I-Kale: izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu nokunakekelwa kwezitshalo

E-Russia, i-kale ayithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi. Kepha emazweni ase-Europe naseMelika isimo sinjalo nje. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ekwakhiweni komhlaba, kepha abalimi baye bafuya izinhlobo ezifanele ukudliwa. Isiko alithobeki, lihlangabezana ngempumelelo nezimo zezulu.

Ngabe i-kale ibukeka kanjani nokuthi yini ewusizo

I- "Natural" Kale iyidlozi lezinhlobo zayo "eziklanywayo" ezinhlobonhlobo. Uyaziwa nangokuthi amagama abizwa ngamagama athi "curly", "gruenkol", "braunkol". Ihlukahluka kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zalesi siko ngokuthi ayakhi inhloko. Kuyi-rosette eqondile evulekile yamaqabunga. Mancane impela, kodwa aqhamile.

I-Wild kale ibisaziwa isintu isikhathi eside, yayitshalwa eGrisi yasendulo nasemazweni ase-Asia Minor

Ku- "zasendle" ka-kale, abushelelezi, acacile futhi akanamaphethelo abushelelezi. Kepha abalimi baphinde baphuca izinhlobo ezibukeka zingaxakile. Emaphethelweni amaqabunga aqhekeke kakhulu noma afane nomphetho. Nazo ngokwazo zidwetshwe ngombala opinki, obomvu, onsomi, onsomi, ompunga omhlophe, ophuzi, ongagqokwa, okuvulekile noma kube sengathi "kudwenguliwe". I-kale enjalo isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni komhlaba, ikakhulukazi eChina naseJapan, lapho izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlobisa zazalungiswa. Kepha e-Asia, akuvamile ukuba kudliwe njengokudla, ngokungafani nezindawo zaseYurophu nase-USA.

Amacembe ale nhlobonhlobo yeklabishi abukeka engajwayelekile futhi ahlobisa.

Impumelelo yabafuyi bezithelo abazuza njengefa kusukela ekulandeni kokungagugi nokwenqatshwa kwezinto ezingezinhle zemvelo nezesimo sezulu. Isiko eRussia lingatshalwa cishe yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwezifunda ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo se-Arctic. Ngaphandle kokulimala okuningi ngokwayo kuhlupheka ngokushisa okufika ku-30 ​​° C futhi kwehle ngo-15 ° C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga asindayo emithethweni yesimo sezulu esibandayo aqala ukuqina futhi anamakha ngokwengeziwe.

I-Kale ayitshalwa hhayi emibhedeni kuphela, kodwa futhi emibhedeni yezimbali, isitshalo sihle futhi siwusizo olukhulu.

U-Kale ubeka izidingo ezikhethekile kuphela kwikhwalithi yaphansi kwesakhiwo. Ukuthola isivuno esihle, inhlabathi kumele ibe lula, kepha iphilile. Ukuba khona okuphoqelekile kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini, kepha hhayi ngokweqile.

Ukuphakama kwendawo okuphumayo kuyahlukahluka kusuka kuma-30-40 cm kuye kuma-80-90 cm, ubukhulu bungama-50-100 cm. Yize emvelweni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo, kukhona imidondoshiya yangempela ekhula ibe ngu-1.5-2 m. Ikhumbula kakhulu izihlahla zesundu. Ukuzijwayeza kukhombisa ukuthi izisekelo eziphansi zinokumelana kangcono nesithwathwa, kanti eziphakeme zinezithelo eziphakeme. Eduze kwesiqu, amaqabunga asatshalaliswa ngokulingene, ame ngokuqondile, kuphela "ngokulala" ngokuwa. Okunye okuphawulekayo ngabalimi ukuthi ngokutshala okumbala kancane, isivuno sokuqala sivuthwa ngaphambili. Ubuningi besisindo esiluhlaza busikiwe ngoJuni-Agasti.

Ukutshala kusenesikhathi kusiza ekwakheni into efana nomuthi wesundu ekuphumeni kwe-kale

Isiko liyaphawuleka “ngokuhlangana,” hhayi “ukungena emzabalazweni” wezakhamzimba nezinye izitshalo engadini. I-Kale incane kakhulu kunamhlophe, obomvu nezinye izinhlobo ukuhlupheka izimpukane ze-keel nezeklabishi. Ingatshalwa hhayi engadini kuphela, kodwa nasekhaya. Ubukhulu bezitolo eziningi zivumela lokhu. Ekhaya, kuyazuza futhi ngokufudumeza umoya nokuwucoca nge-carbon dioxide kanye nokunye ukungcola okungenampilo.

