I-Columney weza kithi emahlathini ashisayo aseLatin naseCentral America (Colombia, Brazil, Panama, Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Guyana, Bolivia), lapho ezindaweni zemvelo kwakuyi-epiphyte (izitshalo ezinamathela ngokuphelele kwezinye izitshalo, ngokuvamile - ezihlahleni).
Esifundeni sethu, le ntombazanyana isetshenziselwa isitshalo sezindlu esiqhakaza kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi "inhlanzi yegolide". Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezinhlobo zamakholomu, imithetho yokulima nokukhathalela, kanye nendlela yokubhekana nezilokazane nezifo zezimbali zaseLatin America.
Incazelo
Lapho usemncane, i-columney ihlwithelelwe phezulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baqala ukuthanda, njengoba ubukhulu babo bekhula njalo. Lezimbali ezishisayo zihlala zivuthiwe njalo, eziye zahluleka kodwa ziviniwe, zifinyelela ubude buka-10-12 cm. Lezi vini zihlanganiswe ngendwangu ebanzi yamaqabunga aphihliwe. Amaqabunga e-columney anomumo wenhliziyo, ehlanganiswe ngengubo epholile, amathiphu aphilile kancane. Ubude bamaqabunga buhlukile futhi kwezinye izimo zingasondela ku-12 cm. Kokubili amahlumela namaqabunga alo mbali ahlanganiswe ne-pubescence emhlophe emhlophe. 
Uyazi? Ngokokuqala ngqa, izitshalo ze-columney zaletha izimbali ezingavamile eYurophu ngekhulu le-18.
Isihlahla siqhakaza ebusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi ihlobo lifika ezweni lakubo. Izimbali ze-Columney zinhle kakhulu, izici zazo zifana nama-orchid, zingakwazi ukufinyelela ubude buka-5-7 cm. Umbala wezimbali uhlukile: i-orange ekhanyayo, ophuzi omnyama, obomvana, njll. 
Sikukwazisa ukuba ujwayele i-epiphytes enjalo: tillandia, guzmania, asplenium, i-miltassia, i-venereal slipper, i-platicerium ne-vriezii.
Izinhlobo ezidumile
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zama-colum, eziningi zazo eziye zahlala zikhula endaweni yazo evamile. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zimbali ziye zasakazeka emhlabeni kabanzi futhi zikhulile njengezakhiwo zokuhlobisa emabhaleni, emasimini, njengemihlobiso emakhazeni nasemasimini.
Enye yezinhlobo zekholomu ethandwayo kakhulu I-Carnival. Le mbali inemaqabunga amaningi amancane asayizi amancane, ahlanganiswe ngengubo ecacile kanye ne-pubescence encane. Izimbali ze-Carnival zinemibala ephuzi ephuzi, kodwa emaphethelweni kukhona ukubhoboza kwe-burgundy. 
I-Columney Allen Wafika kithi ePanama. Leli zwe, eliseningizimu yeNyakatho Melika, livikele isitshalo esimnandi emahlathini ayo, izimbali zazo zikhulu kakhulu (cishe ngo-8 cm) futhi zibe nombala obomvu-orange. Amahlamvu alezi zinhlobo amancane, ellipsoid. Ihlasela ama-creeping noma ama-hanging, aqhubeka ekhula ngobukhulu. 
I-Columney Krakatau - mhlawumbe uhlobo oluvame kakhulu kulesi sitshalo ezweni lethu. Wadalwa ngabalimi ngokukhethekile ukukhula nokukhathalela ekhaya. I-Krakatau isuswe kusuka ku-Columney Banks, lapho indawo yokuzalwa kubhekwa njengengxenye enkulu yeNingizimu neMelika Ephakathi. I-Krakatau ibizo layo lihlonipha isiqhumane esingaziwa, esiyi-eruption eyenza yonke imibala efanayo engabonakala ngesikhathi sezimpawu zeColumney Krakatau. Amaqabunga alo mbali anesimo se-ellipse elongelayo, eqoshiwe embala obala omnyama obumnyama. Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza ngezimbali ezibomvu, zifinyelela ubude buka-10-12 cm. 
