IGerbera ingca yotshani enezimbali ezinhle ezinkulu. Iningi labantu liyibona inqunywa engxenyeni yezimbali, kodwa ukuzikhulisa ngokwakho akunzima kangako. Isitshalo asimisi ngokuphelele. Izoyihlobisa kahle i-flowerbed noma ijabulise ebhodweni elifana nembali yegumbi. UGerbera ungowakwa-Asters womndeni. Izwe lakubo lingukugqashuka kwe-Asia esishisayo, iNingizimu Afrika cishe. EMadagascar Kwesinye isikhathi itholakala ngaphansi kwegama elithi transvaal daisy noma i-transvaal daisy.
Incazelo yezitshalo
IGerbera isitshalo se-herbaceous sangemuva esidalwa ngobukhulu obuhlanganayo. Ukuphakama kwehlumela kungamasentimitha angama-25-60. Noma kunjalo, i-gerbera ephezulu kangako yenzeka kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Iningi lesitshalo lakhiwa indawo ethengiswa ngamaqabunga etholakala eduze komhlaba. Amaqabunga akhula kumahlosi amaningi kuma-petioles amafushane. Banesimo se-cirrus-dissected esinengxenye ephakathi nendawo. Amasheya akhonjwa futhi angafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-35. Ingaphezulu lamaqabunga linobala, alunalutho. Kwesinye isikhathi esisekelweni kanye ne-petioles kukhona inqwaba ethambile. Amahlamvu adwetshwe ngombala oluhlaza oqinile.
Ukuqhakaza kukaGerbera ngo-Agasti-Novemba. Kusuka enkabeni ye-rosette yamaqabunga kukhula ongenalutho, embozwe nge-peduncle yenqwaba kuze kube ngama-60-80 cm.ingaba munye noma eziningana zikhule ngasikhathi sinye. Kubhasikidi olulodwa olunobubanzi obungafika ku-14-15 cm (ezimweni ezingafinyeleleki, kuze kufike ku-30 cm) phezulu. Imvamisa, amakhanda asindayo athelelwa ohlangothini.
Umbala we-petals uhlukahluka kakhulu: upinki, mhlophe, uphuzi, onsomi, ubomvu. Isikhungo esixakile sinezimbali eziningi ezincane ze-tubular ezinombala ophuzi noma omnyama onsundu. Izimbali zomhlanga zikhula ngemigqa eminingana emaphethelweni. Isihlahla esidabukisayo siqhakaza izinyanga ezingama-3-4.
Ngemuva kokuvunda, imbewu enenhlamvu emnyama ende ivuthiwe. Isisindo samayunithi ayi-1000 kuphela ngama-g ayi-2-3. Agcina ukuhluma isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezi-6.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo nezinhlobonhlobo
Uhlobo lwe-gerbera lunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-80, noma kunjalo, i-hybrid, izitshalo ezihlobisa kakhulu zithandwa kakhulu esikweni. Isisekelo iningi labo kwakuyizinhlobo ezimbili ezilandelayo.
Gerber Jameson. I-herbaceous perennial inesiqu esifushane, esifihlwe irosette eminyene yamaqabunga ase-basal. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ama-basque ama-inflorescences angamabhasikidi afanayo nama-daisy anemibala ehlukahlukene anobubanzi bokuqhakaza okungama-4-15 cm ngaphezulu kwamahlamvu we-cirrus.
Iqabunga eliluhlaza likaGerbera (elijwayelekile). Amaqabunga amade aqinile, afana namahlamvu e-dandelion, anokukhanya okuqinile futhi okuqinile. Ama-inflorescence amnene apinki amnyama nasemaqandeni amancanyana kwizimbali zomhlanga aphuma kuma-pubescent angenalutho afinyelela 1 m ukuphakama.
Izinhlobo ze-Hybrid. Imvamisa ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ngokuya ngesakhiwo samacembe noma i-inflorescence iyonke. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu kungabizwa ngokuthi:
- Umkhosi - obhasikidi abakhulu abaphethe amatshe aphakathi abanzi aqhakaza ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga amakhulu kuma-peduncle amafushane;
- I-Alcor - isitshalo esinamahlamvu amancane nezimbali ezincane (cishe ngo-8 cm) izimbali;
- I-Jupiter - izimbali zomhlanga ezinama-petals acishe abe mncane ngokwenalithi;
- Izimbumbulu - obhasikidi ezinkulu ezinemigqa eminingana yamacembe abanzi ziyaqhakaza ku-peduncle efinyelela ku-65 cm ukuphakama.
