Ukufuya izinyosi

Inyosi yezinyosi isebenza kanjani?

U-Honey, mhlawumbe, ungenye yezipho eziyigugu kakhulu zemvelo, okuyinto isintu esaziwa futhi sazisa ngaso isikhathi eside.

Ukufuya ufuya ngumsebenzi odinga ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nezinyosi zezinyosi (emva kwakho konke, akuzona zonke izinyosi ezikwazi ukukhiqiza uju), inhlangano yomndeni wezinyosi kanye nemibandela ekhululekile yokuphila kwabo.

Isakhiwo sezinyosi zezinyosi

Umzimba wezinambuzane uhlukaniswe ngokomzimba izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: ikhanda, isifuba nesisu.

Ekhanda kukhona ama-antenna antenna, inhlobonhlobo yamehlo ahlanganisiwe namahlo amathathu amathathu alula, izixhobo zomlomo. Ama-Antenna ayinhlangano ebalulekile yokuthinta futhi asize ukuhamba esikhala. Umlomo noma i-proboscis iqukethe izitho eziningana: amahlombe angaphezulu nangaphansi, izindebe ezingenhla nezingezansi.

Cabanga ngesigaba sesifuba, zingaki amaphiko anezinyosi. Unamaphiko amabili wezinhlangothi ezinama-membranous: aphansi nangaphezulu. Amaphiko aphansi engxenyeni engenhla anamahhukhi, okuyinto ngesikhathi sezindiza ehlangene nephasi eliphakeme lamaphiko.

Funda mayelana nokuthi yini okudingeka ukwazi kuqala kokuqala kofuyi bezinyosi.

Emathunjini kukhona izinhlangothi ezintathu zemilenze. Ingaphakathi lemilenze ifakwe amabhulashi lapho isisebenzi sihlanza impova, siyichaza emabhasikisini. Amabhasikidi atholakala emilenzeni yangemuva.

Lezi zinambuzane zinegobolondo elilukhuni elingaphandle (isibonisi sesikhumba somuntu), esivikela izitho zangaphakathi ezilimazayo ezehlukene noma amaconsi okushisa nokusebenza komzimba.

Ngaphezu kwesembozo esinzima, umzimba ugcwele izinwele eziningi.

Isembozo sezinwele senza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile:

  • ivikela umzimba ekungcoleni;
  • ukhonza ukudlulisa impova;
  • ishisa izinambuzane ebusika (izinyosi zicindezelwa ngokumelene, zidale uhlobo lwe-tangle).

Uyazi? Inyosikazi yenkosikazi ingabizwa ngokuthi umfelokazi omnyama, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokumlingana naye, owesilisa ufa, eshiya ipeni lakhe emzimbeni wesibeletho.

Izici zezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo

Kunzima ukukholelwa, kodwa isakhiwo sezinyosi esingaphakathi siphendule umzimba wonke womuntu: ukuphefumula, ukugaya umzimba, izinhlelo zokujikeleza izinyosi zithuthukisiwe kahle, zinenhliziyo, ubuchopho, futhi isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi senzwa.

Ukugaya

Uhlelo lokugaya luhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu:

  • umnyango wokuqala - umlomo, i-pharynx, isophagus, i-honey goiter;
  • okwesibili - isisu;
  • okwesithathu - amathumbu.
Indlela uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenza ngayo: ekumuneni, ekugayeni kanye nokuguqulwa kwesikhumba kuba uju, izigulane ezisekhanda nasezingxenyeni ze-thoracic (i-salivary ne-subpharyngeal) zihileleke ngokuqondile.

I-pharynx iqhutshwa yi-esophagus, etholakala esifundeni se-thoracic; isisindo, ukwandisa, sakha i-goiter yokugcina uju. Leli fomu efomu elingenalutho linomthamo we-cubic 14 mm, kodwa ngosizo lwamasipha, ligcwaliswa, lithelela izikhathi ezintathu kuya kwezine. Ngesizo semisipha efanayo ngokusebenzisa i-esophagus ne-proboscis, i-goiter iqhuma okuqukethwe.

Okulandelayo kuza isisu, eqinisweni - lokhu kungumuthi, lapho izinqubo zokugaya zinzeka khona.

Umnyango wesithathu - Amathumbu amelelwa ama-guts amabili: aphansi futhi aqondile. I-rectum iqukethe izinsalela zokudla okungapheli, okulimazayo okuqedwa yikuvezwa isikhathi eside ngokukhishwa kwezinto ezithile eziphikisayo ezivela ezigodini.