I-rosette ye-kale ingaba compact, futhi isakaze ngokuphelele

Amaqabunga ale klabishi ayadliwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphilile kakhulu. Mayelana nokuqukethwe kwe-calcium, isiko lincintisana ngempumelelo nobisi, uvithamini C - olamula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le calcium idonswa kangcono futhi ishesha ukwedlula imikhiqizo yobisi. Kucebile futhi ku-amino acid Omega-3 ecebile, ayikwazi ukukhiqiza umzimba wayo ngokuzimele. Iziqu azidliwe, zinamafutha aqatha kakhulu. Futhi kungcono ukusika kuqala imithambo.

I-Kale imane ibaluleke kakhulu kulabo abanamathela ekudleni okunempilo. Lesi yisigcino samavithamini kanye namaminerali. Ungahlukanisa i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-iron, amavithamini A, P, PP, K, U, lonke iqembu B. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwalo kuphansi - kungama-kcal angama-50 kuphela nge-100 g. Lesi sici senza imifino ibe isengezo ebaluleke kakhulu kunoma yikuphi ukudla, noma imifino. Ngempela, ama-200 g amaqabunga aqukethe amaprotheni nsuku zonke ama-protein nama-amino acid (i-thiamine, niacin, i-choline), umthombo oyinhloko wayo okuyinyama.

Isaladi le-Kale liyindawo yokugcina isitolo yamavithamini, ungangeza eminye imifino namakhambi amasha kuyo

Iklabishi, elidwetshwe kuzo zonke izithunzi ezibomvu nokubomvu, linothile kuma-antioxidants. Lezi zinto zivimbela inqubo yokuguga, zivuselele ukuvuselelwa kweseli, zithinte kahle ukungazinzi komzimba. Ngokusebenzisa imifino ejwayelekile ekudleni, ingozi yokuthola isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, isimila, okubandakanya ukulimala, izifo ezihlangene, iyancipha, isimo sesikhumba, izipikili nezinwele kuyathuthuka, futhi nesimo sepheshana lesisu sijwayelekile. Uma kunezinkinga ngohlelo lwe-endocrine, kungakuhle ukuthi uthintane nodokotela wezempilo ngaphambi kokufaka amaqabunga ekudleni.

Le iklabishi liyingxenye yezitsha eziningi zikazwelonke zokudla kwaseYurophu nase-Asia. Isobho lenziwa kusuka kulo eTurkey, eJapan - isiphuzo semifino esijabulisayo esibizwa nge- "aojiru", eNetherlands - isipuni (amazambane abunjiwe avela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zemifino ngamasoseji). Emazweni amaningi asempumalanga, izisekelo zamaqabunga ziwumhlobiso wendabuko weThebula New Year.

I-Aojiro yisiphuzo esithandwa kakhulu futhi esinempilo eJapan, esinye sezithako esiyi-kale

Ukunambitheka kwamaqabunga kumunyu kancane, kukukhumbuza ama-radicals, kepha lokhu kusweleka kungaqedwa ngokuwaqhulula noma ukuwohloka ngamanzi abilayo. Sebenzisa le iklabishi futhi okusha. Amacembe ama-Braised ahamba kahle nelayisi. Izinongo ezifanele nezithosi zikakhonkolo, ikhumini, ugalikhi, upelepele. Ukuphela kwento okungafanele ukwenze ukuyithosa ebhotheni noma kwamanye amafutha ezilwane. Amaqabunga athola ukunambitheka okungathandeki kwesibabule.

Ividiyo: incazelo ye-kale nezinzuzo zayo zezempilo

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu

Azikho izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu ze-kale ezifuyiswa abafuyi. Ziyahlukahluka ngokubukeka. Zonke izinhlobonhlobo kanye nzalo akuzona eziyigugu ekunakekelweni, ukumelana ebandayo. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kuphela semifino siyahluka kancane.

Ngokuvamile okutshalwe ku-kale:

