Ukunakekela izihlahla esakhiweni kuncishisiwe kube umsebenzi ojwayelekile wabalimi. Kodwa ezinye zazo zikhona nobunzima bokuqala. Lokhu kusebenza ngokuyinhloko ekusetshenzisweni nokususwa kwamagatsha. Umsebenzi onjalo udinga olunye ulwazi, futhi kulokhu kubukezwa sizobuka ukuthi ukusika izimpukane kubheka kanjani, nini futhi kanjani ukukwenza kahle.
Kungani i-gooseberries izihlahla
Ngokuvamile, wonke umuntu uyazi impendulo: uma ungahambisani nezihlahla, zizophenduka ngokushesha zibe yizinhlayiya. Ngempela, i-ugqumugqumu ikhiqiza amahlumela amaningi ngenkathi edingekayo ukuba ilandiswe.
Hlola lezi zinhlobonhlobo zokugcoba: "Umlawuli", "Gingerbread Man".
Kukhona abanye izizathuokwenza lokhu kusetshenziselwa okudingekayo futhi okuvamile:
- Izihlahla eziningi kakhulu zingenakukwazi ukukhanya, okudala zonke izimo zokuvela kwezifo nezinambuzane.
- Ngendlela yokugxila emagatsheni amajikijolo, amajikijolo abe amancane.
- Amagatsha amaningi - izakhi ezincane izitshalo ngalinye zithola ngokwehlukana. Ngenxa yalokho, isivuno sinciphisa.
Kubalulekile! Ukwehla kwenziwa kuphela phezu kwezinso zangaphakathi (itholakala engxenyeni yangaphakathi yegatsha).
- Amagatsha amancane kakhulu ngokukhula awela phansi phansi futhi athole izimpande. Ngemuva konyaka noma amabili, lesi "giant" esinjalo siyeka ukuthela izithelo futhi sibe yingozi kwezinye izitshalo: izinambuzane zihlala emahlumela kanye namaqabunga.
Funda futhi mayelana nendlela yokunquma kahle amagilebhisi, ama-cherry, amapheya, ama-apula, ama-peaches, ama-plums, ama-apricot.
Nini ukuphanga
Izihlahla zokugaya izimbali zibhekwa njengeziphumelela kakhulu entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba kuqale isikhathi semifino. Ukwenza amagatsha amaningi "okulala" eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala ka-Mashi, uzoqinisekisa ukukhula okujwayelekile kwe-ugqumugqumu futhi ngaleyo ndlela "ulale" ngale ndlela isivuno esihle.
Kodwa kukhona ubunzima obulodwa: ukugeleza kokushisa kuqala kakhulu kakhulu, ngokoqobo nemisindo yokuqala yelanga. "Ukubamba" umzuzu ofanele futhi ufike ekamelweni ngesikhathi kungenakwenzeka kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi ekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, amaqabunga amancane asevele ebonakala. Ngakho-ke kufanele ulinde kuze kube sekwindla. Kuyinto engathandeki ukwenza izinti "ziphile", zilimaza isitshalo.
Uyazi? E-Russia, i-gooseberries iye yahlonywa kusukela ngekhulu le-15. Futhi ngo-XIX, izinhlobo ezivela kwamanye amazwe zithatha izinhlobo zendawo. - Lezi zindlela eziningi ezikhiqizayo zaseBrithani.Ehlobo, amagatsha ahlukene kuphela asuswe, bese kuthi uma ekhubazekile kabi noma enesifo.
Inketho ethandwa kakhulu ukusika izihlahla ekupheleni kwenkathi, eyenziwa ngemuva kokuwa kweqabunga. Lo mcimbi ungabizwa ngokuthi unempilo yangasese: amagatsha adingekayo "avuliwe" futhi amahlumela angaphezu kwawo asuswa. Okokuqala susa okugxile futhi omdala kunabo bonke (basuke bamnyama embala).
Amathuluzi esivinini somsebenzi
Ukufuna izinto ezithile ezilula: i-pruner ne-lopper. Zilula, kodwa zikhona ezinye izimo ezincane lapha. Isibonelo izihlahla woza ngokubukisa okukodwa noma kabili. Eyokuqala yizona ezilula kakhulu, ezifana nezikrini, izinto zokusebenza. Elinye lama-blade awo liyisimiso, kanti lesibili - umkhawulo wokusika.