Ukuphefumula

Inambuzane inesimiso sokuphefumula esinamandla cishe wonke umzimba.

Ukuphefumula ngokusebenzisa izivulo eziningi emzimbeni.: izibhamu ezintathu esifubeni kanye nesithupha esiswini. Kule miqhudelwano, umoya udlula ngezinwele, ukuhlanza, ungena emasakeni e-air axhunyiwe komunye nomunye, khona-ke umoya-mpilo uthwala ngokusebenzisa umthambo kuwo wonke umzimba. Ukukhipha umoya kuvela nge-spiracles yesithathu esesifundeni se-thoracic.

I-Heartbeat

Inhliziyo emihlanu yezinyosi ifana nethubhu elixubile, isitho sisuka emuva kuya ekhanda kuyo yonke ingxenye engenhla yomzimba, i-aorta itholakala esifundeni se-thoracic.

I-Hemolymph iyi-tissue tissue eluhlaza ngaphandle kwegazi ku-insect, empeleni, i-plasma eyenza umsebenzi ofanayo negazi lomuntu. I-valves yenhliziyo idlulisa i-hemolymph kusukela esiswini kuya ekhanda, futhi izingxube ze-dorsal ne-thoracic zilawula ukufana kwayo okwamanje. Ukutshala kwenhliziyo ku-honeybee esimweni sokuthula - ukushaya okungama-60-70 ngomzuzu, ngokushesha nje uma indiza inyuke ibe yizintambo ezingu-150.

Omunye wemikhiqizo eyigugu kakhulu yokufuya izinyosi uju, futhi ungaba nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo, njenge-acacia, u-acacia, i-coriander, u-buckwheat, i-lime, i-fatselium, i-rapeseed, emhlophe, ngisho nasendle.

Izitho zeSense

Inyosi inamehlo ayisihlanu abona ama-degrees angu-360 azungeze wona kanye nakho konke okuphezulu nangaphansi.

Iso ngalinye libona okuphambi kwakhe, futhi bonke babona lokho abakubona esithombeni esisodwa. Umbono ubizwa ngokuthi i-mosaic, njengoba amehlo amabili anzima ahlanganisa ama-peepholes ayizinkulungwane ezingu-4-10 (kuye ngokuthi ubulungu be-caste). Lo mbono ikuvumela ukuba ubone isiqondiso sogagasi olukhanyayo futhi unqume isimo selanga, ngisho nasesimo sezulu esibhakabhaka.

Ngomqondo wokunuka nokuthinta yizintambo ezitholakala ekhanda nenye yezinwele ezimboza umzimba. I-antennae ibuye ivumele izinyosi ukuthi zithole isimo sezulu: izinga lokushisa, umswakama. Amaqabunga asemnandi atholakala kuma-paws, antennae, proboscis nasemqaleni. Inambuzane ayinazo izindlebe, kodwa inokuzwa. Izakhiwo zikhona kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba nemilenze.

Uyazi? Iqoqo lezinyosi i-shape ephelele yejometri, iheksagoni enezilinganiso eziqondile kanye nama-angles afanayo.

Izici zomjikelezo wokuphila

Umndeni wezinyosi uhlukaniswe ngama-castes amathathu: isizalo, ama-drones nabasebenzi. Isikhathi sokuphila sihlukile kuwo wonke umuntu. Ubuningi beeziphila buxhomeke ku-caste: indlovukazi iphila iminyaka engamatshumi ayisikhombisa, ama-drones agcina amasonto amahlanu, izisebenzi zihlala amasonto ayisishiyagalombili.

Ekupheleni ebusika, isibeletho sibeka amaqanda, izibungu zivela ezinsukwini ezintathu. Izimpungushe zondliwa yizinyosi zokusebenza cishe kwezinsuku eziyisithupha. Khona-ke isibungu esisiza nge-wax sivaliwe esitokisini, lapho sifunda khona-siphenduka sibe yisisulu esidala.

Kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingu-12, futhi i-imago ivela - umuntu ohlukile kunyosi ekhule ngokugcwele futhi eyakhelwe kuphela esikhunjeni sayo esincane. Indima yayo ukupha abantwana, "hlambulula" isidleke futhi wenze ezinye imisebenzi "zasendlini".