Izindlela zokuzala
IGerbera ingasakazwa ngembewu, ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla nokusikwa. Njengoba imbewu isheshe ilahlekelwe amandla ayo okuhluma, kunconyelwa ukuyitshala kungekudala ngemuva kokuvunwa. Ukuze uthole izitshalo, lungiselela amabhokisi agcwele inhlabathi evundile evundile (i-perlite, isihlabathi, i-peat, umhlaba weshidi). Imbewu isatshalaliswa ngaphandle bese ifafazwa ngesihlabathi esimanzi somfula. Ngemuva kokuthambisa ngokucophelela, imbiza imbozwa ngefilimu ukuze ithole uhlobo lokushisa okuluhlaza. Ukuthengisa kwenziwa kabili ngosuku, futhi ukufafaza kube kunesidingo. Gcina i-greenhouse ekushiseni kwe + 16 ... + 20 ° C.
Ama-Shots aqala ukuvela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-8-12. Kusukela kuleso sikhathi, ukukhoseliswa kuyasuswa, futhi ukuthambisa kwenziwa kaningi, kodwa ngokunakekela okukhulu. Ngokuvela kwamaqabunga amaqabunga angempela, izithombo ze-gerbera zingena ebhokisini elisha elinebanga elingamasentimitha angama-7-8. Ukuba khona kwamaqabunga ama-5-6 ezitshalweni kukhombisa isidingo sokufakelwa kumabhodwe amancane ahlukene. Izimbali zizofika ezinyangeni eziyi-9-11.
Isihlahla esikhulu ngezikhathi ezithile sinikeza izinqubo ze-basal. Entwasahlobo, zingahlukaniswa yisitshalo esikhulu futhi zitshalwe emiphongolweni ehlukile noma embhedeni wezimbali. Ukwenza imifino ibe yinhle ngokwengeziwe, amahlumela ama-2-3 atshalwe emgodini owodwa.
I-gerbera yabantu abadala ngesikhathi sokufakelwa ingahlukaniswa izingxenye ezilinganayo. Kulokhu, i-rhizome ikhululwa ngokucophelela emhlabathini, bese isikwa ngecala elibukhali kube abahlukanisi. Ngaphandle kokuvumela izimpande zome, ngokushesha zitshalwa enhlabathini entsha futhi ziniselwe.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
Imbali ye-thermophilic imvamisa ikhula ngaphakathi endlini noma ku-greenhouse. Akunzima kangako ukujabulisa wena ngegciwane eliqhakaza ebhodweni.
Isibani Isitshalo sidinga ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo namahora amade wemini. Igcinwa emafasiteleni ohlangothini lwelanga, futhi ebusika bakhanyiswa ngama-phytolamp. Ngezinsuku ezishisa kakhulu, kunconyelwa ukuthi ungene egumbini ngokushesha noma ubeke imbali ngaphandle. Emini, umqhele uboshwe ngeakhethini le-tulle.
Ukushisa UGerbera ukhula kahle kakhulu emazingeni okushisa + 18 ... + 24 ° C. Ukushisa ngokweqile akufiseleki njengokupholisa. Ebusika, isitshalo siphumule, sigcinwa ku + 14 ... + 16 ° C. Konke ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa kufanele kube bushelelezi. IGerbera ingasinda ekuqothulweni okubandayo kwe- + 8 ... + 10 ° C, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Umswakama. Noma isitshalo sivumelana kahle nomswakama ojwayelekile egumbini, kunconywa ukusifafaza ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanzi akufanele awele kuma-inflorescence. Amahlamvu ngezinye izikhathi angahlanzwa othulini ngendwangu emanzi.
Ukunisela. IGerbera idinga ukuthambisa njalo futhi inala ukuze inhlabathi ihlale imanzi kancane. Amanzi aqinile awathandeki, ngakho-ke ipani likhishwa isigamu sehora ngemuva kokunisela. Amanzi kufanele athambeke, ahlanzwe kahle. Musa ukusebenzisa ubisi olunamanzi kunokushisa kwegumbi.
