Incazelo eyinhloko yegama elithi "bonsai" ngesiJapane izwakala sengathi "okutshalwe emgodini (isitsha)" noma "njengesitshalo esitsheni noma epayipi." Ezimweni zanamuhla, igama elithi "bonsai" lisho isihlahla esincane, ikhophi eqondile yomuthi ojwayelekile noma isitshalo. Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda ukuthi yini isihlahla sama-bonsai saseJapane nokuthi ungayikhula kanjani kusuka emakhaya ekhaya.
Art bonsai
Ngokuvamile, lapho abantu bezwa nge-bonsai, bacabanga ngokushesha ngeJapane. Yiyo kuphela izimpande zalolu buci oluya emagugu amasiko wezwe elihluke ngokuphelele - eChina. 
Uyazi? Esimweni samaShayina, lobu buciko babubizwa ngokuthi "penzai" futhi buqala cishe ngo-231 BC.Ngokomlando, amaJapane aziswa kwezobuciko bokusebenza nezihlahla ezincane ngamakholi aseBuddha ayekade ehilelekile ekuhambeni kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo. Kubo, lobu buciko buyingxenye yenkambiso yenkolo. Bambiza ngokuthi imbongi ngokwanele - "Indlela eya ezulwini, egcwele imifino."Ubuciko obusha basakazwa kulo lonke elaseJapane ngesivinini somlilo wehlathi. Uhlelo lwemigodi, imithetho yokuhlobisa, ukubukeka kwezitshalo, ukuhambisana kwayo nezinye izakhi zokuhlobisa - konke lokhu kwakhiwe yiJapane. Baphinde baqaphela futhi bafezekisa izitayela ezagcina zakha isisekelo se-bonsai yesimanje. Okudumile kunayo yonke i-whisk, isihlahla esiqongweni, i-cascade, isihlahla se-calligraphic, isiqu esiphezulu, isiqu, u-bamboo namatshe, nabanye abaningi.
Inani lamathebhu we-bonsai lifinyelela ngaphezu kwezingamashumi amathathu. Okokuqala, kufanele sicabangele izitayela ze-classical ezithinta ubuciko. Bagxila ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yangaphandle ukuze kutholakale ama-miniatures asondelene nabalingani bawo bemvelo. Yini ebhonsa, ungaqonda kahle lesi sithombe.
Ekhaya, ungaphinda ukhule izihlahla zezithelo ezidalwa njenge-lemon, i-mandarin, i-pepino, i-citron ne-calamondin.
Tökkan lisho izitayela eziqondile zomlomo. Izici zabo zihlanganisa isiqu esiqondile: ububanzi esisekelweni bese sondela eduze. Isitayela sifanele izinhlobo eziningi kanye nezinhlobo zezihlahla, ngoba ziyingqayizivele. I-Tökkan iwuphawu lokuqina okungenakuqedwa kanye nesizungu esiziqhenya. 
Moyogi futhi kusebenza kubamele befomu elimele. Kuyathandwa kakhulu ngebhonsai abaningi balimi. Intshisekelo enkulu kangaka ihlotshaniswa nokuthi isakhiwo sesitayela asikhawulelwanga emithethweni noma eminye imikhakha. Ukuma kwamagatsha akulawulwa umklamo ocacile. Isimo kuphela - ithiphu, okumele ikhule ngokuphambene nomhlabathi. Njengomthetho, ibhonsai enjalo inesimo sencwadi S. Ngokwebhande ngalinye elisha kukhona amagatsha amaningi. Isitayela sibonisa ukulula okulula, ukuphikisana okungahambisani nezimo ezihlukahlukene, kanye nesibonakaliso senkululeko. 
I-Sykan ibhekisela kwisitayela se-oblique. Umehluko walo yizihlahla ezikhulayo ekhoneni emhlabathini. Lesi sitayela yisisombululo esihle sezinhlobo eziningi. Kuwuphawu lokuphikisa umoya noma ukufisa kwesihlahla kuya elangeni lapho kukhula emthunzini. 
