Ngokuvame kakhulu kwezolimo, umlilo oshayayo ungakhula. Lena imifino engapheli esetshenziswa njengesondlo sezilwane zasemapulazini. Futhi, lesi sitshalo singakwazi ukucebisa inhlabathi nge nitrogen, ngoba ingayikhiqiza ku-carbon dioxide, edla emoyeni. Kamuva kulesi sihloko sizofunda ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yikuphi ukubhujiswa kwe-awnless, ukunikeza incazelo yayo, kanye nokunquma ukuthi ungayikhula kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinhloso.
Incazelo nesithombe
I-bezoti ye-Bonfire ibonakala ngotshani lwe-rhizome, engakhula ibe yi-1.5 m ukuphakama. Isiqalo salesi sitshalo sibhebhezele, sinamahlumela amaningi kanye namaqabunga. Amaqabunga ayesicaba, kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-10 mm ububanzi, emthunzini omnyama oluhlaza. Umbala ngaphansi kwezimo eziphansi zokushisa kancane. 
I-inflorescences yenhlobo ye-panicle, kuze kube ngu-17-20 cm ubude. Iqukethe izindlebe ezinkulu, ifinyelela usayizi we-15-30 mm. Izimpande zalesi sitshalo zinamandla kakhulu, zingangena emhlabathini kuya ku-2 m ukujula. Ngenxa yalesi sici sesistimu yezimpande, isikhathi esingapheli singakwazi ukubekezelela cishe noma yisiphi isomiso, sinikeze isivuno esihle sezinkuni ngisho nasezindaweni lapho imvula yayincane khona. Futhi, umlilo ongenawo ibhuloho ukhuthazelela ukubhekana nezikhukhula zesikhathi eside.
Ukusabalala kwe-rump phezu kwesayithi kungenxa ye-rhizome enamandla kakhulu. Ikhula kancane kancane futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ithatha insimu engaphezulu. Kusukela ezimpandeni ezincane zihlumela amahlumela amasha. Ngenxa yalolu hlobo lokukhiqiza, lesi siko kubhekwa njengenye yezinto ezihlala njalo.
Isigadi kufanele sibheke ezinye izindawo ezitholakala kulokhu utshani obungapheli: 
- Ukumelana nesithwathwa. I-rhizome enamandla ivumela isitshalo ukuba sisinde ngokuthula ebusika, ngisho noma iqhwa kulindeleke ukuba libe namandla kakhulu. Lapho izinga lokushisa liba lihle kakhulu futhi iqhwa liyancibilika, i-awnless brome ifaka ngokushesha ngokushesha amahlumela abasha.
- Lesi sitshalo singakwazi ukubekezelela izikhukhula ngamanzi ezikhukhula. Isimo esinjalo asisongela emlilweni ngisho nalapho kwenzeka ukuqhuma kwamanzi kuze kube izinyanga ezimbili.
- Isikhathi esingapheli singamelana nokugaya okuphindaphindiwe. Lesi sici siyigugu kakhulu futhi sinikela ekunciphiseni izinga eliphakeme lokufuna njengesiko lokudla. I-firefire iyakwazi ukukhula iminyaka eminingana endaweni eyodwa, ngenkathi ingahle ihlatshwe kabili ngenkathi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu.
Uyazi? I-Bonfire bezosti ingena emndenini wezinhlamvu. Lesi sitshalo saqala ukuchazwa yi-botanist odumile waseJalimane, uFriedrich von Leisser, ngo-1761.
Ukusabalalisa nokuhlala
Umlilo otshala unomphela utholakala eYurophu, nase-Asia Minor naseNyakatho Asia. Kuvame ukukhula emabhange ngamachibi nemifula, kanye nasemahlathini amancane nasemadlelweni. Omakhelwane abangathandeki kulesi sitshalo kuzoba yizilimo ezincane, ikakhulukazi, i-bluegrass, i-sverbiga empumalanga, kanye netiye le-meadow. Umphumela omuhle ekukhuleni kwe-rump unomakhelwane ne-alfalfa. 