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi kunzima kanjani ukusika igatsha elinamandla ngamasheya. Ngenhloso enjalo, sebenzisa idivaysi ngenqubo ye-ratchet elawula isimo se-blade nokuqhubeka kwayo. I-Loppers susa amagatsha amakhulu anameva ama-3-5 cm. Eqinisweni, lawa ma-secateurs afanayo, kodwa ngokuphatha isikhathi eside. Kulula ukusebenza nabo - isibambiso sidlala indima yesiphakamiso futhi sidlulisele umzamo omkhulu emaceleni, ukuvimbela izandla ukuthi zingakhathali.
Kubalulekile! Lapho uthenga i-pruner, bheka ubukhulu be-blade ne-lip support. Uma zenziwe zibe mncane, khona-ke ithuluzi lifanelekile kuphela ukusika amagatsha amancane, futhi ngeke nje ukwazi ukuqonda inqubo enkulu.Qaphela ukuthi lawa madivaysi amabili awawuthathi indawo, kodwa ahambisana - i-pruner iyinto ekahle "ye-melee", futhi umqedile uqeda ukusebenza ngamagatsha amakhulu, okuyinto engavimbelayo ukuthola.
Kukhona futhi shayela abaqashi, kodwa kunomphumela owodwa: "bathatha" ukuphakama kwama-25 mm, futhi amamodeli ahlose ngokukodwa aphansi. Esikhathini sethu, kufanelekile kuphela ezihlahleni ezincane.
Izidingo ze-instrument zilandelayo:
- ukukhwabanisa okusezingeni eliphezulu, akufanele kube khona ukuphazamiseka;
- isisindo esincane;
- ithuba lokusebenza ngomzamo omkhulu;
- ukuphatha kahle; lokho okushiwo yenziwe akukhathaleki, into eyinhloko ukuthi kufanele ibe nokufakelwa kwe-rabber okuvimbela isandla ukuba singene;
- umkhawulo omncane ongaphazamisi amagatsha aseduze;
- ukuphepha nombala ogqamile - idivayisi enjalo kulula ukuyithola emahlathini.
Ukudubula ugqumugqumu kuhluma ngokuya ngobudala
Inani lomsebenzi kanye nomlingiswa walo kulinganiselwa ngeso ngesikhatsi se-shrub. Ngezikhathi ezihlukene, amasu amancane kuphela okuthi "amacebo" abo okunciphisa ayakufanelekela, manje esizowacabangela.
Izinhlobo ze-jerzhevnye ugqumugqumu zithandwa kakhulu.
Ngonyaka wokuqala
Konke kuqala ngaphambi kokufika. On a sapling encane enciphise wonke amahlumela. Emagatsheni aqinile shiya 3-4 efihlekile kusuka ezingeni lomhlabathi, ekukhuleni okubuthakathaka, 2 nakho kwanele. Kwenzeka ukuthi izinto ezibangelwa ukungazinaki zonakaliswe. Abanamathemba, anqunywe ngokushesha. Kodwa kakade buthakathaka isihlahla esincane. Lokhu kudoba kuhloswe ngokudla okunempilo kwesihlahla kanye nokwakhiwa kwamagatsha okugcina amagciwane.
Phakathi nenkathi, izimpande ziyokhula kahle futhi zichithe amagatsha amasha aphilile. Ukwelashwa kwe-autumn "ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala kuncishisiwe - hlola ukuthi amagatsha anempilo, futhi ushiye amahlumela angama-5-6 ebusika.
Uyazi? 100 g amajikijolo aqukethe kuphela 43 kcal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe azikho amaprotheni namafutha (0.7 no-0.2 g, ngokulandelana) - Umkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu "onempilo" wokulahlekelwa isisindo.
Ngonyaka wesibili
Entwasahlobo, kushiywe ama-5 zero amahlumela; lokhu kufanele kube nezinqubo ezinempilo, ezitholakala kalula. Amagatsha aphansi, angafinyeleli ku-20 cm, anqunywe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuyimpoqo - ukunyuka okuncane phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo kuvele kuqoqe izakhi ngokweqile, kubathathe kude nakakhulu okuthuthukile.
Ukukhuthaza ukuhlanganisa ukusika amagatsha aqinile akhula ngokuqondile (cishe ezingeni lika-30 cm ukusuka emhlabathini). Okufanayo kusebenza ezinkambisweni ezincibilikiswe kancane. Kodwa amagatsha angemuva asuswa ngaphandle kokuzisola - akukho garners ngeke usizo lapha.
Kubalulekile! Ekubeni, ukusikeka kuphathwa nge-pitch pitch. Nansi enye yezindlela zokupheka ezingenakukhunjulwa: ukufutheka ngokweqile 60 ml utshwala futhi 0.5 kg wezinkuni resin zixubene ngokufaka 2 tbsp. l amafutha anefilakisi. Gcina ingxube kangcono ku-tin evalekile.Ngalendlela, ama-3 biennials kanye nenani elifanayo lamahlumela wonyaka athembisayo azokwenziwa esihlahleni ekwindla.
