Ungayondla kanjani i-dahlias yokukhula nezimbali

Ehlobo, cishe wonke amakhaya angahlangana nezimbali ezinhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi kakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo zalobu buhle kangangokuba akuvamile ukuphindwa. Lezi zimbali zibizwa ngokuthi i-dahlias. Zihlukahlukene ngemibala, ngesimo se-petal, nosayizi wezimbali, zijabulisa iso kusukela maphakathi nehlobo kuze kufike frost yokuqala. Bona, njengama-suns amancane, ngumhlobiso wanoma imuphi umbhede wezimbali noma indawo engaphansi kwedolobha. Ukuze ukhule kahle futhi kuqhakaze izimbali eziningi, kubalulekile ukuzinakekela kahle futhi wazi ukuthi kuzondlani.

Iziphi izakhi ezidingwa i-dahlias

Ukunakekelwa okufanele kuqukethe ngokunisela okufika ngesikhathi, ukhula, ukukhulula inhlabathi nokugqoka okuphezulu. Angithi phela, isitshalo asikwazi ukuthatha izinto eziningi eziwusizo kusuka enhlabathini evamile yengadi ukuqhakaza isikhathi eside. Ukunisela isitshalo kungabikho mvula kufanele kube kuningi, izikhathi ezi-2 ngesonto. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi akukho ukuzuma kwamanzi, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zingabola, okuzoholela ekufeni ngisho nesihlahla esidala. Kwisimo sezulu esomile, ukuze silondoloze umswakama, isihlahla kufanele sitshulwe emva kokunisela, sinisele futhi siphinde sinwetshwe futhi. Ukuze ulondoloze kangcono umswakama, inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla imbozwe ngotshani noma ngotshani obomile.

I-Dahlias - izimbali ezinhle, kodwa ezimnandi

Uma kunokushoda kwama-microelements, khona-ke lesi sitshalo siqala ukuba buthaka, umbala wamaqabunga uyaqothuka, kunokukhishwa kwe-peduncle. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, ama-dahlias anikezwa ezindaweni ezivulekile ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zomquba ngaphansi kwawo. Phakathi kwazo, indawo ebalulekile ihlalwa yizinto ezifana nomkhondo:

• nitrogen Uma isitshalo singenayo i-nitrogen eyanele, khona-ke ayikhuli kahle, amaqabunga ayo aphenduka aphuzi futhi awe ngokushesha, futhi izimbali zingase zingabonakali nakancane. Inani elanele lamanyolo e-nitrogen asiza isiqu ukuba sikhule siluhlaza, qinisa uhlelo lwesisu futhi sakhe isisekelo sokuqhakaza okuzayo;
• phosphorus Ngokuntuleka kwayo, ukukhula kuyama, amaqabunga athola umthungo onsomi bese ewa. Iphosphorus ivame ukuqongelela futhi iqale ukusebenza ngenkathi yezimbali. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-phosphorus, ama-dahlias aqhakaza ngemibala ekhanyayo nethambile, nezimpande ziqina futhi ziqine;
• i-potassium, ukushoda kwayo kunqunywa ushintsho kumbala wamahlamvu, lapho kuvela khona umbala obabazekayo. Amahlamvu awakhuli kahle. Kuvela kubo umphetho onsundu, njengokushiswa ngemuva kokushiswa. Uma ungathathi izinyathelo, khona-ke iziqu ziphelelwa amandla bese ziyeka ukukhula zibheke phezulu bese ziqala ukusabalala emhlabathini. Isilinganiso esanele se-potassium siqinisa uhlelo lwezimpande, sakha izimfuneko zokuqalwa kwesiqu esinamandla sokumile.

UDahlia, owondla

Umsoco wokukhula nokuqhakaza

Ukuze ube nezimbali eziningi, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale wakhe ingxenye eqinile yesitshalo.

Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa umanyolo ovela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zomanyolo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Basal kwenziwa kanjena:

• ezansi kwesihlahla, endaweni eyindilinga, bamba umsele ngokujula kuka-10-15 cm bese uwunisela kakhulu;
• sebelindile lapho amanzi egenwa enhlabathini, benza ukudla okunempilo;
• kuphela lapho ingxube yokugqoka ephezulu ingene enhlabathini, ikhefu limbozwa ngomhlaba.