Ukusetshenziswa komlilo
Amahlathi omlilo anamandla kakhulu, afinyelela ukuphakama kwemitha yemitha eyodwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sitshalo sibukeka sihlaba umxhwele kakhulu njengoba kuhlanganiswa utshani. Izici zokuhlobisa nazo zikhona phambi kwe-panicles-inflorescences enezilinganiso ezinemibala eminingi. Uma unikeza ukutshala okutshaliwe kwesitshalo, bheka isayithi kuyoba kuhle kakhulu futhi ijabule.
Ukwakheka kwetshani kulungele imifino enjalo: i-bluegrass, i-clover emhlophe, i-stylope mshank, i-shovel-bearing bearing, i-meadow fescue, i-red fescue.
Isici esibalulekile esifanayo somlilo wesikhwama ukuthi unomsuka ohamba phambili ode ubude obukhulu. Izakhiwo ezinjalo ze-rhizome zivumela isiko ukuthi sisetshenziswe ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi nokuvikelwa kwenhlabathi kusuka ekuhlanjululeni. Ngakho-ke kunconywa kakhulu ukusebenzisa imfucumfucu ye-awnless yokutshala izigxobo zokufakelwa kanye nemithambeka yemvelo. Ngenxa yokufika okunjalo, uhlaka oluqinile lwe-sod luzokwakha isizini esilandelayo, engakwazi ukuchithwa ngisho nemvula enezimvula ezinamandla kakhulu nezikhukhula.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungakhumbuli ukubaluleka kwepronta elingenalutho njengesitshalo se-hay kanye nesilwane esingakhipha isivuno esikhulu. Ngisho nasezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu futhi ezimweni zesomiso esinamandla, isiko singaba ngamaphesenti angu-50 ehektheleni. Utshani obuluhlaza bunomsoco, kanye ne-hay, ngoba liqukethe izakhi ezingenayo i-nitrogen-free kuze kufike kuma-43-47%, ngaphezulu kuka-20% we-fiber namaprotheni angama-20%. Utshani uthanda ukusebenzisa izilwane. 
Ngisho nalesi sitshalo esingapheli sizobe sihle kakhulu kuzo zonke izilimo zezitshalo, ngoba zingabuyisa inhlabathi. Ukulwa ngokuphelele nokhula, njengoba kungakwazi ukucindezela umsebenzi wabo obalulekile ngonyaka wesibili wokukhula kwabo.
Izimila zifanele ukudla kwesilwane: i-ryegrass yamadlelo, i-milk vetch, i-vetch, i-salvage, i-sorghum, i-corn, i-fodder beet, i-clover.
Izici zokulima kanye nezinga lokutshala
Ukuze ukhule umlilo, udinga ukuba nolwazi mayelana nokuthi iyiphi inhlabathi efanelekile kule njongo, futhi uma kungcono ukuhlwanyela lolu tshani.
Ukukhetha inhlabathi nendawo
Masinyane kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi sitshalo asizithobeki. Kungcono kakhulu ukukhula ezindaweni ezikhanyiswa ilanga. Ngokuqondene nomhlabathi, kufanele ube nomsoco futhi uphelelwe kahle. Isixazululo esingcono kakhulu ukukhetha inhlabathi ye-loamy noma enesihlabathi, futhi i-peat eyomile iyoba efanelekile.
Kodwa inhlabathi enomsoco ayifanele ukutshala i-rump, ngoba lapho khona isitshalo sizoqothula utshani obolweni. Kubalulekile ukulalela ukunakekelwa kwenhlabathi, kufanele kube phezulu. Ukusondela kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kunomthelela omubi ekukhuleni okungapheli.
Kubalulekile! Ukumelana nesomiso kwesitshalo kuphezulu kakhulu, kodwa emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwama-38 degrees utshani lungaphela. Noma kunjalo, lesi sitshalo sibhekene nesomiso lula, uma kuqhathaniswa nezihlobo zawo.
Izinkambiso nezinhlelo zokuhlwanyela
Ukuhlwanyela umlilo we-brothel Kunconywa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobocishe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ka-Ephreli. Ungaphinda futhi uhlwanyele eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi. Kubalulekile ukuthi inhlabathi ibe nemanzi ngokwanele, ngakho-ke akufanelekile ukuqinisa ngokuhlwanyela, ngoba emva kukaMeyi 10 inhlabathi isivele igcwele. Kufanele kufane okufanayo ngesikhathi sasehlobo, lapho umhlaba uvame ukuma, ngaphandle uma ihlobo lisa kakhulu. 