Esikhathini sezinyosi ubusa ubukhosi obuqinile. Indima yesibeletho incishiswe ku-brood kanye nokuvuselelwa komndeni wezinyosi. Kungashiya isidleke kuphela ngesikhathi sehla.

I-Drones - abesilisa, bankulu, abanayo isitofu. Umsebenzi wabo wokuphila emcimbini ukukhulelwa kwesisu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngokushesha ngemva kokuqeda ama-drones ayafa. Inombolo enkulu kakhulu ye-drones izalwa emashumini kunokuba kudingekile ukuxubana nesisu, ngakho-ke labo abangazange bahlanganyele enkambweni yokuxubha baxoshwa emndenini.

Abasebenzi bangabantu besifazane.. Lezi zibonelo zibophe wonke umsebenzi "ekhaya" nangaphezulu. Ama-specimens amancane asematasa ahlanza isidleke futhi anakekele izibungu, futhi ahlangane ne-nectar ekwazi ukuqoqa, aqaphe ukulungiswa kwesimungulu - ukuguqula, ukwakhiwa, ukuhlinzeka ukuvikelwa emndenini.

Izinhlanga ezivame kakhulu izitshalo zeju

Izitshalo zezinyosi zinezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene, ezihlukile komunye nomunye ngokubukeka kanye nokunye okuphawulekayo ekuthuthukiseni nasemisebenzini yokuphila.

Cabanga odumile kakhulu kubo:

  • Umnyama waseYurophu - uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Unomzimba omnyama omnyama ne-proboscis emfushane. Uju olukhiqizwa yizilwane lukhanya ngombala. Lezi zinhlobo kancane zicasuliwe, kubonakala sengathi zinolaka. Phakathi kwezimfanelo ezinhle zomndeni ukuphikiswa kwezifo, ukuzala nokushisa kwesimo sezulu. Omunye umndeni ngenkathi uletha ku-30 ​​kg uju.
  • Isiteji sase-Ukraine. Ubukhulu obuncane, umbala ophuzi obuningi, ubumnene bushukela, hhayi obuthakathaka. Ukumelana nokubandayo nezifo. Phakathi nenkathi, umndeni uveza u-40 kg uju, oqhathanisa nezinye izinhlobo.

Hlola izinhlobo ezidumile zezinyosi, bese uthola umehluko phakathi kwabo.

  • I-Caucasian Ubukhulu bufana nohlobo lwase-Ukraine, umbala womzimba uwuphuzi ophuzi. Uhluke emkhakheni omude, okwazi ukufinyelela emaceleni ngisho nasezinkomeni ezijulile zezimbali. Ukusebenza kanzima, ngisho nokusebenza emoyeni, ukumelana nezifo, kodwa ukuhlukumezeka. Ukukhiqizwa komndeni owodwa - kufika ku-40 kg.
  • Isi-Italian ukungeniswa kusuka e-Apennines, inesifo eside, isisu esiphuzi futhi sabeka izindandatho emzimbeni wonke. Kuzolile futhi kuhlanzekile, kubhubhisa inundu, ukuphanga emifuba, kuhlanza ngokucophelela imifantu, enethonya elihle kwimikhiqizo yalo. Iyakwazi ukunqoba lesi sifo, kodwa ukukhiqiza kuncane kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo.
  • I-carpathian honey plant unomzimba ompunga, hhayi onobudlova, othandwa ngabafuyi bezinyosi. Ukuvunguza okukhulu, ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi, ukukhiqiza okuhle - kufika ku-40 kg.

Imithetho yokuqukethwe eyisisekelo

Ukufuya izinyosi kudinga okungenani ulwazi olulinganiselwe lwesakhiwo sezinyosi, izidingo zabo, kusukela ekuqaleni kwendawo "ekhaya" nelungiselelo layo.

Indawo

I-apiary ifakwe endaweni eyomile, evikelekile ezindaweni ezihamba emoyeni, kuyadingeka ukuyivikela ngokutshala izihlahla. Esizeni isitshalo etshalwe izitshalo uju izitshalo.

Kubalulekile! Akunakwenzeka ukuhlomisa i-apiary eduze nemigwaqo nezikhungo zezimboni: okokuqala ngqa ibanga elingamamitha angamakhulu amahlanu, okwesibili - kuze kube amakhilomitha amahlanu.