I-Columney yegazi elibomvu Futhi isimenywa esithandwayo sabathandi bezitshalo ezihlotshisiwe zokuhlobisa izwe lethu. Le mbala ihluke kakhulu kubalingana bayo: inamaqabunga amakhulu (kufika ku-30 cm), izimbali zakhiwa ngamaqembu futhi zibe ne-pubescence ebomvu ebomvu, amahlumela abomvu nesikhathi eside (kufika ku-1.3 metres). Izitshalo ezibomvu zasemakhaya zibheka izindawo eziphakeme ze-Antilles. 
Amabhange e-Columney inezimpande ezinomsoco ezinomkhawulo obunzima (ubude bufinyelela emitha eli-1). Amaqabunga ahlanganiswe ngengubo ye-waxy, i-underside inezindawo eziningi ezibomvu. Izimbali ziyi-tubular, i-orange-red-yellow, zifinyelela ubude buka-6 cm. 
Kubalulekile! Ukukhanyisa okwanele kungaholela ekwenzeni ukuthi i-columney ngeke iqhume ngokugcwele.
Ikhaya I-Columni Shida yi-rainforests yaseMexico. I-Shida inezihluthulelo ezingenalutho ezifinyelela ubude bamamitha ayi-1.5. Imbali ikhula njengommeleli okhanyayo wezihlahla. Iqukethe amaqabunga ama-oval-oval, avela, ama-pubescent kancane, engxenyeni engezansi ehlanganiswe namabala obomvu. I-columney ye-Shida iqhakaza kahle kakhulu, inezimbali eziningi zomthunzi obomvu, obomvu-beige (ofana nombala we-cheetah). Kusukela kulolu hlobo lwembali, ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zatholakala ngokuzalanisa, okusetshenziselwa kabanzi ekuklanyeni nasekuhleleni komhlaba. 
Ukutshala nomhlabathi
Inhlabathi yalesi sitshalo sokuhlobisa ingathengwa kunoma iyiphi i-flower shop. Uma ungenalo lelo thuba, ke uzilungiselele: uthathe u-50% wezwe le-sod, ama-25% amaqabunga ama-humus, 12.5% we-compost kanye no-12.5% we-sphagnum moss ne-sawdust encane. Lokhu akuyona inhlanganisela kuphela yokubunjwa kwenhlabathi ye-fishfish. Isibonelo, esikhundleni somquba ungafaka i-high-moor peat, futhi esikhundleni se-sawdust - i-vermiculite.
Njengoba i-columney imbali enezihlahla ezinwabuzelayo eside, kufanele ikhule emabhokisini okulenga noma i-flowerpot esiteshini. Khetha ithangi lokufika ngokubanzi ngokwanele, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo akufanele kube lujulile kakhulu. Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukutshala azibalulekile, into eyinhloko ukutholakala kwezimbobo ezingezansi ukukhipha uketshezi oluningi.
I-charm yase-Hispanic ekhula ngaphandle ukusika, futhi ukuze isitshalo sibe yi-chic futhi iluhlaza, okungenani ama-cuttings angu-4 kufanele atshalwe embizeni eyodwa. Uma kuphela isitshalo esisodwa esitshaliwe, emva kwesikhashana kudingeka siphume, ngakho-ke uzosiza ekukhuleni kwamahlumela engeziwe. Futhi ungakhohlwa yonke imithetho yokunakekela, ngaphandle kwalokho imbali izoba nezimfanelo ezimbi zokuhlobisa.
Izimo
Ukuze kukhule okujwayelekile nokugqamile kwe-columney, kubalulekile ukudala izimo ezifanele futhi uhlale uqapha izinga lokushisa, ukukhanya nomswakama.