Dahlias emhlabathini

Ukugqoka okwenziwe ngommbila okwenziwe ngomumo

Yini umquba we-dahlias othakazelisa abaningi. Namuhla, imakethe yemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa okuluhlaza imelelwa kabanzi izinhlobo eziningi zomanyolo. Ukuzisebenzisa akunzima. Kubalulekile ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele, funda ngokucophelela imiyalo bese uxuba kahle ingxube. Lapho ufafaza umkhiqizo, kufanele ulandele ngokuqinile imiyalo, uwudlulise ngomthamo noma inani le-liquid elithelwe ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa kungadala ukusha. Ukwethulwa kwengxube enjalo yezakhi zomzimba kubhekwa njengokuhlelekile ngokwengeziwe, ngoba zonke izinto ezidingekayo eziqoqiwe zihlanganiswa endaweni eyodwa. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:

• Umanyolo we-potassium phosphate;
• potasium nitrate;
• ammonium phosphate;
• nitrophos;
• ammonium sulfate;
• i-superphosphate;
• potassium chloride;
• ammonium chloride.

UDahlias Esikhathini Sokukhula

Okubi kokugqokwa kwamaminerali ukuthi banesikhathi esifushane futhi badinga ukusetshenziswa njalo.

Izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zomanyolo

Ekuthuthukisweni okuphelele kwezithombo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa hhayi kuphela umanyolo wamaminerali, kodwa nezinto ezi-organic. Izinto eziwusizo ezingumkhiqizo womsebenzi obalulekile wezitshalo nezilwane zihlukaniswa njengamanyolo we-organic. Azikwazi nje ukondla isitshalo, zisinikeza izinto eziwusizo zokukhula nentuthuko, kepha futhi zithuthukisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi ngokuyakha. Kungaba:

• ubulongwe;
• amaconsi ezinyoni;
• umquba
• Peat;
• humus;
• infusions amakhambi;
• umlotha.

Ziqukethe amaminerali amaningi nezakhi zokulandela umkhondo futhi zinomthelela ekwakhekeni kwesihlahla se-dahlia esikhula ngokushesha, ukukhula kanye nokuqhakaza kwezimbali eziningi, kuqinisa uhlelo lwezimpande. Izinzuzo zokwethula udaba lwe-organic zifaka phakathi isikhathi eside sokwenza umsebenzi ezitshalweni kuqhathaniswa nomanyolo wamaminerali. Ububi babo bungaba ukuqoqeka okuphezulu kokuqanjwa, kudinga i-dilution eyedlule ngamanzi.

Izithako zegciwane

Kubandakanya amagciwane ama-microscopic namagciwane enza i-microflora yenhlabathi futhi, lapho ehlanganiswa nenhlabathi, ayicebise futhi abe nomthelela ekutholeni izakhi zomzimba kangcono. Zingahle zisetshenziswe emhlabathini noma zisetshenziselwe ukucubungula izinto zokutshala ngokufaka oswakama. Izithasiselo zamagciwane ngokwazo azinazo izakhi zomzimba, kepha zisiza kuphela isitshalo ukusebenzisa umanyolo osetshenzisiwe.

Izithako ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ezithengiswa kakhulu ngamagciwane yilezi:

• IBaikal;
• Azotobacterin;
• Nikfan.

Imvamisa namaphethini wokuphaka

I-Dahlias, ngokungafani nezinye izitshalo eziqhakaza e-flowerbed, inesihlahla eside esiqinile nezimbali ezinkulu eziqabile ezidinga umsoco omningi. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka ondliwe njalo futhi njalo. Okufanele kube ngukushintshanisa nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimbiwa kanye nezinto eziphilayo. Ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu kwe-dahlia yezimbali eziningi kwenziwa kahle ngesikhathi sokutshala, lapho ungqimba lwe-humus lubekwa emgodini wembare wokutshala i-tuber. Futhi, lapho utshala ngaphansi kwempande, ungathela idlanzana lamanyolo wamaminerali. Ukugqoka okuphezulu okuphezulu kwenziwa ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2, ukwethula ukuxubana kwe-nitrogen ne-potassium okusheshisa ukukhula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwethulwa kwezakhi zomzimba kuhlangana nobuningi obufanayo. Maphakathi noJulayi, ngesikhathi sokuhluma futhi ekuqaleni kwezimbali, izithombo zondliwa nge-superphosphate ne-potassium. Emasontweni amabili kamuva, kwethulwa izinto eziphilayo. Kungaba:

• Isixazululo se-mullein;
• i-tincture yomquba;
• kukhishwe kukhula oluvuthiwe.

Ngakho-ke shintsha kuze kube sekupheleni kwezimbali.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu entwasahlobo

Entwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa lincibilika nje, izingosi zezimbali ziyabhalwa kabusha. Lapho ugaya, i-potassium sulfate yengezwa emhlabathini ngesilinganiso sama-gramu angama-20 nge-1 m2.

