Yonke insimu ayifuni ukujabulela ukubonakala okunempilo "kwamagceke" akhe, kodwa futhi nezithelo zazo ezimnandi. Kodwa kwakungekho lapho. Yilokho ngempela lowo nyaka, umuthi we-apula oyithandayo wenqaba ukukujabulisa nge-apula enomnandi.
Kungani umuthi we-apula ungatheli izithelo nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze esimweni esinjalo? Ukuqeda inkinga yokungabi nhlobo kwezihlahla zezithelo, okokuqala, udinga ukuhlola kahle imbangela. Kulesi sihloko sizokukhombisa ukuthi ungamsiza kanjani umngane wakho futhi uqede inkinga yokungabi nalutho.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi somkhiqizo we-apula sixhomeke ezintweni eziningi ezithintekayo: izinhlobo zemithi, ukutshala okufanele nokunakekelwa, uhlobo lomhlabathi, izinga lokutshala impova, ikhwalithi yezithombo, izimpande, njll. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukubala ngokunemba ukuthi yikuphi unyaka umuthi we-apula ozoqala ukuthela izithelo. 
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-apula ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka we-6-8 emva kokutshala. Ngokuvamile abalimi balinga ukusheshisa le nqubo ngosizo lokugqoka kanye nezindlela ezikhethekile.
Enye yalezi zindlela ukuhlanganisa ama-varietal cuttings kuma-rootstocks amancane. Njengomphumela walo msebenzi, ungadla ama-apula ngaphambi konyaka wesibili emva kokutshala. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi ukukhula komuthi kuzoba buthakathaka, kuyoba yisisindo, futhi isivuno siyancipha njalo ngonyaka.
Iqiniso liwukuthi umuthi ngamunye unezigaba zawo zokukhula nokukhula. Mhlawumbe umuthi wakho we-apula awuyinyumba ngoba usesezingeni elikhulayo lokukhula noma ungena esikhathini esigcwele isikhathi sokuhluma. Gcina ngaphakathi komqhele womuthi: uma kuqhutshwa izinkuni futhi i-ovary ingekho noma ingekho yedwa, khona-ke isikhathi sokukhula siphela futhi ungasheshe ulinde isivuno.
Uyazi? Kusukela ku-apula wesihlahla esiphakeme, ungaqoqa amabhokisi angu-20 wama-apula.
Izici ze-Varietal
Yizici ezihlukahlukene ezithatha isikhathi lapho umuthi we-apula uqala ukuthela izithelo. Uma ukuvuthwa kokuqala (ihlobo noma ekwindla) izinhlobo zemithi yezithelo zikhula engadini yakho, zizoqala ukuthela izithelo kwenye indawo ngonyaka wesine emva kokutshala. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zasebusika zizokujabulisa ngokuvuna kuphela ngonyaka we-7-8 wemisebenzi yabo yokuphila.
Izihlahla ze-Apple, ezixhunyiwe kwi-rootstocks encane, noma izinhlobo zekholomu, zizokubonga ngezithelo ezimnandi kakade ngonyaka wesibili. 
Isikhathi esiphezulu sokuqala kwama-apula we-fruiting eminyakeni engu-8-10 ngemva kokutshala.
Ngokuvamile kunezimo lapho isihlahla sinikeza isivuno esisodwa, futhi yilapho ukuzala kwayo kudonsa noma kuphelile ngokuphelele. Ungathathi ngokushesha izinyathelo ezinkulu futhi ususe umuthi onjalo. Abalimi abanolwazi bathi: Ngaki izikhathi umuthi wama-apula othela izithelo empilweni ngokulingana ngqo nendawo lapho ukhula khona, uhlobo lomhlabathi, ukuhambisana nemithetho yokutshala nokunakekelwa, futhi-ke, ezihlukahlukene.
Izinhlobo zasehlobo nasekwindla zivame ukhiqiza izitshalo eziphakeme kakhulu iminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu, kuyilapho ezinye zinciphisa isivuno emva kweminyaka engu-15 yokuhluma. Izinhlobo zasebusika zingakumnandi ngama-apula anakhayo eminyakeni engu-30 ulandelana. 
Uyazi? EMelika, ekhula i-apula ehlala isikhathi eside, yatshala emuva ngo-1647. Kunzima ukukholelwa, kodwa lesi sihlahla sisaba nezithelo.Inombolo yama-apula incike ngobukhulu bawo: ama-apula amakhulu, kancane kancane azokwazi "ukuthwala" umuthi.