Uyazi? Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, i-bonsai ingakhula amakhulu eminyaka, ihlala encane kakhulu.I-Sokan. Igama lesitayela kusuka kolimi lwesiJapane lushintsha ngokuqondile ngokuthi "isiqu esiphenduliwe." Kakade usuka egameni elilodwa liyacaca ukuthi liyini. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze ubonise isimo esifanayo emvelweni. Khona-ke izihlahla ezimbili zikhula zisuka emthonjeni owodwa. Njengoba kunikezwa ukuthi elinye lamagatsha linamandla kakhulu futhi likhulu kunelobili, ukufanekisela okufanayo emaminithi amancane, basebenzisa nje i-trunk kanye negatsha elingaphansi njengesiqu sesibili. Awekho ama-canon abukeka ngokukhethekile, ngakho-ke umuthi ungakhula kunoma yikuphi ukuma futhi uboniswe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo oluhle kuwe. Isitayela sikhombisa ukuqhubeka kwamasiko kusukela esizukulwaneni kuya esizukulwaneni. Phakathi kwabalimi, ubizwa nangokuthi "amawele" noma "indodana enobaba."
I-Kangai lisho izitayela ze-cascading. Ukuziqhenya kwayo kuboniswa ekudaleni ukukhohliswa komuthi okhula emgodini omkhulu futhi ngawo onke amandla ayo aphikisana nezimo, ukulungiswa kwezimo. Ukwenza lokhu, khetha amatshe aguquguqukayo, isiqu sakhe esigoba kahle futhi sakhiwe kalula. Ungakhetha phakathi kwe-cotoneaster, i-pine, i-pyracantha noma i-juniper. Liwuphawu olulula, olubonisa i-plasticity yezitshalo ezimweni ezahlukene. 
Bundes ummeleli wezindlela zakudala ezinzima kakhulu. Ngaphandle, lo mnqamulajuqu onjalo ubheka lokhu: awunayo amagatsha aphansi, futhi isiqu eside eside esibukhali siphela phezulu ngomqhele. Amagatsha awo afana nesibonakaliso se-calligraphic. Ibonisa ukuphakama kwomoya emkhosini waseJapane. Ama-miniatures ale fomethi abasebenzisa izihlahla ze-coniferous ne-broad-leaved. 
Ingabe zonke izitshalo ezifanele ukukhula?
Abalimi bezolimo abanolwazi bathola izindlela zokuzivumelanisa futhi zikhule ngokuphumelelayo izitshalo ezihlukahlukene ezimweni zasendlini. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yenjabulo nesithakazelo, zikhula ibhonsai kusuka ezincane. Abathandekayo abesabi ngisho nokuthi lokhu kuyinkqubo ende nobuhlungu. Kwabaqalayo, kungcono ukuthatha amakhophi akhiwe futhi nje ugcine ukubukeka kwabo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akubona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi angakhula kanjani umuthi we-bonsai kusuka enzalweni. Kodwa-ke, bobabili nabanye babhekene nombuzo wokukhetha isitshalo.
Ekhaya ungakhula encane enhle kakhulu, emnandi kakhulu emthini, okuzoba yi-mrtrali, i-ficus microcarp, i-fir, i-acacia yesiliva (mimosa), i-hibiscus, i-gardenia, i-ficus uBenic, i-cicasa ne-azaleas ekhula ngezimo zemvelo.
Leafy
Endabeni yezihlahla ezinamagatsha, abalimi ikakhulukazi bakhetha i-beech, i-hornbeam, i-willow, i-birch, i-maple yase-Norway, i-oak, umlotha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izitshalo zenjoloba. 
Izithelo
Uma ufuna ukukhulisa i-bonsai usebenzisa izihlahla zezithelo, khona-ke iplamu, i-apula noma i-hawthorn izokwenza. 
Conifer
Phakathi kwezihlahla ze-coniferous ulindele ukuhlukahluka okuhle. Njengomthetho, isihlahla saseKorea, umjunipha waseShayina, umsedari wase-Himalaya, i-cryptomeria yaseJapane, abakhethiwe noma abamnyama bamapayipi akhethwe kubo. I-thuja eboshiweyo, ama-larches aseJapane naseYurophu nawo athandwa kakhulu. 
Izici zokukhetha imbewu
Lapho ukhetha inzalo kunezici ezithile. Okokuqala imbewu kufanele ibe yintsha, ingapheli iminyaka emibili. Kuhle uma ngabe uneminyaka engama-ubudala ubudala. Okwesibili, imbewu kufanele ibe nokuhluma kwezinga elifanele. Ekhaya, ungakwazi ukudala kalula izimo zeminyaka yobudala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukufisa imbewu efrijini ngesikhathi sokubusika. Khona-ke, ngokufudumala kokuqala, imbewu kufanele ibhapathizwe emanzini afudumele futhi ivunyelwe ukuma amahora ayisithupha. Bese basuswa esikhwameni bese bagcinwa izinsuku ezintathu ekamelweni lokushisa.