Ungayondla kanjani i-dahlias yokukhula, umlimi ngamunye unquma ngokwakhe, ngokuya ngemibandela yesakhiwo sakhe nokutshala impahla. Imvamisa, ukugqoka okuphezulu asisetshenziswanga empandeni kuphela, kepha futhi kufafaza ngesisombululo sezakhi zomzimba. Ukufafaza kokuqala kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngemuva nje kokutshala, lapho udinga ukuqinisa nezilimo eziyizigaxa ukuqala ukukhula ngemuva kobusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungiselela isixazululo se-nitrate nge-superphosphate ku-20 g yengxube ngebhakede lamanzi.

Umanyolo ehlobo

Ukuze uthole i-dahlia egeleza kahle ehlobo, kubalulekile ukwakha isihlahla esiqinile. Ngakho-ke, ngoJuni, kusetshenziswa umanyolo we-nitrogen. Isixazululo esisekelwe emanzini silungiselelwe kubo. Kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi engeza i-20 g yomanyolo.

Ukunisela ingxube yezakhi ezungeze isihlahla kude nge-10 cm ukusuka kwisisekelo, yenza umgodi oyindilinga, lapho kuthululelwa khona isixazululo. Ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza, isihlahla singafafazwa ngesisombululo sezakhi. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, okungenani izingubo ezimbili eziphezulu zenziwa ngokungeniswa kwe-mullein engxenyeni ye-1 litre yomanyolo amalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Isixazululo sihlanjululwe futhi savunyelwa ukusifaka, khona-ke i-20 g ye-superphosphate ne-ammonium nitrate yengezwa kuso.

Umanyolo dahlia

NgoJulayi, kwenziwa okungenani imvunulo emithathu ephezulu ye-phosphorus-potassium. Isixazululo silungiswa ngokungeza i-50 g ye-superphosphate ne-3-4 izandla ezimbalwa zomlotha wezinkuni 10 l wamanzi. NgoJulayi, ama-dahlias aniselwa nge-urea yokuqhakaza izimbali eziningi. Lapho isihlahla sesakhiwe, sidinga amandla ukwakha ama-buds aqinile nezimbali.

Ngo-Agasti, nezilimo eziyizigaxa zibekwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyasiza ukondla i-potassium nitrate ngesilinganiso esingu-30 g esihlahleni ngasinye. Kusukela maphakathi no-Agasti, ukondla kuyamiswa. Izakhi ezengeziwe zingathinta kabi ukwakheka kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nokwenziwa kwezinga lokukhula.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu ekwindla

Ngakho-ke ukuthi ngonyaka olandelayo i-dahlias ijabule ngezimbali eziqhakazayo, udinga ukunakekela lokhu ekwindla. Lapho isitshalo siphela, yenza ukugqokwa kokugcina okuphezulu ukuze kwakhele nezilimo eziyizigaxa nge-potassium sulfate. Umanyolo usetshenziswa kanye ngesilinganiso sama-gramu angama-30 esihlahleni ngasinye. Kusukela ngoSepthemba, ukondla nokunisela isitshalo kumisiwe ngokuphelele. Ukuvuthisa izimpande, iziqu zithambile.

Ekwindla, banakekela inhlabathi evundile yokutshala konyaka olandelayo. Lokhu, kuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi, izithako zokuxutshwa kwezakhi zengezwa ngesikhathi sokumba ekwindla kwendawo:

• Amakhilogremu ayi-15 we-humus, umquba noma umquba omusha ufakwa enhlabathini enesihlabathi nge-1 m2, exutshwe ne-3 kg yokudonsa izinyoni. Ingxube enjalo yezinto eziphilayo phezu kobusika izothuthukisa kahle inhlabathi;
• i-peat nesihlabathi yengezwa emhlabathini wobumba;
• ulamula oshelelisiwe wengezwe emhlabathini we-acidic ngesilinganiso sama-400 - 800 g nge-1 m2.

Ngaphambi kokumba uzungu lokutshala kwentwasahlobo ekwindla, amagremu we-superphosphate asakazeke kuwo, 25 g nge-1 m2.

