Raspberries - omunye amajikijolo owathandayo kakhulu abantu abaningi. Izithelo zokusajingijolo zivame ukubangela izinhlangano ezimnandi, zikhumbuza ukunambitheka kobuntwana. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo eziningi zama raspberries, futhi ngamunye wabo unambitheka, ubukhulu, ukuma kwehlathi, njll. Kulesi sihloko sizocubungula izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokusajingijolo zikaTaganka, sizokhuluma ngezici zayo eziyinhloko, kanye nemithetho yokutshala nokukhathalela.
Umlando wendalo
Lezihlukahlukene zokusajingijolo zavulwa ngo-1976 eMoscow. Ososayensi abavela esikhungweni sokuzalanisa nezobuchwepheshe bezolimo kanye nezingane zokubeletha babesebenza emsebenzini wokuzalanisa. Namuhla kunamaphuzu ukuthi i-Taganka okusajingijolo okuhlukahlukeneyo ingenye yezinhlobo zokusajingijolo ezisha, kodwa manje uyazi ukuthi lokhu akuyona imininingwane enhle kakhulu. I-hybrid yatholakala ngokuwela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene uKrupna Dvurod kanye nefomu lama-hybride yase-Scottish 707/75.
Incazelo kanye nezici
Umsayense-umlimi waseChina kanye namagceke akhe waletha lezi zinhlobonhlobo eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-40 eyedlule. Futhi namuhla, amajikijolo nezihlahla zaseTaganka azikwazi ukudideka nezinye izinhlobo zokusajingijolo.
Izihlahla
Isihlahla sama-rashibhiki kulezi ezihlukahlukene sihamba kakhulu. Idubula ubude bukhula ngokuma. Izihlahla zingafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili noma ngaphezulu. Amahlumela asemqoka, inani lawo ehlathini elilodwa lihluka kusuka ku-6 kuya ku-8, liguquguquka, linamandla futhi linzima. Amanothi anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, e-biennial ayimnyama. Kuhlumela ngalunye izithelo eziningi ezinamagatsha anamandla akhiwa, ezikwazi ukubhekana kalula nokuvuna okukhulu kwezihlahla. Amaqabunga aqoqwe ngamathathu ku-cuttings ngayinye. Zonakele, zidwetshwe ngobumnyama obuhlaza. Isikhulu esikhulu sameva sisezimpandeni ezingenamandla kakhulu futhi zidwetshwe ngombala obomvu okhanyayo.
Amajikijolo
Amajikijolo kulezi zinhlobonhlobo akhula ubukhulu obukhulu, ngisho noma izihlahla zingenakekelwa kahle. Isisindo esinqunyiwe samajikijolo we-shrub engahlambuluki sifinyelela ku-7-8 g. Ngenhloso yezimboni emhlabathini otshalwa, amajikijolo afinyelela isisindo sika-17 g. Abanye balimi baqhathanisa ubukhulu bezithelo zeTaganka ngobukhulu be-plums.
Uyazi? Ngokusho kwemibiko, owokuqala eRussia okusajingijolo kuvele ku-Yuri Dolgorukov. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokutshala kwakunjalo ukuthi amabhere kakade ayimangazi muntu ukuba avakashele ama-raspberries njalo.Izithelo zikaTaganka zivame ukukhanya okubomvu okubomvu, okwesibhakabhaka ngesimo se-oval. Isikhumba samajikijolo sinyene, ngakho-ke lapho kuvuna, izithelo aziqedi futhi azikhiphi ijusi (izinga lokuthengisa lamajikijolo liphakeme). Izithelo zemifino, elimnandi, elimnandi. Esinye sezici zabo ezinhle yiyona inombolo encane yezinhlamvu.
