Abalimi bamazwe amaningi abanesithakazelo bahlola ukuqhuba umkhuba omusha, wezemfashini wokulima - ukutshala izihlahla ze-columnar. Izindwangu ezimangalisayo, ezinemifino enemigqa yemithi enomusa, okukhumbuza kakhulu izihlahla ezihlotshwe izihlahla. Izihlahla ze-kolonovidnye, amapheya kanye nezinye izihlahla zezithelo, okusheshayo ekukhuleni, umqhele wezitshalo ohanjelwe phezulu, akusekho amagatsha angaphandle. Umbonisi oqaphelisayo, esezihlolisise ngokucophelela, uzobona ukuthi naphezu kokukhula okuncane kanye nesikhumba esincane, lezi ziyizihlahla ezivamile zezithelo ezijwayele wonke umuntu. Ake sizame ukuqonda ukuthi izitshalo ezinjalo ezingavamile nezithembisayo zivele kanjani, yiziphi izinhlobo zezihlahla ezikhona kanye nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo zazo phezu kwezimila zendabuko.
Uyazi? Enye yezimangaliso eziyisikhombisa ezibonakalayo zomhlaba ekukhunjweni kwesintu yizididi ezilenga ze-Semiramis. Lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele siyamangala ngezingadi eziningi ezinezimbali ezinemibala ehlukahlukene nezimpophoma ezikhazimulayo. Yakhiwa ngo-605 BC futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwabhujiswa izikhukhula.
Umlando wokubukeka
Izihlahla zezithelo ze-Colony zifikile kuwo wonke umhlaba we-horticultural waseCanada. Umlimi waseCanada ngo-1964 waba iphayona lesifomu esingavamile somuthi. Umlimi waphawula ukuthi enye yezihlahla ze-apple ezincane ze-Macintosh zinamagatsha angavamile avela ku-stem eyinhloko nge-angle ekhangayo. Kwakungekho izinqubo ezingezansi kulezi amagatsha, kodwa zazihlanganiswa ngama-apula. 
Umlimi oyimangale wamemela umfuyi futhi wamyala ukuba afunde umuthi ongavamile we-apula. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ngemuva kokuba umsebenzi wokuzalanisa uqhutshwe, kwaba nomphumela ophumelelayo, waba yizinhlobonhlobo ze-apple ikholomu "Vazhak". Wayethanda abalimi futhi wasakazeka emazweni amaningi. Kancane kancane, izinhlobo eziningana zezihlahla ezinamahlathi zaqala ukuvela.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zezihlahla zezithelo ze-columnar
Izihlobo ezintsha zezithelo ezincane "ezincane" ziye zathola ukuthandwa okukhulu ngenxa yokuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nezivuno zamasimu ezindawo ezifanayo (zendabuko kanye nekholomu) ukuphakama kolonovidnye kuthola inzuzo futhi kulula.
Ungase ube nesithakazelo kulezi zinhlobo ze-kolonovidnye ezifana ne-kolonovidnaya iplamu, i-apricot kolonovidny.Ngokunakekelwa okufanayo, ukuvunwa kwensimu enezitshalo ze-columnar kunezikhathi eziningana eziphakeme kunalezo ze-apula ezivamile, ezide noma eziphakathi kwezihlahla.
Njengoba izitshalo ziphansi, kulula ukuzicubungula izinambuzane, kulula ukusika izihlahla zaminyaka yonke, kulula ukuqoqa izithelo ezivuthiwe. Futhi impikiswano enkulu ekuthandeni izihlahla ezinomqhele omncane futhi ohlangene ukuthi ukuvuthwa kwabo kuqala kusukela ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu emva kokutshala, futhi izihlahla zezithelo ezivamile ziqala ukulimala iminyaka engama-4-5. 
Endaweni yehektare elilodwa, ungafaka insimu yezitshalo ezimbili zamakholoni, kanti izithelo ezivamile, ezinekhanda elibanzi, ngeke zivumelane namagatsha angaba ngu-400.
Ngenxa yalokho, izitshalo eziningi zithela izithelo endaweni efanayo, futhi izindleko zokulondoloza nokuzinakekela zingaphansi kakhulu.