Ukushisa
Ukushisa kwemoya egumbini lapho kutholakala khona imbali kuzoxhomeka kakhulu, kufaka phakathi i-bloom esebenzayo. Esikhathini esifudumele, imbali idinga ukudala umbuso wokushisa ozohluka kusuka ku-22 kuya ku-28 ° C. Kusukela ngoDisemba kuya kuFebruwari (cishe izinsuku ezingu-45-55), ikholomu kufanele ibe ekamelweni elinokushisa kwe-12 ... +16 ° С. Lokhu lokushisa kunomthelela ohlelweni olujwayelekile lokwakheka kwefihlekile.
Uyazi? UColumney wabizwa nge-botanist wase-Italy uFabio Colonna (ngesiLatini igama lakhe lokugcina kuthiwa "i-Columney"). Leli gama lanika imbali uCarl Linnaeus.
Amazinga okushisa aphansi ebusika ayohlinzeka ngokuqhakaza okusebenzayo kanye nezimbali eziluhlaza. Uma ugcina isitshalo emazingeni aphansi ngaphansi kwezinsuku ezingama-40, umphumela wokuhlobisa wesitshalo awukwazi ukulindela. Lapho amaqabunga amancane okuqala eqala ukuvela, i-columney kumele ibuyiselwe ekushiseni okuphakeme.
Ukukhanyisa
Indawo engcono kunazo zonke ebizwa ngokuthi "i-fishfish" endlini yakho iyoba amafasitela endlela esempumalanga noma esentshonalanga, lapho kukhona khona ukukhanya okwanele kokukhanyisa okukhulu kuyokwehlela imbali. Ukubeka imbali exotic engxenyeni esenyakatho yendlu akufanele kube, ngoba ukukhanya kuzofika kancane, kanti i-columney isitshalo esithandekayo. Uma ubeka ibhodlela lesitshalo engxenyeni eningizimu yendlu, bese ehlobo kufanele kube pritenyat, ngoba ilanga elishisa ehlobo lingabangela ukushisa amaqabunga amancane namahlumela amancane e-columney. 
Phakathi kwekwindla ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, "i-fishfish" ibhekwa kahle efasiteleni eliseningizimu noma eningizimu empumalanga. Uma kunokukhanya kwelanga ebusika esifundeni sakho, kudingekile ukuba ukhanyise ngokucacile ikholomu ngokusebenzisa izibani ezimhlophe noma zelanga.
Umswakama womoya
Izwe laseKolumney yizinhlanzi ezimanzi zaseLatini naseMelika Ephakathi, lapho kungekho khona ilanga elishisayo njalo, kodwa "izivakashi" ezivame ukushona. Ngakho-ke, ekhaya kulesi sitshalo udinga ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo umswakama omuhle. Kunconywa ukuba uchithe izimbali nsuku zonke izinsuku ezingu-2-3 ngamanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile, izinga lokushisa okufanele libe ngu-20 ... +22 ° С. Kanti futhi izikhathi ezingu-1-2 kudingekile ukuthulula kakhulu phezu komqhele wesitshalo ngamanzi afudumele, bese usomisa imbali endaweni efudumele.
Njengoba indawo yokuhlala yemvelo ye-columney yayingenaso isikhathi sokuphumula, ukuyidala ngokwanele, kungenzeka ukwandisa imvamisa yezimbali ze "inhlanzi yegolide". Ebusika, ngaphezu kwamazinga aphansi okushisa nokukhanya okunciphisa, zama futhi ukugcina umoya ophansi kancane. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezinsuku ezingu-28-33. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, imbali exotic ikwazi ukudala inani elifanele lembali efihlekile.
Ukuzala
I-Columnia ingasakazwa ngezindlela ezimbili: i-cuttings kanye nembewu. Indlela yesibili kuyinkambinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi engasetshenzisiwe ngabalimi be-amateur (lapho kusakazwa imbewu, izakhiwo zokugcina ezikhethekile kufanele zakhiwe, lapho kusetshenzwa ukushisa okuqhubekayo, umswakama nokukhanyisa). Ukusakazwa kwembewu kusetshenziswa abakhiqizi abaqeqeshiwe abahlale behlakulela izinhlobo ezintsha zamakholomu.
Funda indlela yokusakazwa yi-cuttings: rose, ipumeria, i-chrysanthemums, i-clematis, i-cross-stones kanye ne-royal geraniums.