• U-Kale (naye kwesinye isikhathi otholakala ngaphansi kwegama "cale"). Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zazo, ezinamaqabunga abomvu naluhlaza, kanti kokuqala, isimilo se-hue esibomvu ngokubukeka kwezinhlobonhlobo sivela kuphela ngemuva kwesithwathwa sokuqala. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, amahlamvu adwetshwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Ukuvunwa kunganqunywa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-70-75 ngemuva kokuqhuma. Lezi zinhlobo zombili zibonakaliswa ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwezicubu zamavithamini (ikakhulukazi uC no-K), ama-amino acid. Amaqabunga anemiphetho enamathambo afana nentambo ehlanganisiwe. Ukuphakama kokuphuma kuka-60-80 cm.
• I-Redbor F1. I-Dutch hybrid esekupheleni kwesivuthiwe, efakwe Kurejista Yombuso YaseRussia Federation. Isiqu sikude, kusuka kude lapho isitshalo sifana nomuthi wesundu. Ukuphakama kwaso kufinyelela ku-80 cm. Ngaphambili iklabishi selitshaliwe, isikhathi eside isiqu. Isikhathi esifanele sokubekwa kwesandla "sesandla" yiminyaka eyishumi yokugcina kaMashi. Ukukhishwa kunemidwebo emile mpo. Umbala wamaqabunga ama- "curly" angaba bomvu okhanyayo, obomvu ngombala obomvu, kanye no-inki violet - kuya ngokuthi izitshalo zithole ilanga elingakanani. I-hybrid ayesabi isithwathwa, iklabishi entsha ingadliwa ngisho nasebusika, ikha amaqabunga eqhweni. Ziba zithambile futhi zi-juicier. Iklabishi laziswa kakhulu ngokunambitheka kwalo; Ihlanganisa ngokumangalisayo njengesitsha esisehlangothini kanye nezitsha zenyama nezinhlanzi, kuyadingeka ukuyithambisa ngenani elincane lamafutha. Ukukhiqiza - 0,3-0.7 kg of okuhlaza okotshani ngamunye.
• Reflex F1. Ama-hybrid asemaphakathi sekwephuzile afakwa kuRegional State yeRussian Federation. Ukuphakama kwesakhiwo esishiywe mpo cishe kungamasentimitha angama-80. Ngaphandle kokubandlulula ngokwako, kunokwehla okuqhubekayo kwezinga lokushisa kuya ku-18 ° C. Lapho utshala, kubalulekile ukulandela iphethini enconyiwe, kushiye okungenani amasentimitha angama-60 phakathi kwezitshalo.Amahlamvu atholakala kakhulu, aluhlaza grey. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuklebhula kuphela abangaphezulu, kusale abangaphansi kuze kube kuphela isikhathi sokukhula, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo siyafa. I-hybrid ingenye edume kakhulu phakathi kwabapheki abangochwepheshe. Inesivuno esihle - kusuka esitshalweni esisodwa phakathi nenkathi ithola u-0.3-1.4 kg wesisindo eluhlaza.
• I-Tuscany emnyama. Isokhethi liphansi, lisakazeka. Amaqabunga makhulu, matte, luhlaza ngombala omnyama nge-tolol-violet tint. Ingaphezulu linamanzi amaningi, kungathi “ngamabhamu” ngaphansi. Bafana neklabishi le-savoy. Isikhathi ukusika imifino kusuka kusuka ekuqaleni kukaJuni kuya ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba.
• I-Tintoretto. Kushiya "curly", umucu. Isokhethi aliphezulu. Isivuno sihle kakhulu - i-0.5-1 kg yohlaza ngokuhlaza kwisitshalo ngasinye. Ayikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokuhluma okuhle. Ukuvuna kuvuthwa ngezinsuku eziyi-100-110.
• IsiSiberia. Naphezu kwegama lawo, izinhlobonhlobo ziyadingeka kakhulu emazweni aseNyakatho Yurophu ngenxa yokumelana okuhle nesithwathwa. Futhi, le klabishi yaziswa kakhulu ngokungatheleleki kwayo okuphezulu kwe- "innate" kwezifo kanye nezinambuzane ezijwayelekile zesiko. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa semifino e-Urals naseSiberia cishe siyizinsuku ezingama-80 lapho sikhule ngezithombo. Amaqabunga anganqunywa kuze kube nguDisemba-Janawari, ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphansi baba nesithambile futhi simnandi.
• Prime. Izinhlobo ze-Ultra-zakuqala. Kubaluleke kakhulu ngokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwezinto zomkhondo - i-sodium, i-zinc, i-selenium, ithusi. Inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, kubhekwa njengokudiliza. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani, onomngcele we lime, ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile emaphethelweni.
• Scarlett. Amaqabunga makhulu, anomhluzi kakhulu, ngombala omuhle onsomi onsomi. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, sishintsha sibe yi-ink violet. IRosette ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-50. Izinhlobonhlobo zinothile ngamavithamini A no-C.
• Curly. Amaqabunga "acwebile", athambile futhi amancanyana, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ama-crispy. Umbala onsomi-violet. Isokhethi liphansi, lisakazeka. Ngokwesayensi kufakazelwe izinzuzo zalolu hlobo lwe-kale njenge-antiseptic.

Igalari yezithombe: izinhlobo ze-kale ezidumile phakathi kwabalimi

Izithombo ezikhulayo

Imvamisa, i-kale izithombo ezitshaliwe. Ilungele ukutshala enhlabathini ezinsukwini ezingama-35 kuya ku-5 emva kokuvela, imbewu iyaqhuma zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-5-7. Ukuthathwa nokunye ukufakelwa kwenye isiko kuyinto engathandeki. Izimpande zezitshalo zintekenteke kakhulu. Kungcono ukuhlwanyela imbewu eminingana ngasikhathi sinye emabhodweni ahlukene we-peat wesilinganiso esincane.