Uyazi? Usosayensi omkhulu waseRussia, umbelethi u-Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin (1855-1935), akazange abe nolwazi olunzulu lwesayensi nolwazi olusebenzayo ekukhiqizeni izitshalo nokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo, kodwa futhi wayenomqondo ongavamile, cishe oyingqayizivele: ukuqhuba ukuhlola phakathi kwezitshalo ezinkulungwane eziningana, ekugijimeni, ekhomba umhlanga ezitshalweni ezikhethiwe - lokhu, lokhu kanye nalesi yisithombo ukususa! Abasizi balalela futhi bawahlanza, kodwa befuna ukuhlola ikhono lomsayense, bazama ukutshala izitshalo ezakhiwe nguMichurin - hhayi kanye, hhayi kanye, hhayi ukusikwa kwesinye isidumbu.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemithi yezithelo zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezimbili:
- imbewu encane eyakhula kusuka ezihlwini futhi ibe nesakhi sofuzo esifushane (isakhi sofuzo);
- ezincane ezihlanganisiwe, zikhiqizwa ngamagatsha okuhlanganisa ama-plant colonic plant kuya ohlelweni lomuthi ojwayelekile ohlobene nawo.
Kubalulekile! Insimu encane engangeni nje kuphela isikhathi se-fruiting, kodwa nayo ifa, ikhula futhi ifa ekuqaleni. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-10-12, udinga ukuvuselela ukutshala, ukuxosha izihlahla ezindala nokutshala ezintsha.Izinhlobo ezidumile zezihlahla ze-apulasamu: I-Apple "Imali" - plant ukuphakama 1.5-2 amamitha. Izithelo ezinomsoco ubukhulu obuphakathi (amagremu angu-250), ukukhanya okwesibhakabhaka ombala nombala obomvu kanye namanzi ahlanzekile, hhayi okuqinile, okusemnandi. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana kahle nezifo eziyinhloko zezithelo. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesivuno yizinsuku zokugcina zikaSeptemba, isivuno siphezulu, izithelo zinomgangatho omuhle wokugcina ngesikhathi isitoreji sasebusika;
Apple "Arbat" - izinhlobo ezincane, izithelo ezincane (100-120 amagremu), isikhumba kanye nosawoti wama-apula ombala we-cherry omnyama. Ama-apula anambitha futhi anamanzi, kodwa okuhlukahlukene akuhloswanga ukugcina isikhathi eside; lapho ukubeka ebusika kuyawohloka ngokushesha; 
Apple "uMongameli" - lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinobulukhuni obunzima obubusika futhi aziphethwe yizifo ezifayo kanye nezinambuzane ezinambuzane. Izithelo ziyingcosana namancane, isisindo sama-apula siyi-140-250 amagremu. Umbala wesikhumba uhluka kusuka kumhlophe kuya ophuzi ophuzi, njengokungathi "ukugcwalisa okumhlophe" inyama iyamanzi, umbala wenyama ulula. Isikhathi sokuvuna siqala phakathi no-September. 
Izinhlobonhlobo ezidumile zamapheya amapheya:
Ikhasi "Ukuhlobisa" - isitshalo samanzi, asidluli ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1.5-2. Amapareyi angamaphesenti angama-150 kuya kwangu-200 kuya kweyodwa afana nephunga eliphakathi kwe-pearl kanye ne-pulp elimuncu. Izithelo zinomsoco kakhulu, zivuthiwe i-peel ihlanganiswe ne-burgundy blush. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa siyingxenye yesibili ka-Agasti. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo eziphawulekayo zinemiphumela ephawulekayo - izithelo zigcinwe zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-10-14. 
Ikhasi "iSafira" - ezihlukahlukene nge ukumelana frost ukumelana (kuze -20 ° C). It has a isivuno esihle, amapheya ezivuthiwe zidwetshwe emathunzini amathathu ngokunyakaza komunye nomunye (eluhlaza, ophuzi, obomvu). Ukuvuna kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene kunekhwalithi yokugcina ingxenye, ingagcinwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kuze kube nguDisemba. 