Ukuthela
Njengoba lezi zinto zokusajingijolo zihluka, ziveza izithelo izikhathi ezingu-4-5 ngonyaka ngamunye. Ngokunakekelwa kahle okuvela esihlahleni esisodwa sonyaka, ungakwazi ukuqoqa kuze kufike ku-45 kg amajikijolo. Uma ukhula eTaganka ngenhloso yezimboni emasimini amakhulu, khona-ke ihektare ngalinye lomhlaba likhiqiza amathani angu-20.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo
Umthetho oyinhloko lapho ukhetha ukuthungatha isithengisi esiqinisekisiwe. Ukuthenga izinto zokutshala ezimakethe zemvelo akufanele kube, njengoba abathengisi balapho bengalandeli ngokucophelela ukuhlanzeka okuhlukahlukene kanye nekhwalithi yezinto ezidayisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimakethe, ngokunganaki, umuntu angathenga umdlalo wesendle ozokhiqiza izithelo ezincane, futhi ezincane kakhulu. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuthenga izithombo ezinkantini ezinkulu noma ezitolo ezinkulu ze-intanethi. Lezi zinsuku zivame ukubambisana nezindawo ezinkulu zokulima futhi zinikeze umthengi izinto zokutshala eziphakeme kakhulu.
Okunye okudumile kukhona izinhlobo zokusajingijolo ezifana nalezi: "I-Giant", "i-Orange Miracle", "Ukholo", "I-Fairy Tale", "Cumberland" ne "Caramel".
Uma uthenga, qaphela ubude bamahlumela. Izithombo ezincane kakhulu ezincane zingasebenza, futhi kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuba zihlome endaweni entsha. Isithombo esihle sokutshala kufanele sibe namahlumela amancane angu-2-4 (abathengisi abafakazelwe bavame ukunikeza izithombo ngamacembe amathathu). Kumele futhi ukhokhe ngokukhethekile impande ye-shrub. Kumele ibe namandla, i-fibrous, ithuthukiswe kahle futhi ingabi nokubola.
Ukukhetha indawo efanele
Uma ufuna ukuqoqa inani elikhulu lemifino emikhulu futhi elimnandi ngonyaka, khona-ke udinga ukuthola indawo enhle yokutshala le shrub enhle kakhulu.
Ukukhanyisa
Bonke abalimi bayazi ukuthi okusajingijolo kuyisitshalo esithandekayo, futhi kufanele sitshalwe endaweni ekhanyisiwe. Ukutshala izindawo ezingafanelekile ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezingasetshenziswa noma phakathi kwezihlahla ezide. Kungcono ukutshala ezihlukahlukene zeTaganka eningizimu noma eningizimu-mpumalanga kwesakhiwo lapho ilanga lelanga lizobusa khona kakhulu emahoreni.
Umhlaba
Lokhu kusetshenziselwa okusajingijolo okulungisa kukhula kahle enhlabathini enomsoco ocobile. Izwe lokutshala izithombo kufanele livikelwe ekubetheni imimoya eqinile. Izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele lilele ekujuleni okungasondeli kunamamitha ayi-1.5. Ubuningi be-acid kufanele buguquke cishe ngo-6-7.5. Umswakama okhulayo wesayithi nendawo lapho amanzi amaningi athola khona entwasahlobo akufanelekile ukutshala i-taganka.
Ukulungiselela isayithi
Uma uhlobo lomhlabathi we-peaty lukhona esakhiweni sakho, khona-ke udinga ukufaka isendlalelo esingaphezulu kwamasentimitha amabili nobumba ngokufaka umquba. Lezi zinsuku, ngenxa yobuningi bama microorganisms ahlukahlukene, zizosiza ekuqhekekeni okusheshayo kwe-peat mass.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze silwe ne-beetle okusajingijolo ngesikhathi sezimbali, izihlahla kufanele zifakwe nge-insecticide nezifungicides.Kulezi ezihlukahlukene zokusajingijolo, kungcono ukulungiselela inhlabathi evundile ngokwakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukususa ungqimba ophezulu wenhlabathi kuya ekujuleni kwama-45-60 cm kwisayithi lokufika elizayo. Umanyolo we-organic and amaminerali kufanele usetshenziswe enhlabathini evuliwe. Abasimili bevame ukusebenzisa i-superphosphates noma i-phosphorus ufulawa, usawoti we-potassium, umanyolo we-nitrogenous, njll. Inani lomanyolo ngehora elingu-1 m3 lomhlaba ovuliwe lizoxhomeka ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi okukhona kusayithi lakho. Ngokuvamile, inhlabathi engamamitha ayi-cubic yokutshala ama-raspberries kunconywa ukuba isetshenziswe (isilinganiso samanani): 100-120 g we-superphosphate, 20-30 g wewosawoti we-potassium, u-80-100 g wamanyolo we-nitrogenous.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezidumile ze-raspberry remontant nazo zingafaka izinhlobo ezinjengo- "Hercules", "Atlant", "Heritage", "Diamond" ne "Monomakh's Hat".