Izithombo ze-kale zivela ngokushesha okukhulu - isonto ngemuva kokutshala noma nangaphambilini

Ngokukhula kwe-kale, inhlabathi evamile yendawo yezithombo nayo ifanelekile, engathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo, kepha abalimi abanolwazi bancamela ukulungiselela ingxube yenhlabathi bebodwa. Kufanele kube okunempilo, kepha ngesikhathi esifanayo vumela amanzi nomoya. Ngakho-ke, i-humus ihlanganiswe ne-turf evundile nanoma iyiphi "i-baking powder" (umfula wamfula, i-perlite, i-vermiculite) ngokulingana okulinganayo. Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta, engeza isipuni se-chalk echobozekile noma i-carbon eyenziwe isebenze kuwo wonke amalitha ama-3. Noma isiphi isitho esingaphansi komhlaba kufanele sibulawe amagciwane. Izindlela ezivame kakhulu ukushisa, ukubhula kuhhavini, nqabela. Ungase futhi uchithe umhlaba ngesisombululo esimnyama onsomi se-potanganum permanganate.

UKale ukhululekile impela ngenhlabathi evamile ethengiwe yezithombo

Imbewu nayo idinga ukulungiselelwa kokuqalwa kokuhlonza amagciwane nokwenza ngcono ukuhluma. Indlela eshesha kunazo zonke iwukuzicwilisa imizuzu engama-20 emanzini ashisayo (40-45 ° C), bese kuba imizuzu engama-2-3 - kupholile. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinto zokutshala zifakwa kwisisombululo sanoma iyiphi i-biofungicide, elungiselelwe ngokwemiyalo yomenzi, cishe ikota yehora. Manje imbewu isilungele ukutshala, kudingeka igezwe kuphela emanzini agobhozayo bese yomiswa isesimweni sokugeleza kahle.

Imbewu yasendulo kufanele ihlwanyelwe

Enye inketho okuthiwa yi-shock therapy. Imbewu ixubene ne-peat noma isihlabathi, ithambisa kancane i-substrate. Izinsuku ezingama-7-8, zigcinwa kubhethri lokushisa noma kwenye indawo efudumele phakathi nosuku, bese zihlanzwa esiqandisini ubusuku. Ngalesi sikhathi kufanele babambe.

Umphumela omuhle unikezwa ngokufakwa kwesisombululo se-biostimulant amahora angama-14-16. Lokhu kusebenza kumalungiselelo esitolo (i-Epin, i-Emistim-M, i-potassium humate, i-Zircon), namakhambi abantu (i-presinic acid, ujusi we-aloe, uju oluhlanjululwe ngamanzi). Ngemuva kwalokho zifakwa kusikhunta esifanayo semvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo noma kusixazululo esimnyama esimnyama se-potanganum permanganate. Esimweni sokugcina, isikhathi sokucubungula senyuswa sisuka kumizuzu engu-15 siye emahoreni angama-6-8.

Ukufakwa kwisisombululo sanoma iyiphi i-biostimulant, ngokwesibonelo, i-Epin, yenyusa iphesenti lokuhluma kwembewu futhi kuthinte kahle ukungavikeleki kwezithombo

Izithombo ezikhula ngokuqondile futhi zinakekele akunzima:

1. Gcwalisa izimbiza ngenhlabathi elungiselelwe. Hlanza futhi ubusheleleze i-substrate.
2. Hlwanyela imbewu engu-2-4 esitsheni ngasinye, ungayigcwali ngo-1 cm. Qinisela amabhodwe nge-foil noma amboze ngengilazi, ususe endaweni emnyama efudumele (okungenani i-24 ° C) kuze kuvele izithombo. Nsuku zonke vula "i-greenhouse" yokungena komoya, uvimbele ukunqwabelana.
3. Amahlumela asafufusa ayavuleka futhi ahlele kabusha amabhodwe ekukhanyeni. Amahora wemini elungile wekhabishi okungenani amahora ayi-12-14. In iningi laseRussia entwasahlobo lokhu akunangqondo, ngakho-ke kufanele ukhanyise izithombo. Ungasebenzisa lokhu kokujwayelekile (i-luminescent, i-LED), nama-phytolamp akhethekile. Ngesonto lokuqala, izinga lokushisa lokuqukethwe kwezithombo lincishiswa kakhulu laya ku-10-12 ° C, ngoba isikhathi sonke lesi sikhathi lenyuswa laya ku-16 ° C. Thuthukisa umugqa ongaphansi njengomahla ongaphezulu womhlabathi, kepha inhlabathi ayikwazi ukuguqulwa ibe yixhaphozi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, "umlenze omnyama" ukhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuqhubeka nokuvikela okutshalekile kulesi sifo, izithombo zidliwe ngomlotha wokhuni ochotshoziwe, isihlabathi esihle sengezwa ezansi kwesiqu.
4. Udinga ukondla izithombo kabili, esigabeni seqabunga langempela lesibili nangemva kwezinye izinsuku ezingama-7-10. Okokuqala lapho basebenzisa umanyolo onamaminerali aqukethe i-nitrogen (i-urea, ammonium sulfate), befaka i-2-3 g yesidakamizwa kwilitha lamanzi, okwesibili - izindlela ezikhethekile zezithombo (iRostock, Uniflor). Ngaphambi kokugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu, ukwenqatshwa kwenziwa, kushiya isithombo esisodwa kuphela ebhodweni ngalinye.Zonke ezinye kufanele zinqunywe noma zinqunywe ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi uqobo.
5. Ukwenza kube lula ukuthi izitshalo zivumelane nezimo ezintsha zokuphila, izithombo ziyaqina. Inqubo ithatha isonto nesigamu. Ezinsukwini zokuqala, usele emoyeni amahora ambalwa, akusekho, lapho isikhathi sesisondele, usevele "walala" ngempumelelo emgwaqweni.