Ukutshala okufanelekile kwezihlahla ze-columnar
Njengoba izitshalo zekholoni zingenawo amagatsha asemaceleni, zingatshala kakhulu kunezide ezijwayelekile, izihlahla ezihlabayo, kodwa ukuze ukhethe uhlelo lokutshala kwensimu encane, zonke izinhlobo ze-nuances kufanele zicatshangelwe:
- ingabe isitshalo sizovunwa ngesandla, noma kufanele kube khona ibanga elanele ukuhamba kwezimoto;
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukutshala izingadi kuhleliwe ngokuya komugqa owodwa noma iphethini elibili lomugqa nge-spacing yomzila owodwa.
Tshala izitshalo zezitshalo ezincane entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ukutshala izitshalo kwenziwa ngenyanga yokuqala ka-Ephreli, ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa liphela ngokuphelele emhlabathini futhi inhlabathi iqhuma. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abanolwazi bathi ukutshala kwekwindla ka "abancane" kunenzuzo, ngoba ngesikhathi sekwindla nobusika umuthi unesikhathi sokuhlala futhi uvumelane nezimo ezintsha. Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwekwindla, kubalulekile ukumelana nesikhathi esinqunyiwe nokuphumula ngaphambi kukaSeptemba.
Uma ngabe ezihlukahlukene zikhethiwe futhi imbewu efunwayo ithengwe, udinga ukunquma ngesayithi lokufika. Zonke izihlahla zezithelo zithande izindawo ezingenamkhawulo, zelanga, zithembeke ngokuqinile emoyeni osenyakatho.
Ukutshala izimbiza kudingeka kulungiswe kusengaphambili ngokusho kwenani lezithombo ezithengiwe. Ngokufanelekile, ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, kunconywa ukumba imigodi ekuwa, kuyilapho ngesikhathi sokutshala kwekwindla, entwasahlobo. Izitshalo zokutshala zicubungulwa ngokusho kwephethini lokutshala elikhethwe ngumlimi wensimu, ngokucabangela ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo eziseduze nendawo yokuhlukanisa umugqa.
Ukujula komgodi wokutshala kufanele ube ngu-40-50 cm, kanti ububanzi bomgwaqo kwenziwa ngokucabangela iqiniso lokuthi izimpande zomuthi otshalwe kumele zingenwe noma ziboshwe. Lapho ukupheka kokutshala kukhiwa, umanyolo usetshenziswa phansi. Lokhu kungase kube umquba wezinkomo ezibolile, umquba. Ngomgodi owodwa wokutshala, amafosholo amabili womanyolo anjalo anele. Ukwakhiwa okhethiwe kuhlanganiswe ngokuphelele nenhlabathi, etholakala phansi emgodini wokutshala. 
Ibhakede lamanzi lisetshenziselwa emgodini oqediwe, ulinde ukuba lingene emhlabathini bese utshala umuthi. Isitshalo esitshalwe siphuziswa futhi ngaphansi kwempande (cishe ama-5-7 amalitha).
Kubalulekile! Uma uhlwanyela umuthi wezithelo, kufanele uthathe ukunakekelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokugoma ayikho into embozwe umhlaba.
Izici zokunakekelwa
Ngemuva kokutshala izihlahla nezithelo ze-berry ezihlotshaniswa koloni, izinyathelo zokuvikela nokuzinakekela azifani nokunakekelwa kwensimu evamile. Kodwa, yiqiniso, kunezici ezithile ezingabonisi abaningi abanolwazi okudingeka bazi:
Ngonyaka wokuqala
Ngezinye izikhathi utshalwe "abahlali" bangakwazi ukudiliza izimbali ngonyaka wokutshala. Lokhu kusongela ukwehliswa kwe-sapling jikelele, uhlelo lwayo lwempande futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuntuleka kwezitshalo esikhathini esizayo. Izimbali ezifana nezimbali eziphuthumayo ziyanconywa ukuba zisuswe, zigweme izitshalo ezenziwe.