Umanyolo. Imbali idinga ukugqokwa njalo okuphezulu (kuze kube kane ngenyanga). Kodwa-ke, kuyisiko ukusebenzisa uhhafu wokuhlushwa we-minamin tata. Kuthululelwa emhlabathini. Entwasahlobo, kusetshenziswa imishini ephezulu ye-nitrogen. Kusukela esikhathini sokubumba kwe-bud, isetshenziswa sigqoka esiphezulu se-potassium-phosphorus.
Ukufakelwa IGerbera ayikubekezeleli ukufakelwa kahle kakhulu, ngakho-ke izinqubo zenziwa lapho imbiza isiba namandla kakhulu. Umthamo awubanzi kakhulu, amasentimitha ambalwa nje kunawedlule. Inhlabathi kumele ibe yinomsoco futhi ixege. Yakhiwa nge-peat, isihlabathi, i-sphagnum moss nomhlaba wamahlamvu. Wonke umsebenzi wokutshala uphinyaniswa ngesikhathi sezimbali.
Izifo nezinambuzane. IGerbera ithathwa njengesitshalo esingamelana nalutho, kepha ngokuqina kwamanzi ithinta i-powdery hlobo, ukulimala sekwephuzile, ukubola kwezimpande kanye nefusarium. Ukuvimbela kungukungenisa umoya omncane kanye nokunisela ngokulinganayo. Uma kunesidingo, ukwelashwa ngeFundazole kuyenziwa. Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezikwi-gerbera, ezisebenzayo kakhulu yizimbuzane zesicabucabu kanye nama-aphid. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane aziqapheleki ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha zibangela ukulimala okukhulu, ngakho-ke udinga ukuzixosha ngaso leso sikhathi.
Gerbera emhlabathini ovulekile
Noma yimuphi, umlimi ongahlanyi kakhulu angajabulela ama-gerberas aqhakaza esihlahleni sezimbali. Maye, esimeni sezulu esifudumele lesi sitshalo esithanda ukushisa asibusika. Kungatshalwa njengonyaka, noma kutshalwe emabhodweni njalo ngonyaka ekwindla kulethwe egumbini elipholile (hhayi ngaphansi kuka + 8 ° C).
Entwasahlobo, bahlela ukufika emhlabeni ngoMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni, lapho konke ukupholisa kwenzeka. Nge-gerbera khetha indawo evulekile enelanga. Inhlabathi kumele ibe yikhululekile futhi ivundile. Amakhuba enziwa angajulile ukuze isiqu sihlale phezu komhlaba. Izithombo ezikhulile zizoqhakaza engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo.
Izitshalo zidinga ukuthambisa njalo futhi ziningi. Kufanele futhi ukhulule inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile futhi uchithe ukhula. Kabili ngenyanga, ama-bush ahluthiswa ngesakhi samaminerali.
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ungashiya i-gerbera iye ebusika emhlabathini ovulekile. Kulokhu, izitshalo zimbozwe ungqimba obukhulu botshani obomile namaqabunga awile. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho kakhulu, ukuze kulondolozwe i-gerbera, bayayimba. Ukuphumula kokunakekelwa engadini nasekhaya imbali kuyafana.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezimbali
Inhloso eyinhloko yesitshalo ukwakhiwa okuhlobisa ukwakheka kwezwe noma ikhaya. Amabhasi anezimbali ezinkulu ngokwawo abukeka njengamagumbi okuphumula amancane. Ekubunjweni komhlaba, i-gerbera isetshenziswa ukuhlobisa imingcele nemibhede yezimbali exubile. Omakhelwane bakhe abasehlakalweni sezimbali bangaba ama-daisies, chrysanthemums, roses, callas.
Ama-Bouquets avela kulesi sitshalo somusa athandwa kakhulu, ngoba izimbali azinalo iphunga elingathandeki futhi zilungele ngisho nezinto ezingathandeki. Lesi sitshalo sihlotshaniswa nokuthembeka, ubumnene kanye nenjabulo. IGerbera ingama emanzini isikhathi eside kakhulu, into esemqoka ukunakekela kahle isixha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, usike iziqu ngomdwebo ukuze ukhuphule indawo lapho uhlangana khona namanzi. Uketshezi kufanele lube nokushisa kwegumbi. Kungezwe amaphilisi ambalwa we-aspirin kuwo. Ukuze iziqu zingaboli, amanzi aguqulwa nsuku zonke.