Ilungele ukutshala emhlabathini, izithombo ze-kale zifinyelela ku-12-14 cm ukuphakama futhi zinamaqabunga ayi-4-5 weqiniso. Ibanga elilungile phakathi kwezitshalo ngu-50-60 cm, isikhala somugqa singamasentimitha angama-40-50. Ukulondoloza isikhala, ungawatshala ngephethini yokuhlola. Ukuqina ngokweqile kokutshala (njengesithunzi esikhulu) kunomthelela ekuqongeleleni kwama-nitrate ayingozi emaqabungeni.

Akufanele ukubambezeleka kokutshala izithombo ze-kale ukuze uthole indawo yaphakade - izinhlamvu "ezikhulisiwe" zishintshwa kakhulu ezimeni ezintsha, zikhula kancane

Ukujula komgodi kuncike kukhwalithi yesigcawu esingaphansi. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi esikhanyayo ungamasentimitha angama-14- 16 cm, kubumba obunzima - cm 8-10. I-humus encane, isipuni somlotha wokhuni kanye no-anyanisi husk (ukuze kuxoshwe izinambuzane) zibekwa phansi.

Iphunga le-anyanisi husks alizibekezeleli izinambuzane eziningi eziyingozi kwi-kale

Ngaphambi kokuba wehle, imithombo ichithwa kakhulu ngamanzi, itshala iklabishi ngqo “odakeni” oluphansi kanye nesitsha. Letha izithombo kucezu lokuqala lamaqabunga. Ngemuva kwalokho inhlabathi iphinde inyanyekwe kahle. Lapho amanzi egcotshwa, amasimu angatshalwa.

Isikhathi esifanelekile sokudlulisela izithombo emhlabathini yingxenye yokuqala kaMeyi. Kuhle ukutshala i-kale esimweni sezulu esibandayo esinamafu. Uma usuku selushonile, izithombo kufanele zimbozwe ngamaphepha asemaphepheni, ngamagatsha esihlahla sonwele noma ngethala phezu kwanoma yimuphi umbhede wensimu owenziwe nganoma iyiphi into embozwe ngommese emhlophe. Susa indawo yokukhosela lapho izithombo ziqala ukukhula.

Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini empeleni akufani nenqubo efanayo nakwezinye, zijwayele abalimi, izinhlobo zeklabishi

Ividiyo: izithombo zamaklabishi ezikhulayo

Ukutshala imbewu emhlabathini

Ngokuyinhloko, imbewu ye-kale ingamila ngisho naku-5 ° C, yize lokushisa likude kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, zingatshalwa ngqo emhlabathini kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala ka-Ephreli.

Lapho ukhetha indawo, udinga ukubheka ukuthi isiko, njenganoma iyiphi iklabishi, lithanda ukushisa nokukhanya kwelanga. Ngisho nomthunzi oyingxenye uholela eqinisweni lokuthi amaqabunga aba mancane, ama-coarser, umbala okhanyayo uyaphela. Isitshalo sizophila kulezo zimo, kepha isivuno sizokwehla.

Ukuze kulinywe i-kale, kukhethwa indawo evulekile efudumeza ilanga futhi evikelekile emimoyeni yasenyakatho.

Isendlalelo esivumelana kahle kakhulu nesiko silula, kepha ngasikhathi sinye umsoco onomthelela ongatheni hlangothi we-acid. Lapho ugaya, ukugaya kumele njalo kufake ulamula othambile, ufulawa we-dolomite noma i-egghell echotshozwe kusimo se-powder (200-300 g nge-1 p.m.). Ngesizathu esifanayo, akufanelekile ukusebenzisa i-peat ne-coniferous sawdust njenge-mulch, ikakhulukazi emisha - bakhulisa inhlabathi ngokuqinile.