Kubalulekile! Ukushisa kwenhlabathi yokutshala ama-cuttings kufanele kube + 20 ... +25 ° С.
I-cuttings cuttings "i-goldfish" ukuqala phakathi nonyaka noma ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Ukwenza lokhu, thatha amathiphu amahlumela ngobude buka 4-6 cm, lapho kukhona amaqabunga ama-3-5. Emithinini engamamitha amahlanu atshalwe ama-cuttings 3-4 (ungasebenzisa ikhono le-cassette futhi utshale ngesicu esisodwa). Izithombo kufanele ziphuze nsuku zonke, zikhanyiswe futhi zigcinwe ekushiseni kwama-20 ... +22 ° С. Kodwa ama-cuttings amancane awabekezelelani umswakama owedlulele (kwenzeka ukuthi amaqabunga aqala ukubola). 
I-Substrate for cuttings ilungiselelwe kusuka ezingxenyeni ezintathu ezilinganayo ze-humus, isihlabathi somfula kanye neqabunga lomhlaba. Ngemuva kokuba ama-cuttings amancane athole izimpande, kudingeka adluliselwe zibe iziqukathi ezinkulu. Lungisa i-substrate ngendlela efanayo, kodwa engeza umhlabathi omncane omningi. I-Columnaea ikhiqiza inqubo elula kakhulu, futhi emva kokutshala izitshalo, badinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, okusho ukusondeza, ukuchelela, ukukhanyisa, ukugcina izinga lokushisa, njll. Ukudla ama-cuttings asetshenzisiwe kufanele kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa umanyolo obunzima njalo ngesonto 2 Izinyanga ezingu--2.5, emva kwalokho ziphinde zitshale zibe nesitsha esijulile. 
Ukunakekela
Uma ufuna i-columney yakho ibonise zonke izimfanelo zayo zokuhlobisa, udinga ukuzinakekela ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ngendlela efanele.
Ukunisela
Amanzi okuphuza ekamelweni lakho "isimangaliso" kudingeka agcizelele emini. Ungathatha uketshezi ngqo emthonjeni, bese usishiya endaweni emnyama engenawo umoya usuku (ngokuvulekile, ukuze wonke ama-chloride nezinye izinto ezilimazayo ziqhume). Ukushisa kwamanzi okunisela kufanele kube + 20 ... +22 ° С. Ukuncipha okuncane kwalokhu kuvunyelwe, kepha kungavunyelwe ukusebenzisa amanzi okunisela, izinga lokushisa okungaphezulu kuka-30 ° C.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inhlabathi esitsheni esinembali kufanele ihlale imanzi, kodwa ingabi manzi (khumbula ukuthi ikholomu ayibheki izitshalo zelayisi nganoma iyiphi indlela futhi akudingeki ukuba ushiye ama-puddles eduze nezimpande zawo). Lapho inhlabathi ikhala kancane, imbali idinga ukuphuziswa futhi. Kungcono ukukhiqiza amanzi amaningi, kodwa ngamanzi amancane. Kumele ukhumbule ukuthi ukuchelela ngokweqile, futhi okungajwayelekile, kungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Imvamisa yokunisela ebusika kufanele incishiswe izikhathi ezingu-1 ngesonto.
Umanyolo kanye namanyolo
Phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula okukhulayo, okuyinto ewela ngokuyinhloko ngesikhathi sasehlobo-ehlobo, isitshalo kufanele sondliwe okungenani kanye njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili. Umquba womquba, ongatholakala emashalofini ezitolo zezitolo, kufanelekile ukugqoka. Izidakamizwa ezifanelekile "Hertica" ne "Kemira Suite." Noma kunjalo, kufanele kucatshangelwe i-nuance eyodwa ebalulekile: yenza isisombululo, ukuhlushwa okungaphansi kwezikhathi ezimbili kunalokho okuboniswe emiyalweni.
