Ngombono wethu ojwayelekile, iplamu kufanele ibe njalo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ephuzi.
Uma kuziwa ngamapulumu aphuzi, khona-ke ngesizathu esithile umuntu wonke ucabanga ngokushesha ngeplamu.
Eqinisweni, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-plums eziphuzi, ezihlukile ku-cherry plum hhayi nje ekunambithekeni, kodwa nangesayizi yazo.
Mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo ze-plums ephuzi futhi sizoxoxwa kulokhu kulesi sihloko.
Iyini i-plums ephuzi?
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-plums eziphuzi zihluke kakhulu kwabanye - ziyasiza kakhulu, phakathi kwazo ungathola kokubili ezinkulu nezincane, ezinomsoco futhi ezimuncu.
Ngokuvamile - ungakhetha ezihlukahlukene kuzo zonke ukunambitheka, ukuma nombala. Uhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo ze-plums eziphuzi - injongo yabo yonke. Izithelo zazo zingasetshenziswa kokubili ngendlela ehlanzekile, futhi kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-canning - amakhemikhali, alondoloza, ama-compotes.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-plums "i-Altai Anniversary"
Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zazo zonke izimpande eziphuzi. Itholakala kokubili eNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga yeSiberia, nasesifundazweni sase-Ural. Ezihlukahlukene ezihlukanisiwe ensimini yaseNyakatho Kazakhstan.
I-Altai Yubileinaya yathola zonke izimfanelo zayo ezinhle kakhulu ezivela emculweni waseManchi, okuvela kuzo lezi zinhlobonhlobo. Umnikezi wesibili we-"Altai Jubilee" uthathwa njenge-Immune Plum.
Izithelo zincane, ube nesimo se-angular-round. Isisindo sabo esilinganisweni singama-gramu angu-15. Ahlukaniswa kwabanye ngombala wabo ophuzi-olalanti, ombozwe "obumnyama" obomvu obomvu obomvu. Futhi, ikhasi limbozwe ngengubo e-wax ene-tint emhlophe. Isikhumba ngokwawo sincane, asithinti ukunambitheka okuyisisekelo kwesithelo.
Inyama yeJubile "i-Altai" inemibala ephuzi-orange. Ngokwesakhiwo salo, kukhululekile kakhulu futhi kunamanzi, okwenza kube lula kakhulu uma kudliwa. Izithelo ukunambitheka kuhleelimnandi futhi elimuncu ngesici esiphunga elimnandi. Ithemba elikhulu lezithelo lihlukaniswe kalula kumalitha. Okuqukethwe kwe-ascorbic acid kungu-7 mg ngamagremu angu-100.
Lezi zihlukahlukene zicatshangelwa ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa. Ukuvuthwa okwethenjelwa kwezithelo kubonakala cishe phakathi nendawo yesibili ka-Agasti.
Isihlahla asikho neze izici ezihlukile. Ekukhuleni, kufinyelela usayizi ophakathi. Umqhele unomumo we-pyramidal ojikelezayo. Inani lamagatsha omqhele alilona elikhulu, elihlinzeka ngesihlahla ngokuqina okukhulu.
Ingxenye esemqoka yesithelo sesihlahla salokhu okuhlukahlukene yizinhlamvu zezimbali. Amagatsha angama-skeletal type, amagatsha aqondile asuka kubo e-angle ekhulu. Umbala oyinhloko wamagxolo unombala obomvu. Isihlahla sibonakala nge-shtamb ephansi.
Umuthi walezi ezihlukahlukene udumile isivuno esikhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma isihlahla akungena ngokushesha kakhulu - cishe eminyakeni engu-3-4 kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala.
Inzuzo enhle ye-Altai Jubilee plum ezihlukahlukene yilezi zivuno eziphezulu kanye nezithelo ezinhle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbala ophuzi we-plums ubanika isikhalazo esikhethekile futhi sinomusa. Kuhle ukumelana namaqhwa ebusika futhi kuphuma amaqhwa.