Ukuhlwanyela i-rump kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: avuliwe futhi ngaphansi kwesembozo sezinye izitshalo.
Uma ukhetho luwela endleleni yesibili, ukubekwa kufanele kwenziwe ngaseceleni kwesiko, esinezinga eliphakeme lokugcina umswakama. Lezi zihlanganisa i-frider millet nama-oats, uma ezosetshenziswa njenge-hay noma ubuningi obuhlaza. Zombili amasiko kufanele atshalwe ngesikhathi esifanayo noma ngokushesha emva komunye nomunye. Izinga lokutshala zonke izitshalo kulokhu kuzodinga ukunciphisa cishe ngo-20-30% uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso. Kodwa uma kwenzeka lapho kuhlwanyelwa umlilo ngenhloso yokuthola imbewu, kuzomele ukhethe indlela ye-bezoprovny kuphela.
Ukuhlwanyela ukuhlanza okungenalutho ngenhloso yokuthola ukudla, kufanele kulandelwe ububanzi phakathi kwemigqa yomyalelo we-20-45 cm. Izinga lokutshala ngehektare ngalinye kuleli cala lizoba ngu-12-17 kg. Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi ukukhiqizwa okuphakeme kwesitshalo kutholakala ngokuhlwanyela okubanzi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhambisana nalezi zincomo.
Kubalulekile! Kukhona ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinga lesomiso, inani lokudla okunomsoco wenhlabathi nobubanzi bokuhlukanisa umugqa. Abampofu inhlabathi kanye nokushisa kwesimo sezulu, ngokubanzi ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe.
Ukunakekelwa okungapheli
Naphezu kokungahlonipheki kokuhlala isikhathi eside, kudingekile ukuwuphaphaza ngokusemthethweni futhi ngesikhathi esiqondile ukuze i-rhizome enamandla ingapheli amandla. 
Utshani lukhula ngokushesha, kodwa kusadingeka ukuthi ulisebenzise ngezinjongo zokudlisa kuphela kusukela ngonyaka wesithathu emva kokuhlwanyela. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-turf enamandla izoba nesikhathi sokwenza. Uma ungahambisani nalesi sincomo, izilwane zizokwazi ukulimaza izitshalo, ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi, kanye nesitshalo ngeke zikwazi ukuphinda ziphinde zithole.
Thola ukuthi yiziphi izinto eziwusizo kanye namakhambi asetshenziselwa futhi asetshenziswe: i-immortelle, i-canuper, i-woodlouse, i-borage, i-tarragon, i-lemon balm, i-lemongrass ye-Crimea, i-horsetail, i-goldenrod, i-birdworm, i-Zubrovka, i-catnip, i-Ivilist stalker, i-sage imithi, i-lofant (i-Tibet, i-aniseed) , i-stonecrop evelele, i-stodecrop, i-wort yaseSt. John, i-veronica officinalis, i-kupena.
Abalimi abanolwazi bancoma ukuthi bahambisane nemithetho elandelayo:
- Isitshalo esibhakabhakeni asidingi izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesithathu ngenkathi. Kulesi simo, ingxenye engenhla kufanele ibe nesikhathi sokukhula engaphansi kuka-6 cm, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo ngeke sikwazi ukuphinda sithole.
- Ukwenza ukuphuma kwegazi ngesikhathi sekwindla futhi kamuva kuvinjelwe, ngoba i-photosynthesis izobe ihlaselwe futhi izimpande ngeke zikwazi ukubeka isisindo kwizakhi zobusika. Ngenxa yalokho, ngenkathi ezayo kuzoba khona amahlumela amancane kakhulu futhi umshini wesitshalo uzobuyiselwa phakathi neminyaka embalwa.
- Ama-Kostrets akhuthazelela isomiso kahle, kepha ngesikhathi esifanayo asibekezeleli ukusondela kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ngalesi sici ukuze ukhethe indawo efanele yokutshala.
Namuhla, abalimi basebenza ngokuzikhandla ekutshalweni kwezinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo ukuze zenzeke nakakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo kanye nesimo sezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kungapheli kuzosakazeka kakhulu nakakhulu.Uyazi? Isikhathi sokuphila se-bonus awnless silinganiselwa eminyakeni engu-5-7. Kodwa endaweni yesikhukhula (indawo ekhukhulayo phakathi nesikhukhula) ingakhula iminyaka eyi-15-20.