Ehlelweni lokumba imibhede ngaphansi kwe-kale empeleni kufanele ulahle yonke imfucumfucu yesitshalo

Umbhede udinga ukulungiswa kusukela ekuweni. Indawo ekhethiwe iyambiwa, ngenkathi ihlanza imfucumfucu yemifino. Inhlabathi ivundiswa ngokufaka umquba we-humus noma i-rotated (i-5-7 l nge-1 p.m.), i-superphosphate elula (20-25 g nge-1 p.m.) ne-potassium sulfate noma i-kalimagnesia (10-15 g nge-1 p.m.) .). Enye indlela yemvelo yokufaka umanyolo wamaminerali ifafazwa ngomlotha wokhuni. Ingxenye yelitha inganele i-1 p.m. Cishe isonto ngaphambi kokutshala, entwasahlobo, imibhede idedelwe kahle futhi ivundiswa nge-nitrogen (8-10 g nge-1 p.m.).

Humus - ikhambi lemvelo lokwandisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi

Kuyinto engathandekiyo ukutshala isilimo lapho "izihlobo" zaso ezivela emndenini weCrcferous noma ezimpandeni (ama-beet, izaqathe) zikhula ngonyaka odlule. Ngaphezu kwazo zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi, lokhu kufaka phakathi i-radish, rutabaga, radish, daikon. Abanduleli abahle - noma yibaphi abakwaSolanaceae, amaLegumes, ithanga, amakhambi anozipayisi kanye nezinhlamvu.

Ama-radad, njengazo zonke izitshalo zeCrciferous, angamanduleli angathandeki kakhulu we-kale

Imbewu ehlwanyelwe emhlabathini ovulekile ekuqaleni konyaka noma phakathi no-Ephreli. Ukulungiselela okwandulelayo okuchazwe ngenhla kuyadingeka. Embhedeni onesikhala esingaba ngu-50 cm, kwakhiwa ama-grooves ngokujula okungama-3-4 cm, okumele athululwe kahle. Imbewu ephezulu efafazwe ngesendlalelo esincanyana se-humus. Lapho izithombo zikhula, amasimu anwetshiwe. Isikhathi sokuqala esigabeni seqabunga leqiniso lesibili, bese kuba kwesesine kuya kwesihlanu. Ngenxa yalokhu, isikhathi sokungaba ngu-40 cm noma okuthe xaxa kufanele sakhiwe phakathi kwezitshalo ezingomakhelwane.

Imbewu yasendulo ihlwanyelwa endaweni evulekile ngokulinganayo ngangokunokwenzeka, khona-ke izithombo kufanele zinwetshwe

Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezithombo, umbhede wengadi umbozwe ngocingo lwapulasitiki. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuze izithombo zikhule ngokushesha, kungakuhle ukuthi ufake ama-arcs bese udonsa izinto zokumboza kuwo. Ingasuswa ngemuva cishe kwenyanga, lapho izithombo zikhula ziye kubukhulu besithombo esidala.

Abanye abalimi bazilolonga ngokutshala ngo-Septhemba, ngaphambi kobusika. Kulokhu, isivuno sokuqala samajikijolo singalawulwa ukuthola ngaphambi kwamafriji. Inzuzo enkulu yale ndlela ukuthi izitshalo zihlupheka kancane ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Ebusika, ukuphuma kuyanqunywa, kushiye “isiqu” esingaba ngu-5 cm ukuphakama. Entwasahlobo, amaqabunga amancane angadliwa ngoMeyi.

Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo okuqhubekayo

Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ekunakekeleni i-kale. Njengezinye izilimo zasengadini, zidinga ukhula njalo nokukhulula imibhede. Lokhu okubaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni inhlabathi efanele, ngakho-ke, kahle kahle, inqubo kufanele yenziwe ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye. Faka inhlabathi ngokukhululeka, ekujuleni okungadluli ku-6 cm. Isistimu yezimpande ze-kale ayibizi.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezine-stem ephezulu izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesizini, zifafaza umhlaba kusisekelo sawo. Isikhathi sokuqala lokhu kwenziwa cishe isonto ngemuva kokudlulisela izithombo emhlabathini, bese kuba nokuphumula kwamasonto amabili. Inqubo yenziwa ngemuva kokunisela noma imvula. Qiniseka ukuthi uqinisekisa ukuthi isikhungo sokuphuma, lapho iphuzu lokukhula litholakala khona, alembozwa ngomhlaba.

Iklabishi eligcobayo livuselela ukukhula kwenamba enkulu yezimpande ezingaphansi

Njenganoma iyiphi enye iklabishi, iqabunga lithanda umswakama. Kepha awukwazi ukugcwalisa umbhede ngokwezigaba. Emhlabathini, kufana nexhaphozi, ukubola kwezimpande, kutholakala nezinye izifo zokukhunta. Ukuqhekeka amakhanda lapho kukhula i-kale akunakwenzeka, ngokomqondo, kodwa nokho kungakuhle ukunisela imibhede njalo, kunokuba kuguqulwe “isomiso” eside ngomswakama omningi womhlaba.