Kukhona ukungalungi okwanele kulezi zihlukahlukene, kodwa umlimi wezolimo onolwazi angabhekana kalula nazo zonke. Okokuqala kukho konke akufanelekile ukuhamba fresh, okuyinto, Nokho, ingaphazamisi ukucubungula amapulazi kanye nokuthutha ngesimo sejamu noma ukucubungula amabanga amade.
Futhi, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zine ukumelana okuphansi kwezifo ezihlukahlukene izici ze-plums. Ikakhulukazi ngokuvamile ethinteka yi-chlorosis. Ngokuvamile, ukulimala okukhulu kunikwa inzalo ye-Altai Jubilee. Izinhlobonhlobo zesaba ukoma futhi azikwazi ukuzibamba impova.
Uhlobo olunezinhlobonhlobo "Uju" ("Uju Olumhlophe")
Okungejwayelekile ezihlukahlukene ezihlwabusayo i-plums ephuzi, efana kakhulu noju lwangempela. Uhlobo lwemvelaphi yase-Ukraine. Ukuhlelwa kwemikhumbi kuvulekile, kuze kube sezindaweni ezisenyakatho, ezenziwa ukungahloniphi kwezinhlobonhlobo.
Izithelo zalezi zihlukahlukene zibhekwa njengezikhulu, zazo isisindo iqala kusuka amagremu angu-30 futhi ingafinyelela ngisho nakuzo zonke ezingu-50. Ngendlela, izithelo kungenzeka zingabi nhlobo ngokuphelele. Kodwa isimo sezithelo sinembile, sizungezile. Umbala wesikhumba uphuzi. Kukhona nokuqhakaza kwe-wax okuncane okukhanya.
Ubukhulu besikhumba buphakeme, okwenza isithelo sibe namandla okuthutha okuphezulu.
Inyama ihlukaniswa hhayi nje ngombala wayo ophuzi ophuzi, kodwa futhi yi-juiciness yayo. Isakhiwo sesithelo sinomdlandla, esiyinkimbinkimbi yenqubo yokwehlukana kwethambo kusukela emaspini. Sitshele kakade ukunambitheka, kumnandi kakhulu ezitshalweni zePlum "Uju", kodwa ngaphandle kokukhipha, okungahambisani ne-tinge encane yamanothi omuncu. Ukunambitha ukuhlola izithelo zalolu hlobo - 4.5.
Lokhu ukuhlukahluka kubhekwa njengenye yezokuqala phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-plums. Ukuvuthwa okususiwe kuvele kakade ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaJulayi nezinsuku zokuqala zika-Agasti. Le nzuzo inikezwa ngenxa yokuqala kokuqala kwezimbali ze-Honey.
Izinhlobonhlobo ziveza ukukhiqiza, ngakho-ke idinga ukuthungulwa ezinye izinhlobo. Njengoba ama-pollinators ngokuvamile asetshenziswa "isiHungary Early" no "Renklod Karbysheva."
Umuthi we-"Honey" usayizi omkhulu kakhulu futhi ngezimo ezinhle zokukhula zingangena kumamitha angu-5. Umqhele womuthi ugoqiwe, unenani elincane lamagatsha amakhulu. Lokhu kunomthelela ekwenzeni ukuthi umuthi awukhulu kakhulu futhi izithelo zikwazi ukuvuthwa ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
Ukuhlukahluka kubhekwa ukuphakama okuphezululokho okuhlinzekwa kancane ngosayizi omkhulu wezithelo zawo.
Izinhlobonhlobo high frost ukumelana futhi ibekezelela kalula ngisho nokushisa okwedlulele kakhulu. I-plum ayidingi ukunakekelwa okhethekile, ithatha izimpande kakhulu kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu. Inhloso yesithelo yinto yonke, eyenza ibe yinto ethandwa kakhulu kwimiyezo yasekhaya.