Inhlabathi efanelekayo
Ukuze ukutshala kahle kwe-bonsai kusebenzise inhlabathi ekhethekile - esindayo, ekwazi ukugcina isakhiwo somswakama. Inhlabathi ihlukaniswe izingxenyana ezincane ze-5 mm kuphela. Le nhlabathi idlula emoyeni futhi iqukethe inani elikhulu lezakhi ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwesihlahla. Le substrate ibizwa Akadam Lapha nje kuphela efonini yayo ehlanzekile isetshenziswa ngokungajwayelekile kakhulu. 
Njengomthetho, ngokusekelwe kulo udala ingxube, okungezwa isanti, ubumba nama-humus. Beka inhlabathi ezinkomeni ezincane ze-ceramic nge-diameter enkulu. Leli fomu lifanelekile ngokutshala izitshalo ezincane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngaphandle kwezimpande zizwa zikhulu emkhathini ovulekile futhi kalula zithole amaminerali emoyeni.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokufika
Emva kwezinsuku ezintathu "zokuphumula" okwesine, imbewu izovuvukala. Lokhu kuzofakazela ukuqina kwabo nokulungela ukutshala. Amakhophi angenalutho kufanele akhethwe futhi alahlwe. 
Imbewu ehlwanyelwe kufanele ifakwe ezimbizeni ezikhethekile. Kumele kugcwaliswe kanje:
- inhlanganisela yesihlabathi ne-humus ku-1: 2;
- 1 cm ye-Acadam.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokutshala, i-substrate eyakhiwe kufanele iphathwe nge-fungicide.
Ngemuva kwezinqubo zonke, izithombo zihlanganiswa nefilimu, ngaleyo ndlela zakha umphumela wokushisa. Ukushisa okuphezulu kwemoya kungaba ngu-15 ° C.
Indlela yokunciphisa ukukhula komuthi
Baqala ukwakha i-bonsai cishe ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala (bona izimo).
Kodwa-ke, umbuzo lapha ukuthi unganciphisa kanjani ukukhula komuthi omusha.
Okokuqala, isitshalo sidinga ukutshalwe embizeni bese sinquma izimpande ezikhula ngqo. Okubaluleke kakhulu izimpande ezingezansi. Kanye nezimpande eziqondile, abagulayo nababuthakathaka nabo banqunywa. Esikhathini esizayo, ngesikhathi sokufakelwa okulandelayo, kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlaziye izimpande futhi. 
Enye indlela ezoba yinto yokudlulisela emhlabathini, engagcwele kahle izakhi. Ukubunjwa kwale nhlabathi kuyinto enhle kakhulu: peat, loam kanye namaqabunga abolile. Ngokuvamile kunesihlabathi esihlanganisiwe noma amatshe amancane. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi i-substrate enjalo inikeza izidingo ezingezansi zesitshalo, kubangelwa kakhulu ukukhula kancane.
Usengakwazi ukuhudula i-trunk wire ukuze unciphise futhi ikhule. Ungagubu lonke ubude, kodwa kuphela indawo ethile. Khona-ke, uma iqala ukuphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo sakho, ingasuswa futhi ibanjwe esinye isigaba. Inqubo efanayo ingasetshenziswa uma kwenziwa amagatsha ohlangothini. Kulesi simo, ucingo ludlala indima ye-clamp.
Futhi, njengendlela yokukhetha, kunganciphisa ukugeleza kwamanzi. Ukwenza lokhu, kuyadingeka ngezikhathi ezithile ukusika izinkuni ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ukuphulukisa nokuqinisa izilonda zalo, lesi sitshalo sizokhukhula ukusikeka ngejusi. Njengobhonasi, ama-burst amahle angabonakala kumagxolo. 
Indlela yokugcina ayifanele wonke umuntu. Ungamagatsha okusika izihlahla. Okokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha emva kokuvela kwezinso ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Sika ezingeni lezimboni ezimbili kusukela esihlahleni. Amagatsha aphazamisana nawo asuswe. Ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla akufanele kube izimbali. Uma kungenjalo, dlulisa inqubo kuze kube sekugqamile izimbali.
