Ukubulala amafutha yizimakhemikhali ezisetshenziselwa ezolimo ezikuvumela ukuba ususe ngokushesha ukhula. Uma uhumusha leli gama, livela emlonyeni - "isitshalo", cide - "ukubhubhisa." Ngokwenqubo yesenzo, kunezinhlayiya ezikhethiwe eziqhubekayo (ezingezona ezakhelayo). Kulesi sihloko uzothola ulwazi mayelana nokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwezinqubo zokubulala izidakamizwa kanye nezici zokusetshenziswa kwazo.
Incazelo jikelele
Njengoba leli gama lisho ukuthi, i-herbicide eqhubekayo ibhubhisa yonke izitshalo eziluhlaza, kuhlanganise namakhambi ahlwanyelwe. Bathi, njengombuso, kuthinta imifino exhumana nabo, babhubhise i-membrane futhi baholele ku-necrosis noma ukufa okusheshayo kwezimila.
Kubalulekile! Zonke izidakamizwa ziyingozi empilweni yabantu nasezilwaneni. Ngonyaka wezi-2015, i-International Agency for Research on Cancer ihlukanise i-glyphosate ne-2,4-D njengama-carcinogens. Kunezifundo ezibiza umphumela wemithi elwa nokulwa nokhula ku-DNA yabantu. Ezolimo, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa cishe ama-herbicide angu-290.
Ukwelashwa kwesenzo okuqhubekayo namuhla kusetshenziswa kancane kancane, izinto ezikhethiwe zithandwa kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, asetshenziswa ngokubili kwezolimo, engadini, nasezindaweni zezimboni, ekwakhiweni, eduze nezindiza zezindiza nasemigwaqweni yesitimela. Ezolimo, zisetshenziselwa kokubili emsebenzini, emapulazini amakhulu, nasemapulazini amancane nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni. 
Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali we-herbicide yilokhu:
- okuphilayo;
- okungahleliwe.
- ukuqala kokuvela;
- emva kokuvela;
- jikelele, esetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezahlukene zokuthuthukiswa kwezimila.
- inhlabathi (thinta izimpande, imbewu, amahlumela);
- amaqabunga (ashintshe ingxenye engenhla engotshani).
Uyazi? Ezweni kukhona i-herbicide yemvelo. E-Amazonia, izintuthwane ziphila lapho i-asidi ibulala izitshalo uma ijova zibe izitshalo. wabo. Ngakho izinambuzane zivikela ihlumela ukhula, zishiya kuphela izihlahla zesiphukuphuku.Amafomu okukhululwa kwezidakamizwa:
- isisombululo samanzi;
- ukwakheka kwe-granular;
- inhlanganisela ye-powder;
- ukumiswa.
Izinhlobo
Zonke izidakamizwa ezilwa nokhula ngokwendlela yokuchazwa kwamakhambi kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili:
- uxhumano;
- uhlelo.
Ukulungiselelwa ngalunye kunesimo esithile sokusetshenziswa kwayo, izici zayo ezikhethekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlanzi ze-Callisto, i-Dual Gold, i-Prima, i-Gezagard, i-Stomp, i-Zenkor, i-Reglon Super, i-Agrokiller, i-Lontrel, i-Titus, i-lapis, i-Ground.
Othintana naye
Izinto zokuxhumana zithinta amaqabunga neziqu. ngokuxhumana ngqo nabo. Ziphazamisa izinqubo zokuphila ezivamile zotshani futhi ziholela ekufeni kwayo. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokusebenzisa kwabo, amahlumela amasha angase abuyele emuva, njengoba izimpande zingalutholanga.
Izimo eziphikisana nomswakama. Ziyasetshenziswa uma kudingekile ukubhubhisa izimila ngokushesha. Kuyi-toxic ikakhulukazingakho-ke, kuvunyelwe ukuwasebenzisa emapulazini abucala.
I-Systemic
Izinto zesistimu ukungena ohlelweni lwezinsiza zamagilebhisi futhi ngaleyo ndlela yasakazwa kuzo zonke izitho, okwenza ukufa kwabo kusheshe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izitho zomhlaba ezingaphezulu naphansi komhlaba zibhubha.
Ukwelapha okunjalo okuqhubekayo kusebenza ngokuphumelelayo lapho kusetshenzwa izimila zokhula ngesimiso esinamandla, kanye nokulwa nokhula olumi njalo.
Izici zokukhethwa nokusetshenziswa
Ukuze ukhethe isidakamizwa esifanele, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokucacile ukuthi iyiphi insizakalo ezosetshenziswa kuyo, lapho ukhula luni, nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela okumelwe ifinyelelwe.