Ubude umuthi uthatha isikhala esiningi ensimini, ngenxa yokuthi abalimi abaningi banqabe ukuyikhula. Ngokusho kwabanye. Endaweni yayo ungahlwanyela izihlahla ezimbili ezithela phezulu futhi uthole isivuno esikhulu kakhulu, abanye bathambekele ekucabangeni ukuthi ukunambitheka kwalezi plums ungakwazi ukudela amamitha amabili engeziwe engadini. Ukuzikhethela kungokwakho.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo ze-plums esifundeni saseMoscow
I-plural varium "i-Golden Large"
Olunye uhlobo oluhle lwe-plum oluhlaza okwesithelo esihle kakhulu. Yadalwa ngenxa yokukhethwa kwezithombo zezitshalo ezihlonyelwe esifundeni eseningizimu yeRussia. Izinhlobonhlobo Golden Large ngokwayo ikakhulukazi zitholakala esifundeni Lower Volga.
Ubuningi obuvamile bezithelo ze-plum "I-Golden Large" ihlangana ngokugcwele negama futhi lingama-gram angu-43. Umbala wombala oyinhloko walezi zithelo uphuzi. Umbala wokumboza uboniswa amabala aphuzi-aphuzi. Isikhumba asiyinyumba futhi sinesidingo, i-poryta wax wax, isuswe kalula kusuka ebusweni.
Izithelo zifana ne-oval, ezinokudonswa okuncane eduze kwe-funnel nezindwangu, ubukhulu obulodwa. I-suture yesisu ayibonakali ebusweni.
Umbala we-pulp ubuphuzi. Ngokwesakhiwo, ithambe kakhulu futhi ithenda, iqukethe inani elikhulu lejusi, okwenza ukunambitheka kwalo okumnandi kube mnandi ikakhulukazi. Imisebenzi ukunambitheka kulinganiselwa ku-4.8 amaphuzu avela ku-5. Izinhlobonhlobo ungomunye wabaholi kokuqukethwe kwe-ascorbic acid ku-100 amagremu we-pulp, okulingana no-18.5 mg.
Isihlahla siqala ukuqhuma phakathi no-May, cishe izinombolo ezingu-15-19. Ngakho-ke, i-Golden Large iyinhlobonhlobo ehlukahlukene yokuvuthwa, izithelo zazo ezifinyelela esimweni esihle sokudla kuphela ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Okthoba.
Umuthi okhulayo ophakathi kwalolu hlobo uveza umqhele wepramidal ngamagatsha asakaza. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inani lamagatsha kulo muthi alinkulu futhi alithinti umqhele. Futhi, kubonakala ngamakhasi ajwayelekile. Umbala uhlunga onobukhulu. Amagatsha e-Bouquet yiyona nhlobo esemqoka yesihlahla esikhulu segolide.
I-fruiting yokuqala ibone iminyaka emine kuphela ngemva kokutshala isihlahla. Umkhiqizo wezinhlobonhlobo uphezulu kakhulu. futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, njalo. Isilinganiso sezithelo ezivunwa esihlahleni esisodwa singama 26 kg kilogram. Kusuka ku-hektha elilodwa legadidi yezimboni cishe abantu abangu-126-146 abavuthiwe izithelo ezivuthiwe baqoqwa njalo ngonyaka.
Izinzuzo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziningi. Okokuqala, kungukujwayelekile kokuhluma nokuhleleka kwezithelo ezinkulu. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukubukeka okukhangayo, kulinganiselwa kumaphuzu angu-4.5. Izinkuni ziphikisana kakhulu namazinga okushisa aphansi..
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nalapho imithi ikhula, amahlumela asetshenziselwa ukushisa ama-frost awasabeki. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezinkathi ezinde zesomiso. Kuvame ukuthinteka izinambuzane nezifo. Enye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-plums ephuzi, ekwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside ngokuhambisana nezimo ezidingekayo - kuze kube yizinyanga ezingu-1.5.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi isitoreji, ukubukeka kwesithelo kuba mkhono nakakhulu, izimfanelo zokunambitha zizuza izimfanelo ezengeziwe. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyalinywa kokubili ezindaweni zokuhlala ekhaya nasemasimini asezimboni.
