Nini futhi kanjani ukutshala amazambane

Amazambane ungenye yemifino ethandwa kakhulu, futhi ukuze uvunwe isitshalo esikhulu, udinga ukutshala kahle. Esihlokweni sethu sizokutshela ukuthi hlobo luni lomanyolo wamazambane lungcono ukulusebenzisa ngesikhathi sokutshala futhi ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa kwesitshalo.

Okuqukethwe:

• Izinhlobo zomanyolo wamazambane
• Ukuhluma nini futhi kanjani
• Ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo sekwindla
• Umanyolo lapho utshala
• Ukugqoka okuphezulu komsuka
• Ukuphakelayo kwe-Foliar

Kungani ukutshala amazambane

Amazambane, ngokungafani nezinye izitshalo, zidinga izakhi eziningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthuthukiswa okuncane kwezimpande nobukhulu obukhulu bezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ngokuhambisana nokuvuna, sithatha izinto ezithile eziwusizo emhlabathini, ngakho-ke kubalulekile, ukutshala amazambane ngonyaka ozayo, ukuletha izakhi ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile nokukhula. Ukuntuleka komanyolo kuzoholela kancane kancane ekunciphiseni isivuno, lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa ziyoba zincane.

Zijwayele ukuzilimaza izinhlobo ezinjalo zamazambane: "Kiwi", "Gala", "Inhlanhla", "Irbitsky", "Rosara", "iNdlovukazi Anna", "Blue".

Kubalulekile! Akudingekile ukutshala amazambane njalo ngenkathi isakhiwo esifanayo - ngesimiso esinjalo, izinambuzane nezifo zizohlasela lesi sitshalo, okuzoholela ekunciphiseni isivuno.

Ukuze uthole isivuno esiphelele, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto eziwusizo zitholakala ngevolumu elinjalo: ukuze uthole ama-4k amazambane avela emitha yemitha eyi-1, inhlabathi kufanele ibe ne-20 g ye-nitrogen, i-40 g ye-potassium oxide, i-5 g ye-magnesium ne-10 g ye-phosphorus acid. Inani encane yethusi, i-zinc kanye ne-manganese kufanele libe khona. Ngeke kwenzeke ukutshala lesi sitshalo kanyekanye nawo wonke amaminerali, njengoba kudingekile amazambane ngezigaba ezahlukene zokukhula.

Izinhlobo zomanyolo wamazambane

Uhlobo ngalunye lwesitshalo luthatha kangcono noma lubi kakhulu kumanyolo ofanayo. Uma ufuna ukuthola imiphumela emihle yemisebenzi yakho futhi uqoqe isivuno esihle, kufanele uqonde ukuthi yikuphi ukugqoka okufanelekile amazambane.

Ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kokulima kufezwa ngokusebenzisa:

• Umquba ophilayo (umquba nomquba). I-Organic iqukethe izinto ezidingekayo ekuthuthukiseni okujwayelekile kwesitshalo. Ukuqothula, ama-fertilizer anjalo akhuthaza ukwanda kwe-carbon dioxide emkhathini womoya, ngenxa yokuthi izilimo eziyizigaxa zikhula ezinkulu futhi ziphilile;

• inkukhu yesikhumba. Inkukhu yenkukhu njengomanyolo wamazambane iyathandwa ngenxa yokuhlushwa kwayo okuphezulu kanye nemiphumela esheshayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo. Kuvinjelwe ukusebenzisa i-undiluted. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, udoti uhlanjululwe ngamanzi 1 kuya ku-15 futhi ubeke endaweni efudumele izinsuku ezingu-2-3. Amanzi 1 litre ehlathini;

• umlotha. Iqukethe izinto ezidingekayo ekukhuleni okunempilo kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ngomunye umkhiqizo ugaxe kuze kufike ku-10 kg. I-ash njengomanyolo wamazambane ngokuvamile kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngabalimi, njengoba kunomthelela ekutholeni isivuno esikhulu esiphezulu;

• urea. Iqukethe inani elidingekayo le-nitrogen kumazambane, okwenza ukuba ukwanda komkhiqizo, kodwa kudingeke ukuba uhlole ngokucophelela umthamo;

• ammonium nitrate. Unomphumela ofanayo no-urea;

• ithambo lesidlo.

Okunye okuphawulekayo ukuthi umphumela ozuzisayo wemanyolo obuncithakalo obuncithakalo kumazambane, okungukuthi:

• i-nitrophos;
• I-Chemirs

Uyazi? Amazambane ama-tuberous, ayingozi kakhulu. Emva kokudla amazambane ama-2-3 aluhlaza, ungathola ubuthi obubi kakhulu.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi uma usebenzisa wonke umanyolo kancane kancane, izinzuzo zalokhu zizoba ngaphezulu. Eqinisweni, kuyadingeka ukondla ngokuhambisana nemithetho ethile eziteshini ezahlukene zokukhula kwamazambane.