Ukwakheka kwezivuno
Eminyakeni elandelayo, ingadi encane iyoqhakaza kakhulu. Lokhu kuyimbono enhle, kodwa ayinaso isongo samahlaya ekusebenzeni kwezithombo ezincane. Esikhundleni sembali ngayinye, ngezimo zezulu ezithandekayo, kwakha i-ovary izithelo. Uma imibungu yesithelo isetshenzisiwe eziningi zidinga ukususwa besebenzisa i-shears engadini (ngesandla). Isitshalo esincane asikwazi njalo ukuthela izithelo eziningi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma udala umthwalo wesihlahla ngezithelo: kusukela ebhodini lapho kukhona izithelo ezincane ezinhlanu, kudingeka uhambe ezimbili kuphela. 
Izihlahla ze-Coloniform zinezimpande ezisendaweni ehambelana nomhlaba futhi ezingenalutho ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngenkathi yehlobo, umhlaba eduze kwesihlahla somuthi wezintwana ezincane futhi phakathi kwemigqa uphathwa ukhula (ukhula). Phakathi nalokhu ukwelashwa, ukulimala komshini emiphakathini engajulile kungenzeka. Lokhu kusongela ukufa kwesitshalo. Ukuze ugweme ukulimala ezimpandeni futhi ulondoloze emisebenzini yebasebenzi yabasebenzi abaqashiwe ukusikwa kwe-weeding, wonke umhlaba ensimini kufanele ukhonjiswe. Kungenzeka futhi ukumboza izihlahla zomuthi ngezinto zokubhukuda: ama-sawdust, ama-shavings, i-sunflower noma ama-peanut husks.
Uyazi? Umhlabathi weZaluzhennaya - i-substrate ehlanganiswe utshani obuncane obukhulayo obunzima (okusanhlamvu). Ukumboza okunjalo kwenhlabathi kuvimbela ukukhula kokhula ensimini futhi kuvimbele ukukhuphuka komswakama emhlabathini.Ukuze uvikele izilokazane, izihlahla zezithelo ziphathwa ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ngaphambi kokuphuza i-bud bud) nezinambuzane. Kulula ukuhlela ukuvikelwa kwensimu futhi ngosizo lwamalungiselelo eziphilayo kanye nezicupho. Phakathi kwemigqa ungahlwanyela izitshalo ngezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi i-phytoncidal (marigolds, melissa, dill), zizosabisa ama-aphid nezinye izinambuzane ezilimaza izinambuzane zasensimu ngephunga elithile.
Ngesikhathi sehlobo elikhulu lezinambuzane, izicupho zifakwe emagatsheni ensimu - iziqukathi ezinama-sweet compotes zihlanjululwe ngesigamu namafutha emifino. Izinambuzane, ezithandwa ngumkhiqizo wezithelo zomhlaba esicupheni, amaphiko azo agcoba amafutha anamanzi futhi izinambuzane azikwazi ukuhamba.
Emibuthanweni ye-pristvolny yemithi yezithelo isungulwe amabhande. Ibhande elinjalo lihlelwe phezu kwesiqu, ubuso bayo bubekwe ngento enamathele futhi enamathelayo engavumeli izintuthwane ukuba zibeke ama-aphid kumaqabunga omuthi.
Ukunisela Izitshalo ezincane zidinga ukuchelela njalo, kodwa akudingekile ukuba isivini sisebenzise usuku futhi sihlale ubusuku ngepayipi ezandleni zakhe ensimini. Uma ingadi ibekwe ezindaweni ezinomthunzi lapho kunezikhathi ezingekho khona, ukulungiswa kokutshala izitshalo kungenzeka. Uma ingadi encane, inganciphisa futhi iphinde ibe yimpande, ku-recess basal, engavumeli amanzi ukuba asakaze. Ngokuvamile, izithombo ezincane ziphuza ngokwanele ngesikhathi sokutshala kanye namanzi amabili noma amathathu emmpandeni phakathi nezinyanga ezimbili zokuqala zokuphila. 
Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ilitha lamanzi elilodwa (lokunisela eyodwa) linikezwa ngamalitha amabili amanzi. Kodwa izithombo azikwazi ukuthululwa, njengoba umswakama owedlulele usongela ukubola izimpande ezincane. Umgadi wensimu kufanele abe nokuhlakanipha ukuphatha ukuchelela futhi acabangele inani kanye nokwanda kwemvula. Ukugqoka okuphezulu Uma ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, umanyolo (i-nitrogen, i-potash) isetshenzisiwe emigodini yokutshala, kanti ukudla okunjalo kumbewu encane kuyokwanela wonke unyaka wokuqala wokuphila.