I-Columney ihluke kakhulu (ngokwemvelo) kusukela kuzo zonke ezinye izitshalo zasendlini, futhi uma idliwa ngokwemiyalo, amahlumela azokwenza ukukhula okuqinile, futhi lokhu kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni izimbali ezisebenzayo. 
Uyazi? Kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, amahlumela e-columney angafinyelela kumamitha angu-6-7 ubude.
Lapho lesi sitshalo sisesigaba sokuphumula, esivame ukuphela kusukela ekupheleni kukaDisemba kuya phakathi noFebruwari, ukudla okungeziwe ngeke kudingeke. Esikhathini sonke isikhathi, lapho imbali iba emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kufanele idliwe okungaphezu kwesisodwa ngenyanga.
Ukufakelwa
I-Columnaea ukufakelwa njalo ngonyaka (izitshalo ezincane). Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-4-5, izitshalo zifakelwa kabusha njengoba kudingeka (uma izimpande zalo ziyoba nesikhala esincane kuleli tangi lamanje). Ukutshala izihlahla kwenziwa ngokushesha emva kokuphela kwenqubo yezimbali, futhi amahlumela afushane kakhulu, angasetshenziswa njengento yokutshala (cut cuttings young). Ukufakelwa kwesitshalo kwenziwa kwisitsha esilungiselelwe ngaphambilini ngenhlabathi, okufaka amakhophu wekakhukhunathi kanye ne-sphagnum enunciwe. Ngaphansi kwebhodlela kumele ifakwe emanzini, futhi ibhodlela kumele libe nemigodi phansi ukuze ikwazi ukukhipha uketshezi okwedlulele. 
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ukungahambi kahle kwemoya ekamelweni, kanye nomswakama ophezulu kakhulu emoyeni nasenhlabathini kungabangela ukubola kwegreyimu esitshalweni. Isibonakaliso sokuqala salesi sifo isikhunta esiphezulu se-fluffy, elihlanganisa amaqabunga namahlumela e-columney. Ukulwa nokubola kwegrey, kufanele uqale ususe ngokucophelela izindawo ezithintekile, bese uphatha isitshalo sonke ngeZuparen, Fundazol noma iTopsin (sebenzisa ngokuya imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa). 
Ngezinye izikhathi "i-fishfish" ingahlasela izilokazane, enye yazo i-whitefly. Lezi zinambuzane zincane kakhulu, zihlala ngemuva kweqabunga futhi zivame ukuzungeza imbali. Ukuze ulwe nezinambuzane, udinga ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali akhethekile ("Aktellik", "Akarin", "Fitoverm"), okuyinto okuqhutshwa ngayo ngokuvumelana nemiyalelo izikhathi 2-3 nge-interval of 3-4 days. Futhi ezungeze isitshalo ungakwazi hang iphephandaba. 
Kubalulekile! Uma utshala isitshalo ngamanzi abandayo, amabala azoqala ukwakha kuwo.
I-spider mite cishe iyinambuzane ecasulayo kakhulu yezitshalo zasendlini, ekwazi ukuthelela ikholomu. Izimpawu zokuqala zokubonakala kwezibungu zesicabucabu zi-yellow specks kumaqabunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga abathintekayo aqala ukuwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kwenzeka ukuthi ekuhlanganiseni kweqabunga nge-stem kubonakala ibhulogi elincane, elifakazela nokuba khona kwesicabucabu se-spider. 
Ukulwa nalesi sidakamizwa esisetshenzisiwe "Actellic". Kodwa ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa, imbali kufanele ihlanjululwe kahle ngaphansi kwamanzi asebenzayo. Uma lesi sifo singasishiyi isitshalo, emva kweviki ukwelashwa kufanele kuphindwe.
Uma ungakaze uhlanganyele ekutshalweni kwe-columnee exotic ngaphambili, khona-ke ulwazi olungenhla luyoba ngokwanele ukuba uqale ukwenza leli bhizinisi. Into esemqoka - ukunamathela kwezobuchwepheshe obufanele bokunakekelwa kwezitshalo, futhi ubuhle bezimbali ze "inhlanzi yegolide" kuzokujabulisa njalo. 