Njengomthetho, amakhemikhali anezinqubo eziqhubekayo zesistimu afanele ukusetshenziswa:
- emhlabathini wezolimo - emasimini ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuhlwanyela kanye nesikhathi sokuvuna, ema-cottages ehlobo;
- ensimini - ukucubungula phakathi kwemigqa, kufaka phakathi izivini;
- ezweni elingelona epulazi - emigwaqweni yemigwaqo, ezitimeleni, emigqeni yamandla, emigwaqweni emikhulu, emigwaqweni, emapaki amadolobha;
- ekuthumeleni - ukubhubhisa i-algae evimbela ukuhamba kwemikhumbi.
Kuye ngomuthi lapho i-chemical substance ibalwa khona, kunezindlela eziningana zokuwasebenzisa:
- ukuqeda iminyaka, njengomthetho, sebenzisa ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ngesikhathi sokukhula nangemva kokuvuna;
- Ukuphela kokuphela kokuphela kokuphela kokuvuna noma ukugqoka ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi kwezitshalo.
Ukhula olunonya luyi-Hogweed, Wheatgrass, Purslane, Quinoa, Dodder, Chaff, Dandelions, Euphorbia, Ambrosia, Amaranth, Nettle.
Uma usebenzisa amakhemikhali aphikisayo, kudingekile ukuba uhambisane nesilinganiso esinconywe umenzi, kanye nezincomo zendlela yokuziphatha namakhemikhali.Kubalulekile! Njengoba izinto ezingcolile ziyingozi emzimbeni womuntu, kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuvikela. Kumele usebenze ngezinsuku ezingenamimoya ekushiseni kwe-16-25 ° C. Uma usebenza, kufanele ugqoke i-suit evikelayo egubungele umzimba, uvikele amehlo akho ngezibuko ezikhethekile, kanye ne-airways - imaski.Ukudla ukudla neziphuzo ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele. Awukwazi ukusebenza emva kokuphuza utshwala. Emva kokusebenzisa izinto zokuhlunga, kufanele ugeze, ugeze izinwele zakho uphuze ingilazi yobisi.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukubulala izidakamizwa kukhona izidakamizwa ezinomthelela owedlule, ngakho asikho isidingo sokusheshisa ngokuphathwa okuphindaphindiwe. Kungcono ukulinda umphumela wamasonto angu-2-3.
Akufanele kukhohliwe ukuthi izitshalo eziqhubekayo zibulala nezitshalo, ngakho-ke uma ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngenkathi ekhulayo, kufanele kusetshenziswe umshini wokuhlanza omuncane.
Ukwelapha isenzo sokuqhubeka (ngencazelo nesithombe)
Iqembu lama-herbicides angakhethi alibandakanya izinto eziphilayo (Roundup, Glifogan, Arsenal), kanye nakho konke okungahleliwe.
Cabangela okuyishumi okuvame ukusetshenziswa.
- "Arsenal". Isidakamizwa sinesisindo esikhulu sezenzo. Ubhekwa njengenye yezindawo ezinhle zokungena ezindaweni ezimboni. Kuhle kakhulu ekusingatheni inhlabathi eyizintombi. Into eyingxenye yayo, iyakwazi ukwenza okuthile kwezinye izitshalo iminyaka engama-4-5.
- "Glyphosate". Isici salesi sidakamizwa yilokho okusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziselwa uhlelo olusebenzayo esigabeni sokukhula okusebenzayo kwezitshalo futhi emva kokuvuna kokugcina, kunciphisa, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - nokuphela kokuphela kwe-amino acid synthesis. Kuhle ukucubungula izindawo lapho ukhula kufanele lubhujiswe ngokuphelele. Isetshenziselwa izivini, ezindaweni zetiyi, ezitshalweni nezithelo zezithelo ze-citrus.
- "Isiphepho se-Forte" - ukhula olusha oluncane lwezenzo eziqhubekayo. Uzibonakalise ngokwakhe emkhakheni wezitshalo eziqothulwa nezidakamizwa, kanye nokubhujiswa kwezihlahla. It isetshenziswa emasimini, izivini, ezintweni zezimboni kanye nomuzi.
- Roundup. Ikhambi elivamile, eliwela emaqabunga esitshalo, lihamba phansi futhi, lifinyelele ohlelweni lwempande, liyabulala. Ingasetshenziswa emazingeni ahlukahlukene okushisa. Kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa ku-dacha.
- "I-Tornado 500" - ukhula lwezenzo eziqhubekayo, ezivela kulo lonke uhlu lwezidakamizwa olunezinhlanganisela zalo oluthile lokuhlushwa kwemithi esebenzayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyanconywa kakhulu - kudinga imali encane yokubambisana indawo enkulu. Isidakamizwa singezona izinto ezisemhlabeni wonke ezinomphumela ofanayo kuzilimo zonyaka nesikhathi eside. Isetshenziswe emazingeni ahlukahlukene okushisa. Kungasetshenziswa ezweni.