Uma umlimi engadini ekholelwa ukuthi inani elincane lomanyolo selisetshenzisiwe, kanti lapho kusetshenziswa izimila zasehlobo, izithombo zingadliwa. Ama-fertilizer anjalo avame ukuhlanganiswa nokunisela. Emanzini asetshenziselwa ukunisela, ungangezela: umquba omanzi osuselwa kumgquba wezinkukhu noma u-slurry, noma usebenzise izithako eziyinkimbinkimbi zemithi yezithelo.
Kubalulekile! Ngisho noma inhlabathi ingakhulumi ngokwanele, izitshalo ezincane zingcono kakhulu ukungondli ngonyaka wokuqala. Uhlelo lwempande lonyaka wezitshalo zokuqala lusebuthakathaka futhi lubuthakathaka, "lungashiswa" ngokulinganisa okungalungile kwamanyolo.Ukudubula Umlimi wase-gardener obeka izihlahla ezitsheni ezifisa isitshalo esifanele. Iminyaka emincane noma izihlahla ze-biennial zakhiwa izihlahla eziqinile. Amagatsha okudubula, isivinini sishiya amaqabunga amabili kuphela. Esikhathini esizayo, lolu hlobo lokusika izihlahla lungasetshenziswa. 3-5 Amaqabunga aqinile asele emagatsheni aqinile, futhi amagatsha abuthakathaka awanqunywanga nhlobo (alula nje amathiphu ngomgogodla).
Sezivele zakhiwe izitshalo ezindala ziyakunqunywa kahle, kuphela ukugcina isimo esinikeziwe.
Ukusika izihlahla ze-apula kanye namapheya okwenziwa nge-apula kwenziwa ngo-Ephreli. Ukusika izihlobo kwenziwa kusukela maphakathi noJulayi kuya maphakathi no-Agasti. 
Isicelo ku-landscape design
Indawo engadini ingahle ingajwayelekile ukuhlobisa ngosizo lwezitshalo zekholomu. Umqhele wezihlahla ezinjalo zingakhiwa kuye ngesifiso somgadi wensimu.
Ungase ube nesithakazelo kulezo apula zokuhlobisa kanye namapheya njenge: Nedzvetskogo apula tree kanye nemikhakha, Ussuri pear.Izithelo zemithi ngokuvamile zihlwanyelwe izinhloso zokuhlobisa ezindaweni zokudlala zezingane eziseduze nezindlu ezincane nokuguquka. Umphumela uyidolobha elidumile lase doll. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlobisa isimo sezwe ngokuvamile kuvame ukusetshenziswa hhayi izithelo, kanye nezihlahla ze-coniferous ne-deciduous columnar. Izitshalo eziguquguqukayo ezihlanganisiwe zihlangene nezihlahla ezinamagatsha agelezayo, izihlahla ezinomqhele okhanyelwe ngomkhonto - ezinezindonga ezihlotshiswe ngendlela engavamile (enezingqimba ezinamagatsha, imibhoshongo kanye ne-labyrinths). Izitshalo ezingavamile ze-columnar zithunjwa ngamagundane amatshe amatshe namatshe, noma eduze namatshe amakhulu.
Uyazi? Isici esithakazelisayo sezitshalo zamakholoni enomqhele ohlotshiswe ngendlela yebhola yilapho kudalwe indawo engafinyelela indawo enesibhakabhaka endaweni ephelele.
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo ezithandwayo ze-koloni ziphikisana kakhulu nesomiso kanye nesithwathwa, ziphikisana kakhulu nezifo zefungal kanye nesiko, izithelo eziphakeme nezithelo ezihlwabusayo. Yilezi zimpawu zemithi enemibala eye yaqashelwa ngabalimi emhlabeni jikelele, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kufanelekile ukukhula. Uma unikeza insimu encane ngokunakekelwa kahle nokunakekelwa kahle, kuyojabulisa ama-Hosts iminyaka eminingi ngobuhle bezitshalo ezinhle kanye nezitshalo ezihloniphekile.