Imithetho yokuthuthukisa ikhaya lezinyosi

Izindlu ze-hive zibekwe kude kwamamitha amathathu ukusuka komunye nomunye, amamitha ayishumi phakathi kwemigqa. Ukuze uqaphele izinyosi zasemakhaya abo zidwetshiwe ezimthunzini ezimhlophe, eziphuzi noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ukuze uvikele izinambuzane ezinambuzane, amafasitela we "izindlu" avaliwe ngegridi elihle. I-apiary inikwe iziphuzo, izinambuzane nazo, zome.

Imithetho ekhulayo

Ngentwasahlobo (ngo-Ephreli - Meyi), ngaphambi kokuhlala kabusha, izindlu zezinyosi zingasetshenziswa nge-disinfected, okufanayo kusebenza nemishini yokugqoka lapho u-beekeeper esebenza khona namawadi.

Ukuhlala kwemindeni kuchitha isikhathi esishisayo ngokushisa okungaphansi kwe-10 ° C yokushisa, imindeni ebuthakathaka iyahlangana, izindlu zabo ziyashisa. Isikhathi esiseduzane neqoqo lezinyosi, izinyosi zihlolwa ngezifo ezikhona noma izinambuzane emiseleni.

Funda indlela yokwenza ubhontshisi ngezandla zakho.

Ehlobo, udinga ukufaka esikhundleni sohlaka olugcwele uju ngezinye izikhathi ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuvuselela amawadi ukukhiqiza.

Ekubeni, isikebhe siyilungele ubusika futhi sondliwe. Ukudla uju, i-perga noma isiraphu yeshukela. Ukuze ulungise isiraphu, amanzi noshukela bathathe ezimbili kuya kwesinye.

Lapho uhlanza imifantu, abantu abafile bashiswa.

Esimweni sokubhukuda, izinyosi zingaba yingozi ezilwaneni nasebantwini.

Ukuqhuma kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

  • iminyaka ehloniphekile yesisu (iminyaka engama-4);
  • uma ukuphuza umoya kuphukile esidlekeni, kukhona ukushisa;
  • isibeletho sinikeza ama-pheromone akhethekile, ngalesi sikhathi kukhona ama-rubs (ama-drones angathuthuki), kubangelwa isifo noma ukuguga kwesibeletho.

Le nqubo ingabonwa kusengaphambili yizici ezilandelayo:

  • abasebenzi baqala ukwakhiwa okusebenzayo kwamaseli wenkosikazi;
  • akukho okuhambayo kuqhuma umpe, ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sibeletho sinciphisa, ngoba asikondliwe;
  • isibeletho esibuthakathaka asibeka amaqanda futhi sinciphisa kakhulu usayizi nesisindo.
Isikhathi esilandelayo senqubo nguMeyi.

Kubalulekile! Ukuze ugweme ukuqhuma, umlimi wezinyosi kumele alungise isimo ngesikhathi (ezinsukwini eziyishumi ngaphambi kokudumala). Uma imihlathi isempumalanga, idinga ukudluliselwa emthunzini. Entwasahlobo udinga ukutshala isitshalo ngoshukela ngokuqinile ukuze uphazamise amawadi ngomsebenzi.

Yiziphi izinyosi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezitshalayo ezihlukile ezivela zasendle?

Sizoqonda ukuthi singayahlukanisa kanjani izinyosi, ukubona ukuthi umuntu ofuywayo noma ongasendle uphambi kwakho.

Abantu basendle abanobukhulu besayizi omncane kanye nombala omncane ogqamile.. Awukwazi ukunakwa, ngoba, ngokungafani namakhophi asekhaya, akekho ozowavikela, ngakho-ke ahlukumezeka kakhulu.

Izinyosi zasendle ziqinile kakhulu, zimboza ibanga elide ekufuneni umpe, zikhiqize uju. Imizimba yabo imelana nezifo futhi bayakwazi ukusinda amaqhwa kuze kube ngaphansi kwe-50 ° C.

Izinkukhu zasendle zihlela futhi zihlele izinyosi ikakhulukazi emigodini noma emadwaleni. Yakha izidleke zazo ngokuzenzekelayo, besebenzisa i-wax njenge "samente". Njengoba kungekho zimele ezihlahleni zazo, ukuma kwamaseli kungama-lingual.

Izinyosi zingabasebenzi abasebenza kanzima, bahamba amabanga amancane ukuqoqa nokuletha ubisi emngceleni. Isimo sengqondo sokuqapha nokucophelela kubo sizokhokha ngempahla enhle ewusizo.