- "Isibani". Isidakamizwa esisebenzayo futhi esingabizi. Ngenxa yokuthi ingena ohlelweni lwezinsana zezitshalo, ibabulala ngokuphelele, zombili izitho zomhlabathi kanye nenqubo yezimpande. Isidakamizwa sithandwa ngoba sisebenza ngokuphumelelayo nezitshalo zokhula ezifakwe eqenjini le-hydrophytic (sedge, cattail, njll). Ngemuva kokusebenza kwayo kungenzeka ukutshala izitshalo ezitshalwe ngesonto. Isidakamizwa asihlali emhlabathini, asiphazamisi ukujikeleza kwezitshalo futhi kufanelekile ukutholakala kunoma yikuphi utshani. Kuvunyelwe ukufaka isicelo epulazini le-dacha.
- "I-Grader" - i-herbicide eqhubekayo equkethe ukwanda okukhulu kwe-imazapir yamakhemikhali. Lithinta cishe wonke ukhula. Isebenza kahle kakhulu - ngesonto emva kokusebenzisa kwayo, wonke amakhambi afa ngokuphelele. It isetshenziswa kokubili ezimayini, futhi emapulazini siqu.
- I-Napalm. Kufanelekile ukubhujiswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zokhula. Esimo sezulu esishisayo, umphumela wesicelo ulandela emva kwezinsuku ezintathu. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuze kutholakale ukubhujiswa okuphelele kokhula, kuzothatha isonto. Izitshalo ezitshaliwe zingatshalwa ezweni elitshalwe emva kwamasonto amathathu.
- Isivunguvungu. Kufanelekile ukulahlwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokhula. Ayinayo imisebenzi yomhlabathi, okusho ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ngaphambi kokutshala noma yiziphi izitshalo. Lithinta zonke izitho zezitshalo. Uma kusetshenziswe kahle, emva kwezincomo zomkhiqizi, kungenzeka ukugwema ukulimala emhlabathini, abantu nezilwane.
- "Octopus". Iqukethe inani elikhulayo lemithi esebenzayo - i-glyphosate (usawoti we-potassium), evumela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngamanani amancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ayinayo imisebenzi yomhlabathi futhi ayinayo impumelelo ekushintsheni kwezitshalo. Efanelekayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokhula, ikwazi ukubhekana kalula nezikhathi zokuphela, ukubulala zonke izitho, kufaka phakathi izimpande. Ingasetshenziswa emazingeni aphezulu aphezulu kuze kube seqhwa kuqala.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-herbicide kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa:
- ukunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi bomsebenzi;
- izindleko eziphansi zezezimali;
- ukuphumelela okukhulu ngokumelene nokhula oluningi;
- ukuqinisekisa ukunyuka okuphawulekayo ekuvuneni okusanhlamvu, izitshalo, izitshalo nezimboni;
- isikhathi sokuzivikela ngokumelene nokhula - ezinye zingazivimbela ukuba zingabikho ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuvuna, futhi kukhona nalabo abanobuthi babo obusukela kuze kube kwentwasahlobo;
- kukhona izidakamizwa ezingasetshenziswa emhlabathini kanye nokuhlwanyela noma ukufaka umquba, okunciphisa isikhathi kanye nezindleko zezimali;
- ukugcina izinga elidingekayo lomswakama emhlabathini.
Uyazi? Emhlabeni kukhona indlela yokulawula ukhula ngokuphumelelayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali. Okumangalisa ukuthi, kuncike ekutheni inhlabathi akufanele iphathwe nhlobo, futhi emva kokusika, ukhula kufanele lushiywe ensimini njengombulunga. Lona uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi i-zero tillage system, noma akukho-till. Ngenxa yalokho, ikwazi ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini, ukuvimbela ukuguguleka komhlabathi, ukuvimbela ukhula ukuba luphule futhi lwandise isivuno sezitshalo.
Namuhla, ukusetshenziswa kwe-herbicides kuyindlela ephumelelayo futhi esheshayo yokususa umhlaba ngokhula, okungcono kunazo zonke isayensi nomkhakha ongakazenzi. Naphezu kokuthi amalungiselelo aphephile ngokuphelele kubantu, izilwane kanye nemvelo azange zakhiwe, ngoba umlando ongaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 wezokuthuthukiswa kule ndawo wawuthola izidakamizwa eziphansi. Uhlu lwamakhemikhali alwa nokhula namuhla lunkulu. Ukuze kubangele umonakalo obuncane futhi ungondli izihlobo zezitshalo nge "chemistry", kubalulekile ukunamathela ngokuqinile emithini kanye nemvamisa yokulima, okubekwe ngumenzi.