Ukuhluma nini futhi kanjani

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunamathela esikhathini sokukhulelwa, uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno esihle. Cabanga ngesikhathi futhi kungcono kangakanani ukwenza le misebenzi.

Ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo sekwindla

Ukuze uthole isivuno esicebile, udinga ukunakekela inhlabathi esakhiweni esilungiselelwe amazambane. Ngenkathi ngayinye, ilahlekelwa izakhi, ngakho-ke ekwindla kufanele nakanjani uyiqede.

Okuhle, kunconywa ukuthi kuhlanganiswe umquba wamaminerali kanye nodaba oluphilayo. Kumamitha ayi-1 engxenyeni yenhlabathi kumele ishiywe 5-7 amabhakede omquba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kudingekile ukufeza izithako zamaminerali. Kulokhu, i-superphosphate yengeziwe (30 g ngalinye ngamitha 1 square), iphinde iphakanyiswe ukwengeza i-potassium sulfate ne-phosphorus - 15 g ngehora elilodwa lesikwele.

Kubalulekile! Tshala imbewu kuphela ephezulu: akumele kube khona izitshalo, ukukhula nokulimala kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ngaphandle kwalokho angeke ahlume nhlobo.

Ungasebenzisa ama-agrochemicals kuphela. Ngokuvame ukusetshenziselwa ezindaweni ezithintekile izinambuzane noma i-microflora ye-pathogenic. Ukuphumelela ukusetshenziswa kwe-double superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate (isilinganiso esingu-1: 2). Ama-Potash umquba amazambane abaluleke kakhulu, ngakho adinga ngaphezulu.

Ngemuva kokuthi iziqongo zisuswe ensimini yezambatho, ungakwazi ukuhambisa izindawo ezisendaweni kuso. Iphelele ngale mhlophe yesinaphi. Kwaphela amasonto amathathu, yakha umthamo odingekayo, futhi uma kufika entwasahlobo, kuzodingeka ukuthi umbe umhlabathi kanye nesinaphi.

Lapho ulungisa isayithi ekwindla, ungenza ukumba okujulile. Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa i-walker, uzodinga izikhathi ezingu-2 ukucubungula indawo enhlabathini yobumba futhi eyodwa - ngesanti. Uma ugoba ngesandla, udinga ukumba isikhala ngokujulile kwe-bayonet. Ngaphambi kwenhlabathi e-acidiki ekwindla, ukubuyiswa kwayo kuyenziwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele uwufake ngefulawa i-dolomite, i-lime noma umlotha (200 g nge-1 sq. M). Uma isayithi ibonakala i-sorrel noma i-moss-lokhu kusho ukuthi i-pH yenhlabathi ishintshile.

Umanyolo lapho utshala

Ungazuza izinzuzo ezinkulu uma usebenzisa umanyolo esihlahleni ngasinye. Uma kuthathwa isinqumo sokondla isitshalo ngezindaba eziphilayo, kuyadingeka ukuthulula imbiza engu-700-gram ka humus eyomile nezipuni eziyi-5 zomlotha emgodini ngamunye. Uma usebenzisa ama-agrochemicals amakhemikhali, kufanelekile ukubeka 1 tbsp emgodini ngamunye. spoon Nitrofoski kanye 100 g wefu isidlo.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu komsuka

Izitshalo zokutshala izimpande zenziwa kahle ngaphambi kokuqedwa kwezintaba. Ngaphambi kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi kancane ukuze izakhi zibe lula ukuthola izimpande. Emva kokudla kufanelekile ukuchelela okuningi.

Uyazi? Kukhona amazambane omzimba wakhe onemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Okuvamile kulezi zinhlobo kungabizwa "I-Linzer blaue".

Phakathi kwezigqoko ezivame kakhulu yizinto ezilandelayo:

1. Top dressing bird droppings. Ukuze ulungiselele, kuyadingeka ukuba uhlanza emanzini ngokulingana kokungu-1 kuya ku-10, bese uthele imisele phakathi kwemigqa.
2. Ukugqoka okuphezulu nge-urea. 10 amalitha amanzi ahlanganiswe ne-1 tbsp. nge spoon of urea, emva kwalokho izihlahla ziphuziswa eduze nomsuka nalesi sixazululo, ngemuva kokwenza kancane kancane. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa kufanele wenze isigamu sebheyi lokumiswa.
3. Ukudla nge-mullein. Hlanganisa i-1 ilitha yomquba omusha ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi, ugeze umxube bese uthele inhlabathi phakathi kwemigqa.