Izinkuni ezisencane kuleli banga iqhwa elithandwayo, futhi isikhathi eside kakhulu singashiya umonakalo. Ngezinye izikhathi ukugcoba kungabhubhisa ngokuphelele umuthi.
Iya ekunakekeleni iplamu ephuzi
I-Plum ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhulu kumgadi wensimu. Kodwa-ke, uma ikhula ezimweni ezingafanelekile, ukunakekelwa kufanele kube njalo futhi kucabangele zonke izidingo ezidingekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zaloluhlobo oluvuthwa yiyo ndlela yokukhetha azikwazi ukuzithuthulisa ngokwabo.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwemizamo ekhethekile, kulula ukushiywa ngaphandle kwesitshalo nhlobo.
Ake siqale ngokunciphisa
Umqhele we-plum akudingeki ukuba wakhiwe, kuphela ngonyaka wokuqala kakhulu udinga ukunquma uhlelo lwaso oluncane kakhulu. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi amagatsha kufanele ashiywe emaqeleni amaningana, okunye okungafanele kube ngamagatsha ayisithupha angama-squelette. Ibanga eliphakathi kwamathayi kufanele libe ngamasentimitha angu-30-40.
Esihlahleni seminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala ewusizo ukunciphisa inzuzo encane cishe amasentimitha angu-30. Kodwa-ke, uma ngokuvamile ukukhula kwegatsha ngalinye kufana, awudingi ukulinganisa noma yini. I-plong eqinile futhi evamile yokusika izihlahla ungabambezela isikhathi sokuqala kwe-fruiting.
Emapulasheni amadala, amagatsha omile kuphela abonakele anqunywe. Ngemuva kokudubula, kumele bashiswe ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwezifo. Lapho isithelo singavamile, amagatsha amakhulu ngezinye izikhathi athwalwa.
Umanyolo isigaba esibaluleke kakhulu sokunakekelwa.
Kunconywa ukuthi inhlabathi ejikeleze iplamu ikhululiwe njalo, isuswe ukukhula kwezimpande, kanye namaminerali kanye namanyolo eziphilayo. Lokhu akufanele kwenziwe njalo, ngoba ukudonsa akuyona into enhle kakhulu kumanyolo. Amaminerali amaminerali asetshenzisiwe angaphezu kwesisodwa njalo eminyakeni emibili.
Entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukutshala inhlabathi nge nitrogen, futhi ekwindla Kunconywa ukusebenzisa phosphorus kanye potassium. I-Humus ifakwa ngisho nangaphansi kaningi-kanye kanye njalo eminyakeni engu-3-4. Isamba sawo singama-kilogram ayi-12.
Akuncane ngokuphuza
I-plum idinga kakhulu umswakama, ikakhulukazi esemncane. Eminyakeni eyomile, kufanele iphuze njalo ehlobo, kabili ngenyanga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuthi owodwa omdala kufanele ushiye amabhakede angu-10 wamanzi, uma osemncane, amabhakede angama-4-6 azokwanela.
Kubuye kudingekile ukuphuza iplamu ngoSepthemba, ngoba uma kuphuma ngaphambi kokuqala kwamaqhwa ebusika, ubusika buzoba kabili kunzima ukusinda. Kunconywa ukuba umboze umhlabathi emva kokunisela ukuze ugcine umswakama kuwo isikhathi eside.
Sivikela kusuka ezinambuzane
Umuthi uvikelekile ezifweni zefungal ngokusika nokutshisa izithelo ezigulayo, amaqabunga namahlumela. Futhi, lapho kusetshenzwa izihlahla, ikakhulukazi ekwindla, kubaluleke kakhulu phatha amaphuzu okusika besebenzisa i-grease engadini. Futhi, esikhundleni salokho, bavame ukusebenzisa ubisi lwe-lime ngethusi sulfate (1-2%) ehlanjululwa kuso.