Ukulondoloza
Uma umlilo uhlelwe ukusetshenziselwa ukudla okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ungasebenzisa izindlela ezimbili: ukuthi badle ezindaweni ezinjalo zezilwane, noma ukuhlwanyela uhlaza oluhlaza bese uletha ukudla okunjalo endaweni lapho izinkomo zigcinwa khona. Kungenzeka ukondla izilwane kusukela esiteji sokukhula kuze kube nokwakhiwa kwama-inflorescences. Ukuqeda ukutshala kunconywa cishe inyanga ngaphambi kokuphela kwenkathi ekhulayo yokuphela.
Hay
Ngokuvamile sebenzisa i-rump for ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi. Hlanganisa utshani kulokhu kufanele kube esiteji sokubunjwa kwama-inflorescences. Kule nkathi lapho umlilo ucebile amaprotheni namafutha, futhi kukhona fiber encane kuwo. 
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi indaba eyomile esitshalweni iqoqa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa akukhuthazwa ukuba igule emva kokugaya, ngoba ivolumu yefayibha ekwenzeni iyakhula futhi izindonga zamaseli ziqala ukuqala. Ngenxa yalokho, izilwane zidla ukudla ngokungazelelwe, kanti inhlanyelo emzimbeni iyagcwala kancane kakhulu.
Uma sekwephuzile ngokuhlwanyela utshani, isivuno sesivuno sesibili sizobonakala sincane. Lesi sitshalo kumele siguquke emazingeni angaba ngu-5-7 cm ukusuka emhlabathini, bese utshani luzokhula kahle ngokwengeziwe futhi ngokushesha.
Imbewu
Isigaba sokugcina ekutshalweni kwethambo le-awnless liwukuhlanza. Qinisekisa ukulungela utshani kule nqubo kungase kusekelwe ezingeni lokuswakama kwembewu. Nsuku zonke, umswakama unciphisa cishe ngo-2-2.5%.
Indlela yokuvuna umlimi ngamunye angakhetha ngokuqonda kwakhe, ngokusekelwe esimweni esivamile sesitshalo, nangokunakekelwa kwesimo sezulu nokutholakala kwemishini edingekayo.
- Ukuvunwa okuhlukile kusetshenziswe ezimweni lapho imbewu ye-herbage ivuthwa ngokungenalutho, futhi okuqukethwe komswakama wembewu kungaba ngu-40%. Futhi, le ndlela ifanelekile lapho kukhona ukuqina okuqinile kwe-rump. Le ndlela isebenza kahle ezindaweni ezomile. Ukuhlwanyela utshani futhi kufinyelele emigqumeni. Ngemuva kokuphela ngokuphelele (ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-8), udinga ukuwaqoqa futhi uphinde usebenzise usebenzisa inhlanganisela.
- Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukuxhumana ngokuqondile ezimweni zezulu ezingaguquki. Kubalulekile ukugcina ukusika okuphezulu. Iqoqo elinjalo kufanele lenziwe esiteji sokumba imbewu kule panicle kanye nezinga labo lokuswakama ebangeni elingama-30-35%. Ngemuva kokuqoqa, kufanele usebenzise ngokushesha ukuhlanza kokuqala kwenqwaba kanye nokomisa. Kubalulekile ukuthi kungapheli amahora angu-3-4 phakathi kokuvuna nokomisa imbewu.
Isisindo esisele emva kokutshala nokubhula singasetshenziselwa ukondla izilwane ngendlela eluhlaza, noma ukumelela ifoni. Ukutshala izinsalela kuvunwa ngemuva nje kokuvuna imbewu, kungakapheli u-Agasti 20, ukusika kugcinwe ekuphakameni kuka 10-12 cm emhlabathini. 
Njengoba ubona, umlilo we-bezosti uhlukaniswa nokungahloniphi kwawo nokuziphendulela. Noma yimuphi umlimi angayilalisa, futhi ingasetshenziswa ngezinhloso ezehlukene. Kubalulekile ukuthi isitshalo singakhula iminyaka embalwa ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezibi.