4. Top ukugqoka ukumnika herbal. Ukuze ulungise ukumnika, ungasebenzisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lokhula. Kumele zifakwe emgqonyeni wamanzi, bese ulinda ingxube, uhlanza umbala omnyama obomvu futhi uchithe izitshalo kusihlwa ezungeze umjikelezo we-fossa. Zama ukugcina uketshezi ukuthi ungangeni ezinhlakeni. UJuni ulungele ukugqoka okunjalo - ngalesi sikhathi izitshalo zidinga i-nitrogen.
5. Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngamaminerali amaminerali. Amaminerali amaminerali amazambane atuswa ukuba kwenziwe entwasahlobo. Ngokuvamile sebenzisa i-ammonium nitrate, ukuyiqeda ngamanzi (20 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Ungaxuba i-nitrogen, i-phosphate kanye ne-potash fertilizer (isilinganiso 1: 1: 2), bese usuqeda le nhlanganisela ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.

Umquba kufanele ube, ukunamathela emiyalweni kanye nezilinganiso eziphakanyisiwe. Amakhomikhali afinyelela kakhulu angalimaza uhlelo lwempande futhi asuse isivuno sakho.

Ukuphakelayo kwe-Foliar

Indlela enhle yokutshala, okukuvumela ukuba ulethe zonke izakhi ezilahlekile ezitshalweni, ukuphakela ama-apulazi ama-foliar. Kunconywa ukuba ubambe lo mcimbi ngemuva kokususa isayithi, kusihlwa, ukuvikela isitshalo ukuthi singabi ukushisa. Le ndlela ivumela ukungena okusheshayo kwamanyolo esiqeshini, okuvumela ukuqinisa izinqubo zamanzi nokukhulisa ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezimpande, kwandisa inani lesitshalo. Siphakamisa ukuthi sijwayele ukugqoka okujwayelekile kakhulu:

• i-carbamide. Izindleko ezilandelayo ziphephile: amanzi - 5 l, urea - 100 g, potassium monophosphate - 150 g, boric acid - 6 g. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi, i-boron, ithusi, i-manganese, i-zinc ne-cobalt ngezinye izikhathi ifakwe engxenyeni (1 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 ). Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa ngezinsuku ezingu-10 ngemuva kokuvela amahlumela okuqala. Ikhambi lokusebenza kumele lihlanjululwe kabili. Khona-ke ukondla kungenziwa ngokubunjwa okufanayo, kodwa hhayi ekusakazeni. Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlonipha isikhathi sezinsuku ezingu-14. Ukucubungula kufanele kwenziwe kuze kube yilapho amazambane aqala ukuqhakaza;

Kubalulekile! Phakathi nesikhathi sokugcina amazambane, qiniseka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphezulu - ngaphezu kuka-0 ° C. Kulo modi, ungavikela isivuno kusuka ezifweni ze-fungal.

• i-phosphoric. Iphethwe ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza, cishe amasonto ama-3-4 ngaphambi kokuvuna. Ukuswetshwa okusetshenziswayo kwe-superphosphate (100 g ngalinye ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi ukupuniza amamitha ayisishiyagalolunye). I-Phosphorus, engena eziqongweni zesitshalo, iyosiza ukwandisa izitshalo futhi igcwalise izilimo eziyizigaxa nge isitashi;
• ihlunga Kungenzeka ukuthi uqale ukudla ngokuhlanza ngokushesha, njengoba kuvela iqabunga lesine esitshalweni. Isikhathi esiphakathi kwezokwelapha akufanele sibe ngaphansi kwamasonto amabili. Okuvamile "Gumat + 7". Ukulungisa isisombululo, kubalulekile ukuhlanza u-2 g ku-10 l amanzi. Kuzo zonke izintambo okudingayo ukwenza ama-3 amalitha;
• ukukhipha inambuzane. Ukumnika kuqukethe zonke izinto ezidingekayo amazambane. Ukuze uyipheke, udinga ukuthululela izitshalo zezinambuzane ngamanzi futhi ubambelele ekushiseni ngaphambi kokuvutshelwa. Ngemuva kokuthi isixazululo kufanele sitshalwe, sula futhi senze indawo. Phakathi kwezinqubo kufanele kuthathe okungenani izinsuku ezingu-10.

Uyazi? Amazambane yiwo imifino yokuqala okufanele ikhule emkhathini. Lo mcimbi ubuya ngo-1995.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uluhlobo luni lomanyolo ozikhethayo, udinga ukondla ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Ukusebenzisa kahle umanyolo, ungafinyelela isivuno esicebile nesinambithekisayo.