Kubalulekile! Ukusebenzisa kuphela lalezi zindlela, ungakwazi ukufinyeleleka encane eyaziwayo, ehambisana nalolu buci.Lapho imbewu isetshenzisiwe kakade futhi amahlumela okuqala avele, kufanele abhekwe ngokucophelela.
Ukunakekelwa okufanele
I-bonsai isihlahla esidinga ekunakekeleni nasekulimeni okufanele. Okokuqala, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umhlabathi wawuhlale unomsoco. Esinye isimo ukuhamba kahle emoyeni emhlabathini. Lokhu kungafinyelelwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ngezikhathi ezithile, vula ifilimu noma wenze izimbobo kuyo. Lapho nje amahlamvu okuqala evela, izithombo ezincane zivulwa ngokushesha. Khona-ke udinga ukuqhubeka ukumnakekela kuze kube yilapho inani lamaqabunga likhuphuka libe line. Uma befika kuloluphawu, izithombo zingafakwa ngokuphephile zibe ngopishi lwe-ceramic.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo sizokhipha izimpande ezisemqoka - kusale ingxenye eyodwa kuphela kwesithathu. Ukondla kufanele kwenziwe njalo. Isikhathi sokuqala inqubo yenziwa ngemva kwenyanga nesigamu ngemuva kokukhetha. Khona-ke udinga ukondla masonto onke. Esikhathini sokuqala, umanyolo onokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-nitrogen kusetshenziselwa lokhu. Ngokulandelayo, ukwanda kwephesenti. Ngasekuqaleni kwasebusika, bavame ukuqhubekela phambili ekugqoka, okulinganiselayo. 
Kubalulekile! Uma lesi sitshalo singahlali kahle, ukudla kwayo kumele kume.Enye iphuzu elibalulekile ekunakekeleni umuthi wesihlahla ukukhanyisa Ukwanelisa isidingo sakhe, udinga ukugcina izimpumputhe noma amakhethini avulekile njalo. Lokho kuphela angeke kwanele. Ukwandisa isibalo sokukhanya, sebenzisa isibani se-halogen noma se-fluorescent. Ngaphandle kwalokho ungathathi isibani se-fluorescent ngale njongo. Udinga ukubeka isibani endaweni ephakeme cishe isigamu semitha.
Ilanga eliqondile lilimaza isitshalo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuyivikela kuma-radiators, ama-drafts. Ukushisa okwedlulele noma ukuvuthwa komoya kungathinta kakhulu. Uma ulandela le mithetho, kuzomele kuvele izinkinga nezinkinga. 
Izinkinga ezinokwenzeka ekukhuleni
I-bonsai idinga umzamo omkhulu nokusebenza kanzima. Labo abaqala ukuhlangana nalesi sitshalo bangase babhekane nobunzima. Inkinga yokuqala ukuphela kwamanzi. Ekuqaleni, kunzima ukulungisa ukuthi imithi yakho idinga amanzi, kodwa uma amaqabunga ayo ephenduka ngokuphuzi futhi ewa, kuqala ukuwuthululela phezulu, njengokujwayelekile, bese uwafaka emaminithini ayishumi kwisitsha encane ngamanzi. Lesi sitshalo ngokwazo sizogcwalisa ukuntuleka.
Kungaba nomphumela ohlukile. Nale nkinga, inhlabathi igcwele umswakama futhi igcwele ama-moss. Kulesi simo, umane uthumele kwenye inhlabathi namanzi ngokulinganisela. Uma uthola izimpande ezifile ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha, qiniseka ukuthi uziqede.
Ngezinye izikhathi inkinga elandelayo ivela: ngesizathu esithile, umuthi awuwutholi amanzi, futhi uhlala emhlabathini. Lokhu kungenzeka uma uthatha i-substrate engafanele noma uma kunezinambuzane kulo. Okokuqala, udinga ukususa isitshalo futhi ushintshe inhlabathi. Qaphela: akumelwe uphazamise izimpande! Uma i-substrate ihlala ezimpandeni - konke kulungile, kungcono kunokuphula okuthile. Bese ufake i-bonsai esitsheni samanzi eselashwe nge-insecticide. Emva kwalokhu, kumele aqhubeke nokulungisa. Bonsai - ubuciko obunzima kakhulu kodwa ngokuqinisekile iyozikhokhela ngokuhle kwayo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu - landela imithetho yokunakekelwa.