Yini okungaba amaphutha lapho usebenzisa umanyolo

Lapho ufaka umanyolo, kuzoba okungalungile ukucabanga ukuthi lapho umanyolo uvundiswa kakhulu, kungcono isitshalo. Kwesinye isikhathi kungashiswa ngokweqile bese umphumela uzoba okuphambene nalokho, esikhundleni sesihlahla esihle esihlesi lapho kuzoba khona isitshalo esinobuvila nesibuthakathaka. Ukufaka umquba kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela. Ngaphambi kokufaka umanyolo e-dahlias ehlobo, ukuze aqhakaze ngokushesha, kubalulekile ukuthola ubuthi bomhlabathi. Kubalulekile ukuthi ngaphambi kokunisela izimbali ngesisombululo ngengxube yezakhi, umuntu kufanele acabangele ukubukeka kwesitshalo uqobo. Uma ikhula futhi ikhula, khona-ke kungcono ukungayigcwalisi ngokweqile ngokunisela.

Amaphutha amakhulu lapho usebenzisa umanyolo kungaba:

• ukondla ngokweqile, ngenani elikhulu lomanyolo elisetshenziswa ohlotsheni olulodwa, isitshalo siyayeka ukubona ezinye izinto zokulandela umkhondo;
• ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nesikhathi sokugqoka, awukwazi ukwenza umanyolo weNitrogen ngemuva kokuthi isihlahla sesikhulile futhi silungiselela ukuqhakaza. Bona, njengamanye umanyolo obamba ngokushesha, wethulwa ekuqaleni kokukhula;
• ungasebenzisi izidakamizwa eziphelelwe yisikhathi, ngoba zingaba yingozi futhi zilimaze esikhundleni senzuzo;
• Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqaphele ukufana kokufaka isicelo somanyolo ukuze ungadli ngokweqile isitshalo noma udale ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba.

Izindlela zokupheka zabantu

AmaDahlias ayizitshalo ezizithandayo zokuzalela abalimi nabalimi abaningi. Ngakho-ke, wonke umuntu othanda lezi zitshalo unemfihlo zakhe zokukhula. Nazi ezinye zazo ezilungele zombili izinhlobo zezinhlobo futhi zondle i-dahlias yonyaka:

• ukuvuka ngokushesha kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ngemuva kobusika, kufanele zifakwe kwisisombululo esilungiselelwe kusuka kubhakithi elilodwa nengxenye lamanzi afudumele ngokufakwa kwesipuni se-boric acid. Ukuba sesisombululo esinjalo kuzokwenza amagciwane asuse izimpande futhi avuke ekubandakanyeni;
• ukuze umhlaba ukhululeke, ngesikhathi sentwasa-hlobo bemba embhedeni we-dahlia, amagobolondo amaqanda achotshoziwe ayahlakazeka;
• Umanyolo nemvubelo kukhuthaza izimbali eziningi. Ebhakweni lamalitha ayi-10 amanzi afudumele engeza i-0.5 kg yemvubelo kanye nembiza engu-0.5 litre yejamu noma ushukela owedlule. Isixazululo sishiyelwe usuku lokuvutshelwa. Ukunisela, ilitha eli-1 lesisombululo lifakwa kumalitha ama-5 amanzi. Uketshezi lusetshenziswa ngosuku olufudumele kwelanga futhi akukho ngaphezulu kwezikhathi ezi-3 ngesizini;

Izimbali ezithandekayo nezithandekayo

• ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-bud, ukumiliselwa kwezinkuni zomlotha ngokufakwa kwe-superphosphate kwethulwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Ukuyilungisa ngamalitha ama-2 amanzi, engeza izipuni ezi-2 zomlotha wokhuni namagremu angama-50 we-superphosphate. Isixazululo siyashukunyiswa bese sishiyelwa ukwenziwa ngonyaka. Ithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukuthambisa ngokunamandla izikhathi ezingama-3-4 ngesizini ngekhefu phakathi kokusebenzisa okungenani amaviki ama-2;
• ukucebisa inhlabathi nge phosphorus kanye ne-potash top dress ikuvumela ukwelula isikhathi sokuqhakaza futhi ulenze lube muhle ngokwengeziwe;
• ukuchelela ukumisela sembabazane. Ibhakede le-nettle eluhlaza lithelwa ngamanzi okuvutshelwa izinsuku ezingama-3-4. Isixazululo esiphelile sokunisela sifakwa emanzini ngesilinganiso sika-1 kuye ku-10.

AmaDahlias ayizimbali ezinhle futhi ezithandekayo ezingumhlobiso omuhle wensimu. Kepha futhi kuyisiko elifuna kakhulu, elinezintandokazi zalo. Noma kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukungabathandi. Uma ulandela ngokuqinile uhlelo lokuphakelwa, ngakho-ke, umphumela ufanele ukujabulisa. Ukunakekelwa okuhlelwe kahle kuzokuvumela ukuthi ujabulele ubuhle bezimbali eziqhakazayo kuze kube yiqhwa lokuqala.