Uma ngabe lesi sihlahla, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sigaba, siphuthukisa ngezikhathi ezithile, kufaneleka ukunakekelwa kwayo. Kulesi simo, konke kuxhomeke kumgadi wensimu. Ukudla okunembile kokudla, amagatsha okusika izihlahla, ukuchelela, ukunakekelwa nokunakekela ama-ovari - ukusetshenziswa kwemizamo enjalo kuyoba nomvuzo wokuvuna.
Ama-ovari amaningi
Ama-ovarie amaningi - lokhu kungenye yezizathu eziyinhloko ezivusa imvamisa yesithelo se-apula, ngoba kuvimbela ukuhluma kwemifino yemifino ngonyaka ozayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu lama-ovari livutha umuthi. Ngakho-ke, ungajabuli kakhulu uma umuthi wakho we-apula ugcwele umbala. 
Noma yisiphi isitimu esivundekile sizokuqinisekisa lokho Amanani ama-ovari amaningi kudingeka adle. Ungasebenzisa lokhu kokubili nangokwemikhemikhali.
Into esemqoka ekuqedeni ama-ovaries ngokweqile akumele ukulimaze imbali ephakathi futhi kungabangela umonakalo ku-inflorescence yonke.
Ukunciphisa imiqulu yama-ovari kuhlanganisa ukusika izimbali ezisebusweni ze-inflorescence engxenyeni yokuqala noma yesibili kaJuni, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo. Isiqu sembali kufanele sishiywe ukuze singalimazi i-inflorescence. Ngesikhathi esifanele uzowa. 
Ukwehlisa amakhemikhali ama-ovari kuyenziwa ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali anconyiwe (i-ammonium thiosulfate, urea, njll) ngokulinganisa okuvezwe emibhalweni. Le ndlela kufanele isetshenziswe ngemuva kokuthulisa imbali ephakathi kwe-inflorescence, eyenzeka ngosuku lwesithathu lwezinsuku zezimbali. Izimpande ezihlangothini zifakwe ngamakhemikhali ukuthi ziwashisa noma zivimbela ukuthuthumela.
Kubalulekile! Indlela yamakhemikhali yokunciphisa ama-ovari ayingozi kakhulu. Futhi akuyona ngisho nokufaneleka kokubala kokulinganisa. Endabeni yokuqanda emva kokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali, wena ngokwakho uzilahla isivuno.
Ayikho i-pollinator ehlukahlukene
Esinye sezidingo ezibalulekile zokuthola isivuno esihle semithi yezithelo kuba khona kwezinhlobo zempova. Iqiniso liwukuthi izimbali ngokwabo ziyizinyosi, zidinga impova ukuba ikhule. Yiqiniso, kukhona izithelo ezizimele, kepha i-apula ayiyona eyakhe.
Ngisho nasesiteji sokubeka ingadi udinga ukuhlanganisa ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezithelo nokuthi uzotshala kuphi ukuze ugweme ukutholwa kwempova. I-pollinination ehamba phambili iyenzeka uma kunezinhlobo ezingu-3-4 zezihlahla zezinhlobo ezifanayo. 
Uyazi? Ama-apula, aphuma, ungangeni emanzini. Imfihlo yilokho i-состава yokubunjwa kwabo - umoya.I-apple impova ehlukahlukene iyisihlahla okufanele singakhulumi ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-50-60 ukuze izinyosi zithwale impova ingavinjelwe. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza somuthi onjalo, ukwakheka kwe-pollen kuso, isikhathi sokuvuthwa kufanele sihambisane nalokho okuyimpova. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuba ugweme ukungahleliwe kokutshala izinhlobo ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-fruiting: izinhlobo zokuqala zeluleka ukuba zitshale eduze kwasekuqaleni, eziseduze - eduze kwasekupheleni.
Ukukhetha ama-pollinator amahle kakhulu kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo. Isibonelo, i- "Antonovka" izohambisana ne "Papirovka", "Rennet" - "I-Pepin yaseLondon", "Makentoshu" - "Antonovka", "Ukugcwalisa okugcwele" - "Suislepskoe", njll.