Ukuze uvikele umuthi ekulimaleni klosterosporosis, ekwindla umuthi uchithelwa urea.
Uma nje izinga lokushisa lomoya lingafinyelelanga isibonakaliso se-thermometer engaphezu kwama-degree ayi-10, kunconywa ukuzamazama nokubhubhisa izinambuzane ezinjalo njenge-sawfly. Amaphilisi angama-6 anenkathi yezinsuku ezingu-7-10 kufanele ayenze ukuze asuse umuthi weplamu. Ukuze uphefaza, kutuswa ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifana ne "Biotoxibacillin" noma "Gaupsin".
Okudingayo ukwazi ngokunakekelwa kwasebusika kwama-plums aphuzi
Ebusika Kunconywa ukubopha amagatsha omuthi omncane Ngomunye umshanelo ukuwavikela kusuka efrijini nemimoya. Ibhayili ngokwalo iboshwe emgodleni. Izithombo ezincane ngokuvamile zinconywa ukuthi ziwehliswe eqhweni. Amagatsha omuthi omdala othela izithelo adinga ukusekelwa nge-colas, ngoba inqwaba yeqhwa ingawaqeda.
Isiqu somuthi kufanele sihlanganiswe ngangokunokwenzeka ngeqhwa leqhwa, elihlanganiswe ngotshani ovela phezulu.
Izidingo zokutshala ipulazi
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi indawo oyikhethile ukufika ihlelwe kahle futhi ingabhujiswe yimimoya. Phela, ngaphandle kokukhanya okwanele, izithelo zizobopha kabi futhi zivuthwe, futhi uma ngesikhathi sokuvuna umuthi uvunguza umoya - ubungozi ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwesitshalo.
Lungisa umgodi we-sapling
Umgodi kufanele uvunywe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukujula kwalo kufanele kube ngamasentimitha angaba ngu-60, ukuze ingxube ye-humus ne-topsoil ingafakwa ngaphansi. Le ngxube kufanele ichithekele emgodini ngokushesha, ukuze ikwazi ukuhlala ngaphambi kokufika ngokuqondile.
Futhi, kunconywa ukushayela isigxobo emgodini ngokushesha, lapho sizobe sesibopha khona isiteji. Isigxobo kufanele sitholakale ngakwesenyakatho komuthi futhi kube kude namamitha angu-15 ukusuka kuwo.
Indlela yokutshala?
Udinga ukuba uqaphele ukuthi ungangcwengi ngephutha intamo yentambo. Ngokufanelekile, kufanele kube ngamasentimitha angu-3-4 ngaphezu kwenhlabathi.
Umhlabathi ukuthi izimpande zilele akudingeki zihlanganiswe nama-fertilizer. Futhi, kubalulekile ukuthi akukho moya oshiywe eduze nezimpande, njengoba kungabomisa. Ngakho-ke inhlabathi idinga ukuxoshwa kahle. Futhi, emva kokutshala umuthi ugcwele amanzi amaningi. Ukusebenzisa amabhakede amanzi amathathu kuya kwezingu-6 (kuye ngokuthi umile noma umhlabathi unjani).
Mayelana nesikhathi sokufika
Kungenzeka ukutshala iplamu kokubili entwasahlobo, nangokuwa. Nokho, kungcono ukukhetha isikhathi sekwindla. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi ukutshala ekwindla kweplamu akukwenziwa ngokuphuthumayo njengokuthi, isibonelo, i-apula. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, kufanele kube nesikhathi sokuhlehlisa kancane emhlabathini ukuze ubekezelele izinga lokushisa eliphansi kahle. Uma kungenjalo, lesi sihlahla sizomisa nje.
