokushisa, ukushisa, njll.
Utamatisi ovulekile
Iqembu elilandelayo lezotamatisi livuthwe ngokuphelele lapho litshalwe emhlabathini ongavikelekile. Lezi zitshalo zihlanganisa:
- "Demidov". I-non-hybrid, esinqunyiwe, isitshalo sephakathi nonyaka. Izithelo zisetshenziswa kalula. Utamatisi kuhle kakhulu ekukhuleni ensimini emadolobheni.
- "Inhliziyo kaBull". Ezihlukahlukene kakhulu ezihlukahlukene phakathi balimi. Utamatisi kufanele abe negama ngokuma kwawo, okufana nenhliziyo. Izithelo zinkulu, ushukela futhi zithenda, ngakho-ke azifanelekile ukucubungula. Kodwa-ke, utamatisi afaneleka kakhulu ama-saladi, ukusikeka kwemifino, ama-appetizers. Kusukela ngoJulayi kuya kuSeptemba, utamatisi oluhlaza uhanjiswa ngisho no-Okthoba.
- "Schelkovsky ekuqaleni". Lezi zinhlobo zinezici ezithile: utamatisi uvuthwe ngokushesha kakhulu, ngenxa yalesi sihlahla asinaso isikhathi sokutheleleka ngezifo ezifanelwe utamatisi (ikakhulukazi, ukulimala kwesikhathi). Izithelo zilingana, zisetshenziselwa ukuvuna, ngoba zigcinwe kahle.
- "IsiSiberia ekuqaleni". Lesi sitshalo sibhekiswe ezinhlobonhlobo ezicacile, izithelo zivuthwe ekuqaleni. Utamatisi abomvu, avamile njalo, amancane futhi amnandi. Lezi utamatisi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-sauces, ama-juice nama-pastes, ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwendaba eyomile kwisithelo.
- "Sultan F1". Izinkathi eziphakathi nonyaka ezizojabulela izithelo ezimnandi kuze kube seqhwa. Lolu hlobo lwamatamatisi luhlukaniswa njengesaladi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuwasebenzisa ngaphandle kokwelapha ukushisa.
Izinhlobo ze-Cherry
Izinhlobonhlobo ze "Cherry" zitshalo ezishisayo kakhulu, ngoba ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile ongavunyelwe. Yingakho abantu abaningi bathanda ukukhulisa utamatisi omncane kuma-balconi nasefasiteleni. Kodwa-ke, endaweni yokushisa, ngokugcina umbuso wokushisa nokukhanyisa, kungenzeka futhi ukuthola izithelo ezinkulu zezithelo ezincane ezithandekayo ngokuphumelelayo.
Ukuze ukhule "Cherry" emadolobheni angacabangela izinhlobo ezilandelayo zamatamatisi:
- "U-Honey drop".
- "Mio".
- "Black Beach".
- "Pygmy".
- "Isimangaliso se-Balcony".
- "Ukhilimu wezingane".
- "Bonsai".
- "Lycopa".
Izici zokutshala endaweni evulekile esifundeni saseMoscow
Nakuba utamatisi udinga ukushisa nokukhanyisa okuningi, zingatshalwa endle ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zezulu zendawo yaseMoscow. Noma kunjalo, ukulima ukuphumelela ukuhambisana nemithetho yobunjiniyela bezolimo.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala kangcono ekwindla. Kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo lapho imbewu ezohlwanyelwa khona; Kungcono ukutshala utamatisi emibhedeni emva kokukhukhamba ukhukhamba, iklabishi, i-legumes, i-dill, u-anyanisi nama-izaqathe.
Kubalulekile! Gwema ukutshala utamatisi emibhedeni ngemuva kwepelepele, amazambane, ama-eggplant. Futhi, akunakwenzeka ukutshala utamatisi esakhiweni sonyaka odlule - lokhu kwandisa ingozi yezitshalo ukuthi igciwane futhi ithinte umhlabathi.
Isakhiwo samatamatisi kufanele sibheke kahle ilanga, sivikeleke emanzini aqinile emoyeni, amanzi akufanele aqoqe kuwo. Kungcono ukumba umhlabathi ekwindla bese usebenzisa umquba: izithasiselo zamaminerali (superphosphate, potassium chloride), umquba noma i-humus. Ngentwasahlobo, inhlabathi kumele ikhululwe ngaphambi kokutshala. 
Ukuze uvikeleke okwengeziwe utamatisi kusuka ezinambuzane izinambuzane eduze imibhede, marigolds kanye calendula kungatshalwa: iphunga izitshalo akubekezeleli bears, weevils, nematodes. Noma kunjalo, lezi zimbali ziyakwazi ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezitshalo ezizungezile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ungadluli.
Imbewu yokutshala
Ukutshala imbewu ngokujwayelekile kwenzeka ngoMashi-Ephreli. Ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinqunyelwe (ukugxila), isikhathi esihle sokutshala sizobe sekuseni-maphakathi no-Ephreli, kodwa kungcono ukutshala izinhlobo ezingapheli (ubude) ekuqaleni.
Ukuhlwanyela kubalulekile ukukhetha imbewu engcono kakhulu: hhayi omisiwe, ofanayo ofanayo, ngaphandle kokulimala kanye namacici. Njengokwelashwa, imbewu ingafakwa emanzini afudumele, bese igxila kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate isigamu sehora. Ukulungisa inhlabathi, kuyadingeka ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo ukuxuba i-humus, i-peat ne-sod.