Ngonyaka we-3-4
Lesi yisikhathi sokukhula okusheshayo.
Ngonyaka wesithathu, yonke imiqhudelwano ebuthakathaka neyindilinga isusiwe. Uma kukhona ukukhula okuncane kanye ne-branching engabalulekile, abasele "bavuselela", kufushane ngo-12-15 cm. Ekupheleni kwenkathi yesithathu esihlahleni esinempilo kufanele kube namagatsha angu-12-18 ehlukene. Leli "skeleton" eliyinhloko le-shrub.
Ngonyaka wesine emva kokutshala, i-ugqumugqumu ibhekwa njengeyakhelwe kakade, futhi izihlahla ziba ngaphezulu. Ihla ekuqothulweni okuphelele kwamahlumela amancane, kuhlanganise nalawo aseqalwe kusukela kwikhola yezimpande. Ngasekupheleni kwebusika, isihlahla sibheka ubukeka obuhle.
5 neminyaka eminingi
Uhlelo "Lweminyaka Engu-5" luyi-peak of yield, uma kunamagatsha angama-30 ahlukene ahlukene. Ngomthwalo onjalo isihlahla sesivele sinzima ukusingatha.
Lapha ukuvuselelwa okubalulekile. Ngentwasahlobo, amahlumela ayencipha, asuse wonke amahlumela amancane futhi ashiye isisekelo esisodwa esiqinile. Kunesinye indlela, indlela eguquguqukayo kakhulu yokutshala "imithi ehlobene neminyaka": bayashiya amagatsha angu-5 kuphela amakhulu, bekhipha bonke abanye. Ngokunakekelwa okuvamile, izihlahla ezinjalo zizokwenza kabusha.
Ngemuva kokuvuselela izihlahla, ungasheshi ukulahla amagatsha anqunyiwe, ngosizo lwawo ungakwazi ukuwandisa i-gooseberries.
Uyazi? I-Gooseberries cishe iminyaka engu-40 ezama ukuwela nge-currants emnyama. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zaseJalimane "Yoshta" zivele. Wafika e-USSR ngawo-1980 futhi wamukelwa ngokushesha emasikweni.Ungakhohlwa ngokuvimbela: ehlobo, uma kutholakala igatsha elimele noma eligulayo, lizofinyelelwa endaweni enempilo noma "lizoqedwa ngokuphelele" (ezimweni eziphambili).
Njengoba uqaphele, imisebenzi echazwe ngenhla yenziwa ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo. Okubaluleke nakakhulu ukusika izikwindla ze-ugqumugqumu. Nayi imithetho yayo eyisisekelo:
- Khanyisa izihlahla. Ugqumugqumu, ukuthola ukukhanya ngobuningi, unikeza amajikijolo amakhulu futhi anambithekisayo. Ukulinganisa ngokunciphisa, usengozini "ukugijima" isikhumba se-powdery esihlahleni.
- Ukunciphisa kwenziwa kusukela phansi. Kusukela kule ndawo lapho amahlumela amadala ahlaselwa khona (iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5). Uma isihlahla sibukeka "sihluthuliwe", ungesabi - entwasahlobo izophinde ikhule.
- Emasimini amadala amahlumela amancane asuswa. Eziningi zazo ziyoholela "ekunganeni" kwazo noma ukubonakala kwamajikijolo amancane.
- Iziqongo ezihlaza zinqunywe. Akunakwenzeka ukuba basinde ebusika.
Ukunciphisa ugqumugqumu ehlathini egijima
Ngokuvamile abalimi balishiya ukuqhutshwa kwezihlahla ezingasebenzi. Yebo, futhi izimo zihlukile - isibonelo, iminyaka engu-1-2 yokungabikho komhlangano, izihlobo azilaleli i-ugqumugqumu, futhi ziqiniswe kahle.
Kubalulekile! Ugqumugqumu ungagubha ngenxa yokugula. Ngokuvamile kungumphumela we-powdery isikhutha. Uma zingekho izilonda zesici emaqabunga, bheka amapuleti angaphakathi. - Kungase kube nezibungu ezinundu."Ukuvuselela" kwezitshalo ezinjalo kuncishisiwe kuye imisebenzi elandelayo:
- Entwasahlobo, ngisho nangaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi ekhulayo, wonke amagatsha abuthakathaka, abagulayo, aphukile nalawa aphansi anqunywa. Ngokuyinhloko zaqina isisekelo sehlathi, lapho amahlumela afana namabhulashi. Kuzo zonke lezi zinqwaba, sizoshiya ama-5-6 "anyaka" aqinile.