Zijwayele ukulimala ezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula: "Udumo kulabo abawinile", "Rozhdestvenskoe", "Ural bulk", "Krasa Sverdlovsk", "Orlinka", "Zvezdochka", "Ekrannoe", "Antey", "Uralets", "Champion" , "Sunny", "Candy", "Melba".
Indawo engalungile
Umuthi we-Apple - umuthi okhethekile. Kodwa, njengawo wonke umuntu, unesifiso sakhe. Akayithandi umswakama obuningi, ngakho-ke azincoma ukutshala lolu hlobo lwezithelo emahlathini. Kubuye kubalulekile ukucabangela izinga lemvelo engaphansi komhlaba: okungcono - 1.8 m ngamanzi eselula, u-2-2.5 m - enezinsalela. 
Indawo okuhlala kuyo isikhathi eside lapho amanzi okudonsa amanzi namvula ayifanele ukutshala izihlahla ze-apula, ngoba uhlelo lwazo lwempande lungase lufe ngenxa yobuningi obuningi. Inhlabathi engcono kakhulu yokutshala izihlahla ze-apula i-loamy ne-sandy. Umhlabathi wamatshe, umatshe ochotshoziwe noma isihlabathi unobungozi emsebenzini ogcwele wezitshalo zezithelo.
Ipulazi yezithelo ze-Apple kufanele livikelwe emimoyeni ebandayo yasenyakatho futhi linikezwe izinga eliphakeme lokukhanyisa. Uyazi? Izithelo ze-Apple zithatha amahektha ayizigidi ezingu-5 ebusweni beplanethi yethu. Yonke imithi yesibili emhlabeni iyisihlahla sama-apula.
Ukulimala kwamagatsha amancane
Bobabili abantu nezilwane, futhi imvelo ngokwalo iyakwazi ukulimaza amagatsha amancane e-apula.
Ukusika okungalungile kwamagatsha kungalimaza kakhulu umuthi, isikhathi esithile, kuwuphulukisa ngisho nokuholela ekufeni. Ngokuvamile, i-apula ihlushwa izivakashi ezingahambelwanga - izimbongolo namagundane, abangafuni ukudla amagxolo awo namagatsha amancane.
Kulokhu, udinga ukuthatha izinyathelo zokusiza kuqala - udinga ukuphatha amanxeba akhe. Ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa i-antiseptics (i-heteroauxin, i-sulfate yethusi), i-pitch pitch, ingxube ye-cow umquba womanyolo nobumba, okuvimbela ukusabalala kokutheleleka.
Emvelweni, kunezifo eziningi zezihlahla, phakathi kwazo kukhona ngisho nomdlavuza. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesigadini ukuhlola kahle lesi sifo bese uqala ukwelashwa ngesikhathi.
Ukusikwa okwanele
Esinye isizathu sokuthi i-apula ayiqhakazi futhi ingafaki izithelo kungukuphula umthetho we-agrotechnical wokusika izihlahla namakhanda. Ukufaneleka kwalolu hlelo olulawula izinga lokukhiqiza, ukukhula, impilo nokuthuthukiswa kwesihlahla. 
Isihlahla sesitshalo senziwa entwasahlobo. Ukwehluleka kwalolu hlelo kubangela ukuqina komqhele, ogcwele izinkinga eziningi.
Umqhele oqinile uyisibhakabhaka sezinambuzane zamaqabunga namagxolo e-apula, kanye nokugcina umswakama, okuvusa ukuphikisana kwamaqabunga kanye nokuvela kwezifo eziningi ezikhungathekile ezilimaza kokubili esihlahleni ngokwawo nasezithelo zawo.
Umqhele owenziwe ngaphasi komzimba uhlanganisa izithelo ezingenakusihlwa nezingenakusihlwa. Iqiniso liwukuthi izithelo azitholi ukukhanya kwelanga okudingeka zivuthwe. Ngenxa yalolu lwazi, ukuvunwa kwesitshalo kuzokwehla njalo ngonyaka. 
Ukungahloniphi inqubo yokunciphisa umqhele kubhekene nezinye izinkumanga ezingathandeki. Isibonelo, amagatsha anamandla ngeke avumele izithelo ezibolile ziwele phansi. Ama-apula azohlala esihlahleni futhi aqoqe izifo eziningi ezingasakazeka ezitshalweni ezilungiswe kahle.
Kubalulekile! Izihlahla zokuvimbela umqhele kufanele zenziwe minyaka yonke ekwindla noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ukuze ungabangeli izilonda ezijulile esihlahleni futhi ungashiyi iziqu.