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Taganka okusajingijolo ayithandi inhlabathi emuncu, ngakho-ke, uma i-acidity yenhlabathi iphakeme endaweni yakini, kufanele kube khona indlela elandelayo: 100-140 g we-lime isetshenziselwa imitha ngayinye elayini yomsele ovuliwe. Abanye balimi baye baqaphela isivuno esihle kwezitshalo ezindaweni lapho inhlabathi iqukethe umquba. Uma ukutshala kungenziwa ngesilinganiso samabhakede amabili ngehora elilodwa lemitha.Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo yokufika
Ngemuva kokuthi isayithi lilungiselelwe ukutshala, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nenqubo yokufika. Ngenxa yalokhu kubalulekile ukukhumbula umthetho owodwa: ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla ezilandelana kufanele libe ngu-45-55 cm, phakathi kwemigqa - 1.4-1.5 wamamitha. Imiyalo eqhubekayo isho lokhu okulandelayo:
- Ukutshala izimbiza kuleli phuzu kufanele usulungele kakade, njengoba ngaphambilini wawubandakanya ekususeni isendlalelo esivundile futhi ungeze umanyolo kuwo. Ukujula kwemigodi kufanele kube ngu-45-60 cm, ububanzi - 40-50 cm.
- Ngaphansi kwezingulube kudingeka udle umhlaba omncane wezwe elungisiwe. Bese uhlomisa uhlelo oluhle lwamanzi. Ngalokhu ungasebenzisa itshe lesitini noma elichotshoziwe. Ukucwiliswa kukhonjiswe kwendwangu engaba ngu-7-10 cm. Kusukela ngenhla kuhlanganiswe nengqimba encane yomhlabathi.
- Manje kubalulekile ukuphonsa u-40-50 g we-umanyolo obunzima wamaminerali phansi kwe-fossa, bese ufaka isithombo kuwo bese ufafaza umhlaba.
- Umhlabathi ozungeze isihlahla kufanele uboshwe ukuze kuvele umgodi omncane. Thelela ibhakede lamanzi emgodini bese ulinda kuze lifinyelele ngokuphelele emhlabathini.
- Khona-ke, vusa kancane isihlahla ukuze intamo impande ibe ngu-4-6 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi.
- Emva kwalokho, wonke umhlaba ungathululelwa emgodini futhi kancane uyinyathelwe kuwo.
- Emhlabathini wokutshala umquba. Ngalokhu ungasebenzisa izinhlanzi, utshani obomile, i-peat, njll.
Khumbula ukuthi wonke ama-raspberries aneminyaka engu-6-8 adinga ukutshalwe endaweni entsha. Kulesi simo, izihlahla ezindala, uma kunesidingo esinjalo, zithathele ezinye ezintsha. Ukutshala izihlahla kuqhutshwa ngenxa yokuthi isikhathi esithile esibekiwe siyakwazi ukususa yonke into esebenzayo yamaminerali emhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugqoka kulokhu kuzobe kungasebenzi.Ukunakekelwa okunamandla - isihluthulelo sokuvunwa okuhle
Ukuze uthole izithelo ezinhle nezinga eliphezulu zibuya njalo ngonyaka, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani kahle i-Taganka okusajingijolo.