Ingxube kumele ithulwe ku-container enobuningi okungenani u-10 cm, ifakwe ibhodlela le-spray bese yenza indentations 0.5-1 cm kude no 2-3 cm komunye nomunye. Lapho imbewu ihlanganiswa nenhlabathi, inhlabathi ingafafaza futhi. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitamatisi akufanele zitshalwe kwisitsha esifanayo.
Ukwakha umphumela wokushisa, isitsha sembewu kufanele sihlanganiswe nefilimu futhi sibekwe endaweni ekhanyisiwe: ezinsukwini ezingu-7 amahlumela okuqala azovela. 
Uyazi? I-China ibhekwa njengomholi ekukhiqizeni utamatisi - u-16% we-total of utamatisi okhulile emhlabeni ukhula minyaka yonke ezweni.
Ukunakekela nokuphuza
Ukutshala utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile emadolobheni angase kube lapho umhlaba ugoqa kufika ku-15 ° C; Lokhu kwenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-Meyi. Ngezinye izikhathi phakathi nalesi sikhathi ama-frosts ayenzeka-ukuvikela izithombo, kufanele ihlanganiswe nefilimu.
Ibanga eliphakathi kwehlathini kufanele libalwe ngokususelwa kuhlobo lwezotamatisi: ngezinhlobo ezithintekayo, ibanga elilingene lingama-30-40 cm, ngoba izinhlawulo ezingakapheli zikhuphuka zibe ngu-60 cm. Ukujula kwemigodi kungama-10 cm. Amapulangwe kufanele aguqulwe ngokucophelela kulesi sitsha, aqaphele ukuba angabhubhisi umhlabathi futhi angalimazi uhlelo lwempande. Emva kokufafaza umhlaba, izithombo zinganisela futhi zihlanganiswe (ngotshani, utshani, amaqabunga).
Esikhathini esizayo, utamatisi kufanele uphuze njalo; ukuchelela kokuqala emva kokufakelwa kwezitshalo emhlabathini kungenziwa ngemva kwamasonto amabili (ngokusekelwe komhlabathi). Kuyadingeka ukuba amanzi asetshanini ngaphansi kwempande - ingress of umswakama engxenyeni eluhlaza yesitshalo iholela ezifweni nokuphala kwezimbali. Isidingo sokunisela ukwanda ngesikhathi sokukhula okujulile kwesitshalo, ukwakhiwa kwe-ovary nezithelo; Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lokunisela lingancishiswa.
Ukugcwalisa umhlabathi nge-oksijeni, nokugwema ukwakheka komhlaba, umhlabathi emva kokunisela kudingeka udedelwe ukujula okungaba ngu-4-8 cm. Uma izimpande zivela ebusweni bomhlabathi, ihlathi lidinga i-hilling - ngenxa yenqubo isitshalo esisungula lapho izakhi eziningi zingena khona . I-Hilling izovumela futhi umswakama ukuba uhlale emhlabathini isikhathi eside futhi uwucebise nge-oxygen.
Utamatisi udinga izithako eziningana ngesinye isikhathi (izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngokulinganisa). Njengoba ama-fertilizer angasetshenziswa:
- i-saltpeter;
- izingxube ezine-phosphorus;
- inkukhu yomquba noma i-mullein;
- umlotha.
Ukuvuna
Imigomo yokuqoqa izithelo inqunywa yizinhlobonhlobo zezamatamatisi. Esifundazweni saseMoscow kungenzeka ukutshala izinhlobo zakuqala nezinyanga zonyaka, ngakho-ke, izithelo zokuqala zingaqoqwa engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni. Kuvunyelwe ukukhipha izithelo ezinemibala ngokugcwele, okubomvu - emasontweni angu-1-2 bazofinyelela ekuvuthweni okudingekayo, kanti izinkomba zokunambitheka ngeke ziwohloke. Izithelo ezingafundiwe azikwazi ukunqunywa - azigcini futhi aziboli ngokushesha. 
Ukuvuna okuvuthiwe utamatisi kuqala ngo-Agasti, njengoba izitshalo eziningi kule nkathi zifa ngaphandle kwesiqu kanye namaqabunga. Kubalulekile ukuvuna sonke isitshalo (ngisho nezithelo eziluhlaza) ngaphambi kwesikhathi lapho izinga lokushisa liwela ngaphansi kwe-10 ° C, ngaphandle kwalokho utamatisi ngeke lulungiswe kahle. Uma izithelo zihlala ezihlahleni ekushiseni kwama-5 ° C, zingakwazi ukubola ngokushesha.
Utamatisi kwenzeka emakamelweni afudumele (angaba ngu-25 ° C) ane-air air circulation. Kudingeka ukuhlola izithelo njalo futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kukhishwe lezo izibonakaliso zezifo ezaqala ukubonakala, ukuze kutholakale konke ukuvunwa.
Ngakho-ke, wafunda ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezitamatisi ezifanele esifundeni saseMoscow: ukulima emasimini kanye nokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo, kubhekwa izici zokutshala enhlabathini engavimbelwe, imithetho yokutshala ukunakekelwa. Njengoba ubona, akukho lutho olunzima kulokhu. Sifisela wena isivuno esihle!