Izinambuzane
Ukulimala ngokweqile ku-apula kungabangela izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene ezithinta kokubili umuthi nezithelo zawo. Ngakho-ke, qapha ukubukeka nesimo se "ward" yakho. Izitha ezivame kakhulu ze-apula ziyizi:
- I-Cancer It kuthinta amagatsha kanye amagxolo esihlahla, kuholela ekufeni foci of ukutheleleka.
- I-Mite Kudala umonakalo omkhulu emaqabeni nasemagqabeni. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngomthunzi we-silvery wamahlamvu.
- I-bark beetle. Izwa amagxolo namahlamvu omuthi, igxuma ukuhamba, okwenza ukuba ukomile nokufa kwezingxenye ezimele.
- I-Silkworm. Ivemvane ebonakala engenakulimala ekuqaleni kokuqala ingenye yezitha eziyinhloko zezitshalo ezincane.
- Scab - i-fungus elimaza amahlumela, amagatsha, amaqabunga, izimbali nezithelo zemithi yezithelo.
- Apple Mole - amaqabunga amaqabunga.
- Flowerbird - i-beetle edla amahlumela nezimbali zesitshalo sesithelo.
- Aphid - esinye sezitha ezithandekayo kakhulu zezihlahla, sivula "amasosha" abo ngenhlanhla, okuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa, ukukhula nokuchuma.
I-mineral oversupply
Ukulinganisela yisimiso esiyinhloko sokulima. Ngokuvamile, isithelo sezithelo se-apula sibonisa ukuthi kukhona amaminerali amaningi ngokweqile, futhi umlimi uyasondla izihlahla futhi uphuze ngokweqile. 
Hlola izinga lakho ngokucophelela - izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile ngamaminerali kulula ukubona:
- amaqabunga aphuzi abonisa ukuthi kune-phosphorus eyengeziwe;
- amahlamvu aluhlaza obumnyama - uphawu lokudlula ngokweqile nge-nitrogen;
- amaqabunga alula, ukukhula okuphansi kwezihlahla, izingxenye eziningi ezifile zibonisa ukuthi ugcwale i-apple ngesiqu se-potassium;
- ukunqwabelana kwe-boron nethusi kubangela ukuphuza nokuphuza ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphambi kwamaqabunga, ukugoqa kwabo;
- ukulungiswa kwe-zinc ngokweqile kuhamba ngamahlamvu embala obomvu noma omnyama;
- ukubukeka kwamabala amhlophe-obomvu emaqabunga - isibonakaliso sokudlula ngokweqile kwe-chlorine;
- inqwaba yensimbi igcwele ukuphuza nokugqama kwamahlamvu.
Kubalulekile!I-Apple glut of amaminerali akuyona njalo imiphumela yokubala okungalungile kokubala. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi inhlabathi ngokwayo icebile izakhi.
Ukuhlelwa kwamagatsha
Ukukhiqizwa kwama-apula ngokuqondile kuxhomeke kuhlobo lwamalungiselelo amagatsha: amagatsha akhulayo aphezulu - isibambiso se-fruiting ephakeme, esicacile futhi esifisa phezulu - akakwazi ukujabulisa isivuno esiphakeme.
Uqedile ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi indawo yamagatsha ukuthi i-apula ayithwali izithelo. Yini okufanele uyenze kulokhu? Gweba amagatsha aphikisanayo bese ehlumela ngendlela ehamba phambili usebenzisa inkomishi eyenziwe ngezinto eziqinile. Thepha igatsha elidingekayo emgodleni okhohliwe emhlabathini kusukela ohlangothini oludinga. 
Kuzo zonke ihlobo, bhonsa igatsha kancane kancane esiqondisweni esinqunyiwe bese usishiya kuleyo ndawo ebusika, futhi entwasahlobo ungayithukulula ngokuphephile igatsha esivele likhona. Amahlumela amancane ahluma kuwo, noma ayenqabe futhi, noma ususe.
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi i-apula ngumuthi okhulayo owodwa, futhi uvame ukukhononda ngokuthi "ukungabi nalutho" kwawo. Kodwa ukuze udle ama-apula anamanzi ahlanzekile, akwanele nje ukutshala i-apula. Usadinga ukunakekelwa. Imizamo ehlangene yomuthi nomuntu kuphela ezoletha umphumela olindelekile.