I-Kale isiko elithanda umswakama, kepha ukuwa kwamaqabunga neziqu kungadala ukushiswa yilanga, kanye nokubangela ukuthuthukiswa kokubola

Kungcono ukuthi uhlele ukuchelela okwemuva kwe-kale noma uthele amanzi kwizikhumbuzo ezibalelwa kude ezingama-25-30 cm ukusuka kusisekelo sesiqu. Uma amaconsi amanzi ewa emaqabunga, angadala ukushiswa yilanga. Futhi uma unisela ngaphansi kwesisekelo sesiqu, izimpande zivezwa futhi zomile.

Lapho izinga lokushisa elisemgwaqweni lingadluli kuma-25-27 ° C, ukunisela okukodwa ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 kwanele. Ngokushisa okukhulu, izitolo zamandla ziniselwa nsuku zonke, ekuseni nakusihlwa. Kuyasiza nesomiso isikhathi eside ukufafaza amaqabunga ngemuva kokushona kwelanga.

Ukuchelela ukunisela akulungele i-kale kuphela, kodwa nezinye izilimo eziningi zasensimini

Uma umbhede wensimu ulungiswe kahle, ngokuhambisana nazo zonke izincomo, ukugcotshwa okuphezulu kathathu ngesizini kunele iklabishi (izinhlobo ezine kanye nezine ezifike sekwephuzile naphakathi nendawo kanye nzalo). Isiko lisabela kahle ezintweni zemvelo.

Umthombo we-nitrogen odingekayo kuleso siko ngenyanga yokuqala ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini ukufakwa komquba omusha wezinkomo, amaconsi ezinyoni, amaqabunga e-dandelion, nemifino ye-nettle. Izinto ezingavuthiwe zichotshoziwe, zigcinwe ezitsheni ngesivalo esivalwe ngokuqinile izinsuku ezingama-3-4, ezigcwaliswe ngamanzi afudumele. Ngemuva kokuvela kwephunga elikhona, umanyolo uyahlungwa futhi uxutywe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 10 noma 1: 15, uma senziwe ngesisekelo sedoti. Izinga ngesitshalo ngasinye licishe ilitha lesisombululo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ngesonto nesigamu ngemuva kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini noma emavikini angama-5-6 ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo.

Ukumiliselwa kweNettle - Umanyolo wemvelo ngokuphelele futhi ongenamahhala

Ngemuva kwalokho izitshalo zidinga kakhulu i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Ukudla okukodwa ngenyanga kwanele. Umthombo wemvelo walezi macronutrients yi-ash ash. Kuthululelwa ezimpandeni ezomile ngesikhathi sokukhulula noma ukumiliselwa kulungiselelwe (amalitha ayi-0,5 amalitha amathathu amanzi abilayo). Ungasebenzisa futhi isixazululo samanyolo wamaminerali (15-20 g we-superphosphate elula ne-potassium sulfate ngama-10 l amanzi) namalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi eklabishi.

I-Wood ash ingumthombo wemvelo we-phosphorus ne-potassium

Ukugqoka okusebenzisekayo nokusemuva kokuphezulu. Isiko lelo lisabela ngokubi ekuswelweni kwenhlabathi ye-molybdenum, i-boron ne-manganese. Kuyasiza ukufafaza amaqabunga njalo emavikini ama-4-5 ngamanzi, engeza i-1-2 g ye-ammonium molybdenum acid, i-boric acid ne-potanganum permanganate ilitha ngalinye.

Ividiyo: Izeluleko Zokukhathalela Ka-Kale

Sika imifino kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula kusuka ngesikhathi lapho okuthengiswayo kukhula khona kuya kuma-22-25 cm ukuphakama. Okuwusizo kakhulu ngamaqabunga amasha. Bangezelelwa kusaladi, ama-smoothies, ama-smoothie, amazambane abunjiwe wokudla kwengane. Leyo esevele idlulele ingumbala omncane, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyithambisa noma ukuyidonsa. Ngokomthetho, i-kale ingathathelwa indawo iklabishi elimhlophe elijwayelekile ngobuningi bezindlela zokupheka. Kubukeka muhle kakhulu ngesimo se-marinated, kulondolozwe ngokuphelele ukugqama komthunzi ongokwemvelo wamaqabunga.

Bazinquma kancane, konke okukhishwa kususwa kuphela ngemuva kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, agcinwa isikhathi esingadluli kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3, bese abuna. Esiqandisini - okuningana, isonto. Amaqabunga kufanele abekwe esitsheni esinamanzi, njengesipani, ambozwe ngesikhwama sepulasitiki ngaphezulu.

Ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ukugcina ukuvuna okusha okusha okusha isikhathi eside.