- Uma lo msulwa uqala ekwindla, zama ukususa ngisho namagatsha amaningi "age" ngaphambi kweqhwa. Bumnyama kunabo bonke futhi basuswa phansi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha entwasahlobo.
- Qiniseka ukuthi uhlanza amagatsha owomile.
Izindlela ezingezona ezejwayelekile zokwakha isihlahla
Sisazi ukuthi indlela yokubeka izihlahla (aka "classic") ejwayelekile iyenziwa kanjani. Kodwa kunezinye izinhlobo zokwakheka okufanelekile ukuzisho.
I-Tapestry
Ngokuba ukukhula izinhlobo ezinamandla kanye nenani elikhulu amahlumela balungiselela trellis. Nansi ukulandelana kwenqubo enjalo:
- Izithombo zibekwe ngokuvumelana nalolu hlelo: 1.5 m phakathi kwemigqa kanye no-60-70 cm phakathi kwehlathi.
- Phakathi kwemigqa ene-interval ukusekela (ama-tubes, izinduku ezinzima noma amagatsha). Emigqeni engu-3 welula ucingo. Umzila wokuqala - 50 cm ukusuka emhlabathini, okunye - 80 cm no-1 m.
- Amagatsha anamandla anamathele emigqeni eqediwe (kuze kube yizingcezu ezingu-5), alondoloze isikhathi esingaba ngu-20-25 cm.
- Ukudubula kwonyaka kuncike ekukhipheni amathiphu amahlumela ngonyaka odlule ngo-1/3 (kaningi kancane - ngesigamu). Shiya izinqubo ezingu-4-5 zonyaka, ungazinikeli.
- Njengoba ukuguga kwenza ukuvuselelwa kwesihlahla.
Uyazi? Lezi zihlahla zazibizwa ngokuthi nje kryzhami noma i-bersen. Kwezinye izindawo, amagama anjalo angazwakala manje.
Stambov
Ngamafuphi, lokhu kuyindlela yokuguqula i-berry ibe ngumuthi. Umsebenti ubuhlungu kakhulu, kepha kuwufanelekile: izihlahla zibukeka zibe mnandi kakhulu, kulula kakhulu ukuvuna, ngisho nokunakekelwa okulula - akudingeki ukuthi ubhekane nezikhukhula njalo.
Uhlelo lokulima okunjalo lungalolu hlobo:
- Ehlathini kukhethwe ihlumela elinamandla kakhulu, elizoba "trunk".
- Khetha ukuphakama okufunayo kwe-shtamb. Ngokuvamise kungu-1 m. Kule nqanaba wonke amagatsha aphansi esihlahleni athwalwa. Abanye abantu bayifake ngefilimu ende yamamitha-mitha noma bafake ithubhu engadlulisi ukukhanya - lokhu kuzoqeda isidingo sokuqothula phansi.
- Lesi sitshalo siboshwe ngokushesha emgodleni.
- Eminyakeni elandelayo, kushiywe amagatsha angu-4-5 aqinile "ngezikhathi ezithile," ngenkathi kunqunywa ngonyaka odlule ngesigamu. Iziguli ezizungezile, eziphukile, noma ezidala (iminyaka engu-7 noma ngaphezulu) zisusiwe. Okufanayo kufakazela ukushiya ukuthi kubonakala phansi.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze kuvikelwe, izihlahla zondliwa: ngaphambi kokuthi amaqabunga aqedwe, ama-30 g we-urea ngamitha yesikwele isetshenziswa. m. Ungashintshwa yi-ammonium nitrate (25 g).
Sisazi kakade ngezinzuzo zale ndlela, kodwa futhi kunezimo eziyingozi. Owokuqala uyisikhathi "somuthi" onjalo: ukudubula okukodwa kuthathwa, futhi kuguga, futhi iminyaka engu-12 ngenxa ye-stem shrub ngumkhawulo. Ake sengeze izinkinga lapha kanye nezinkinga phakathi nobusika - kuphela izinhlobo ezinqanda amaqhwa ezifanelekile. Yebo, izindleko zomsebenzi ziphakeme kakhulu: kuzodingeka "ulungise" izikhonkwane futhi ume izikhathi eziningana phakathi nenkathi.
Wabona ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani i-gooseberries, ukuze ujabule iso futhi unike isivuno esikhulu. Manje ukusika izihlahla akusho lutho oluyimfihlo kubafundi bethu. Impumelelo ezweni!