Ukunisela nokuhlanganisa
Ikhwalithi kanye nokunambitheka kwezithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zokusajingijolo zizoxhomekeka ikakhulukazi enkambeni efanele yokunisela. I-Taganka iyinhlobo ehlukahlukene yokumelana nesomiso, kodwa nokho akusiyo ivava kamamela, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuyiphuza. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngesonto ekuseni noma kusihlwa ngokufafaza. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi ku-raspberries luhlale lungcolile. Phakathi nesikhathi esomile sasehlobo, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto.
Uyazi? Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwebhisikidi okusajingijolo okumnandi kungokwaseRoma lasendulo.
Izikhathi ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho i-shrub idinga amanzi amaningi: ukuqala kwezimbali nokuvuthwa kwezithelo zokuqala. Kulezi zikhathi, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi ukuchelela okunamandla kwenza umhlabathi okungenani u-30-35 cm. Nokho, ukuqhuma kwamanzi akufanele kuvunyelwe, ngaphandle kwalokho kungaholela ekukhuleni okunamandla nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Kuyadingeka ukuba ugcwale inhlabathi ngenkathi eshisayo ehlobo, lapho umswakama omuhle womhlabathi ozungeze izihlahla kufanele ugcinwe. Abalimi bezitshalo basebenzisa umquba: inambuzane eyomile, utshani, i-peat, izinaliti zephayini, umquba owomile owomile, amaqabunga omile, njll.Hlola imithetho yokunakekelwa nokutshala ama-raspberries entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Isigqoko sokuqala iTaganka sithola ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala. Umhlabathi ocebile ngamaminerali kanye nezinto eziphilayo uzonikezela ama-raspberries ngezinto eziwusizo kulo lonke unyaka. Isikhathi esilandelayo sokusajingijolo kudingeka sondle ama-humus, ngesilinganiso samabhakede ama-5 omanyolo owenziwe ngomanyolo ngamunye wendawo. Lokhu kungcono kakhulu entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngesikhathi sezimbali, i-shrub idinga ukondla ngesimo se-mulch. I-mulch kumele ivela kuma-humus amahhashi enotshani. Ukugqoka okunjalo kuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni ukushintshaniswa nokunciphisa inhlabathi. Njalo ama-raspberries asentwasahlobo ayondliwa ngama-fertilizer anamanzi. Ungabathenga kunoma yisiphi isikhungo sejedi ngokushesha ngeziyalezo zokusetshenziswa.
Ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo
Ukukhanda okusajingijolo kwe-Taganka akunazo izitha ezinambuzane. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi izimpungushe zivame ukuzihlambalaza ngamahlumela, bese zisuswa entwasahlobo ezayo noma ekwindla. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ama-parasites angaqala ukubeka ama-larva noma amaqanda kumahlumela okusajingijolo angewona, kodwa lokhu akulimazi iTaganka, ngoba amahlumela ayo aqala ukukhula phakathi kwehlobo kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zihlukahlukene zivikelwe ngokwemvelo kusuka ezibungu ezitshalweni. Iqiniso liwukuthi izithelo zalezi ezihlukahlukene zokusajingijolo ziqala ukuvuthwa kuphela ngo-Agasti, futhi azikho izimpethu ngalesi sikhathi.
Kubalulekile! Abandulela izinto eziphambili zokusajingijolo Taganka kukhona: pepper, utamatisi, amazambane, isitshalo seqanda.Kodwa, naphezu kwazo zonke ezingenhla, izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuvikela ama-raspberries akhe adingekayo. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zizoba emithethweni elandelayo yokunakekela:
- Ukwakheka kwenyanga ekwindla ama-raspberries.
- Ngemuva kokudubula, zonke izimpande ezikude zidinga ukuchithwa (kungcono ukushisa ukuze kusheshe zibhubhise izibungu zazo zonke izinambuzane).