Ukuqandeka kusiza ukugcina le klabishi isikhathi eside. Amaqabunga kumele aqale ngokuwasha futhi omiswe, abekwe emaphepheni noma emaphethini welineni. Kungcono ukusika iziqu nemithambo, kusale kuphela ipuleti leqabunga ngqo. Ngemuva kwalokho zibekwa emashidini okubhaka noma emigqonyeni embozwe ngopende, bese kuthi imizuzu engama-23 ithunyelwe kwifriji esebenza ngemodi yokubandisa "yokushaqeka". Uma umklamo awunikezwanga, isikhathi sikhuphukela emahoreni angama-3-4. Amacembe aqediwe afakwa emasakeni amancane epulasitiki ane-clasp eqinile. Ingxenye inqunywa ngokuya ngokuthi mangaki iklabishi ngokuqinisekile azohamba ngasikhathi. I-Defrosting nokuqandeka okuphindaphindiwe kuyishintsha ibe isisindo esingathandeki, esingenakunambitheka futhi konke okuhle. Futhi ngakho-ke amavithamini namaminerali agcinwa izinyanga ezi-6.

I-Frozen kale, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yizinzuzo zayo, ingagcinwa kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha

Ividiyo: i-Kale iqhwa

Ukungavikeleki kwezifo ku-kale kuhle impela, ngokunakekelwa okufanele nangokuhambisana nohlelo lokutshala, akuvamile ukuba nesifo sokukhunta, amagciwane namagciwane. Kepha izinambuzane ezingenandaba nokudla obucayi, amaqabunga anojusi, ngeshwa, okuningi. Phakathi kwazo kukhona umdwayizi odlwenguliwe, amacimbi ezimvemvane, abamhlophe nezikhuhlu, izikeleza ezibethelayo, ama-aphid, ama-slugs. Kepha ubungozi bokutheleleka bungancishiswa ngezindlela ezilula zokuvimbela.

Igalari yezithombe: izinambuzane eziyingozi i-kale

Izinambuzane eziningi azizithandi iphunga elinamandla le-pungent. Ngakho-ke, kuyasiza ukuzungeza umbhede ngeklabishi eduze nxazonke nge-marigolds, ama-nasturtiums, i-calendula, i-lavender, noma yimaphi amakhambi. Ukuze ugcine isikhala, atshalwe emaphasishi. Iningi lalezi zilimo futhi lithwala uju oluhle, luheha izinyosi nezinye izinambuzane ezithutha impova esizeni.

Ukufika nsuku zonke izinsuku ezingama-7-10 kungafafazwa nge-infusions yamakhambi afanayo. Ebuye isetshenziswe njengoba izinto ezingavuthiwe kungu-anyanisi kanye nemicibisholo yegalikhi, iziqongo zamatamatisi namazambane, ikhasi le-lemon nelawolintshi, i-pepper emhlabathini, i-mustard powder. Ifanelekile engu-1-1-10 ihlanganiswe ngonjini weviniga wamanzi ne-ammonia, i-soda ash (25-30 ha nge-10 l), i-foam kaya noma insipho eluhlaza ye-potash.

Inhlabathi engadini ifafazwa ngengxube yomlotha wezinkuni ngepelepele elibomvu elishisayo kanye ne-chips kagwayi noma i-colloidal sulfur. Izitshalo ngokwazo zifafazwa nge-chaki echobozekile noma nge-carbon eyenziwe yasebenza. Eduze kwesisekelo sesiqu, kwakhiwa “isithiyo” ngezinaliti, isihlabathi, umlotha, i-walnut noma izingqimba zamaqanda.

I-landings kufanele ihlolwe njalo ukuthola izimpawu ezisolisayo. Uma isikhathi sesilahlekile, noma yiziphi izinambuzane ezisebenza ngokujwayelekile ziyasetshenziswa - i-Inta-Vir, iTanrek, iMospilan, i-Iskra-Bio, iFury. Amalungiselelo akhethekile asetshenziswa ngokumelene nama-slugs - iMeta, iNkanyamba, iSududge Eater. Ukwesabisa izimvemvane nezinye izinambuzane ezindizayo, iklabishi nenhlabathi engadini kuphathwa ngeLepidocide, i-Entobacterin. Umphumela omuhle ekulweni nabo unikezwa yizicupho ezenziwa ekhaya - iziqukathi ezigcwele ushukela isiraphu, ujamu, uju oluhlanjululwe ngamanzi, izingcezu zamakhadibhodi agcotshwe nge-petroleum jelly, i-glue, kanye neteyipu yokunamathela ekubambeni izimpukane.

Ukukhula i-kale esizeni akunzima ngisho nakwezengadini ezingenaso isipiliyoni. Isitshalo asihlobisi indawo kuphela, kodwa futhi sinempilo kakhulu. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezihlukaniswa abafuyi abahlukile ikakhulukazi ngokubonakala kwamaqabunga. Zonke zicebile ngama-amino acid, calcium, amavithamini. Lesi sitshalo sinokuzithoba ekunakekelweni, sihlangabezana ngokuphumelelayo nezimo zesimo sezulu esipholile futhi silethe isivuno kahle.