- Ukukhulula inhlabathi njalo amasonto amabili kuya ku 2-3 cm.
- Ukumba ungqimba oluphezulu lwezinto zokusajingijolo njalo entwasahlobo.
- Ukuhlola njalo izihlahla ezinambuzane nezifo.
- Ukususwa okwesikhashana kokhula.
Qalisa
I-Taganka okusajingijolo iyinhlobonhlobo ende, ngakho idinga i-garter yekhwalithi nekhono. Kunezindlela eziningana zokugqoka ama-raspberries:
- Indlela ye-Shpaler. Ukwenza lokhu, eduze kwamahlathi okusajingijolo ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-3-4 udinga ukungcwaba okuthunyelwe ngamapulangwe. Kuzo ukudonsa ucingo ngobubanzi buka-4-5 mm. Amahlumela ahlanganiswe ku-wire ngendlela yokuthi wonke ubude obungama-70 cm anamahlumela angu-6-8.
- Indlela yama Fan. Phakathi kwalezi zihlahla ezimbili kuyadingeka ukucasha amakholomu ngokuphakama kwamamitha angaba ngu-2-2.5. Ukubopha ingxenye engakwesokunxele yamahlumela esihlahleni esifanele kanye nengxenye efanele yamahlumela kwesobunxele. Ngenxa yalesi garter sithola ikhekhe lokusajingijolo ngesimo somfana. Ukusekelwa kwabalandeli kukhuthaza ukukhula okungcono kwamahlumela amancane nokukhanya okuhle nokukhanya okukhanyayo.
- Indlela yokuhamba. Le ndlela ihilela i-garter yesihlahla esiyisihlahla sokusajingijolo esikhwameni, esikhonywe emhlabathini phakathi kwesihlahla ngokwayo. Le ndlela ayifanele futhi ayisetshenziswa kaningi ngabalimi abanolwazi.
Ukudubula
Ukusika izihlahla okusajingijolo kungadliwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Noma kunjalo, abalimi abanolwazi batusa izihlahla zika-Okthoba. Wonke amahlumela e-lignified kumele asuswe, bese eshiswa ngokushesha.
Uyazi? Ama-Raspberries angathuthukisa isimo sesikhumba ebusweni, ngakho sekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziselwa ukulwa nemibimbi.Uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno sokuqala sama-raspberries, khona-ke ekwindla udinga ukususa lawo mahlumela asevele akhiphe nge-secator. Zisuswa 3 cm ngaphezu kwehlumela eliphezulu. Ukuze okusajingijolo kuguqulwe entwasahlobo, amahlumela akudingeki asuswe ngokuphelele. Ezimweni ezinjalo, yonke ingxenye ephezulu isusiwe, ishiya kuphela indawo yempande, ayikho ngaphezulu kwezingu-30 cm.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
I-Autumn izihlahla ezibomvu izihlahla futhi zilungiselela ubusika. Amahlumela akude emazingeni aphansi ashiswa, futhi kuphela izimpande ezisemhlabathini zidinga ukubaluleka. I-rhizome yoMfula iTaganka imelana nama frosts asenyakatho aqinile ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ngakho asikho isidingo sokwakha indawo yokuhlala ekhethekile. Kodwa-ke, uma ufuna ukwenza ama-raspberries wokufakelwa entwasahlobo, awukwazi ukususa wonke amahlumela. Ngakho-ke, kumele bahlelwe phansi bese behlanganiswa ne-agrofibre. Inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu ingahlanganiswa nomquba wehhashi noma i-peat. Ekugcineni, ngingathanda ukuphawula ukuthi i-Taganka okusajingijolo ingagcinwa isikhathi eside ezindlini zangaphansi noma eziqandisini. Ibekezelela ukuhamba, futhi emva kokuphazamiseka akulahlekelwa izinto zayo ezizuzisayo. Imikhiqizo yezilwane ezivela kulezi zihlukahlukene Malinki ibe nephunga elimnandi futhi elimnandi uju ukunambitheka.
