Lapho kufika ubusika, futhi umsebenzi wezinkathi ezweni kanye nasezindaweni zensimu, lokhu akusho ukuthi izihlahla azisadingeki ukunakekelwa.
Izihlahla zidinga ukuvikeleka, mayelana nokuthi zingasetshenziswa kanjani nokuthi zizohlala kanjani ezihlahleni ezincane zama-apula ebusika, sizoxoxa kule ngxenye.
Kungani ukumboza umuthi we-apula
Abantu abaningi abaqondi kangako indlela yokulima, bacabanga ukuthi ukumboza izihlahla ze-apula ebusika kuyadingeka ukuze zingabhubhisizwa yiqhwa eliqinile lasebusika. Kodwa empeleni lokhu akunjalo neze. Amaqhwa abusika kakhulu asebusika angesabeka kuphela ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile zezihlahla ze-apula, bese-ke, uma ukhula kuzo esifundeni saseSiberia. Empeleni, konke ukulungiselela izihlahla ebusika ikakhulukazi kwenziwa ukuze kuvikelwe izihlahla ze-apula ezivela emaqanda. Ngaphandle kokudla okuvamile, lezi zinduku zidla amagxolo emithi yezithelo ngenjabulo enkulu. Ngaphandle kwamahares, amagxolo abuye ahlukumeze ukudliwa kwamagundane ngisho nama-beavers (uma uhlala eduze kwebhuba).
Kubalulekile! Ezindaweni eziseningizimu yezwe lethu, akudingekile ukuvikela uhlelo lwempande lwezithombo kusuka eqhweni, kungenjalo kukhona ingozi yokukhulisa isikhathi esizayo, okungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.Kodwa ama-rodents akuzona kuphela izinambuzane zezihlahla zezithelo ze-apula ngenkathi ebusika ebanda. Imimoya enamandla futhi enamandla ingalimaza amagxolo ezitshalo, futhi lokhu, kungaholela ekufeni kwamanye amagatsha noma ngisho nomuthi wonke, ikakhulukazi uma umuthi uncane ngokwanele.
Imisebe yama-sun spring ingaphazamisa izihlahla ze-apula engadini yakho. Ilanga, elamukelekile kakhulu kithi, lingashisa imifino yezitshalo zezithelo.
Bheka izinhlobo ezinjalo zama-apula njenge "Candy", "Medunitsa", "Bogatyr", "Spartan", "Lobo", "Zhigulevskoe", "iMantet", "Dream", "Melba", "Sinap Orlovsky".Futhi uma amagxolo ebusika ethinteka yiziphi izinambuzane ezingenhla, lesi sihlahla ngeke sisakwazi ukukhula futhi sithele izithelo ezimweni ezijwayelekile. Ngenxa yomonakalo emagqabeni, isivuno se-apula singancipha ngesilinganiso se-2 noma izikhathi ezintathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezihlukahlukene (amazolo e-mealy, isikhumba, njll) zivame ukugcinwa emithini ethintekayo ebusika.
Ungaqala kanjani ukulungiselela i-apula ebusika
Ukulungiselela izihlahla ze-apula ebusika kufanele kuqale ngokuhlanza amaqabunga awile. Abanye balimi bakholelwa ukuthi amaqabunga awile adlala indima yesikhumbuzo, futhi akufanele asuswe.
Kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele, iqiniso liwukuthi emaqabeni anjalo kunezinambuzane eziningi ze-pathogenic, isikhunta nama-bacterium aqoqiwe, okuyinto ngesikhathi sasebusika angathinta amagxolo namahlumela ezihlahla.
Ama-apples afanayo aphuzayo futhi abolile, angazange awele ezihlahleni (noma awele). Bahlanganisa futhi izimpungushe eziningi, okuzofika lapho zifika ukushisa kwentwasahlobo, zizoqala ukudla futhi izingxenye ezahlukene ze-apula. Ngakho-ke, zonke izithelo ezibolile kumele zisuswe esihlahleni ngesikhathi.
Ekwindla sekwephuzile, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, amagxolo emithi kufanele asetshenzwe nge-sulphate yensimbi noma yethusi. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuhlakulela inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla ze-apula, ngoba kungase kube khona izinambuzane eziningi zomuthi, futhi izingxube ze-vitriol zingabhubhisa. Ukugcoba ingxenye engezansi yesiqu somuthi nge-lime kungavimba isitshalo kusuka ezinambuzaneni ezincane nasemisebeni yasentwasahlobo yelanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo enjalo iyakwazi ukuvikela izitshalo zezithelo ze-apple kusuka kubanikazi beqhwa (ngokuvamile bavele ngemuva kokushintsha kokushisa okungazelelwe). Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukumhlophe, ungakhohlwa ukuqoqa ama-mosses nama-lichen kusukela emagqumeni.
Ukuhlanganisa imithi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekulungiseleleni izihlahla ze-apula ebusika. Beka umquba ozungeza umuthi ukuze ububanzi bomunyu bubheke ububanzi bomqhele wesihlahla. Esikhundleni se-mulch kuyinto efaneleka utshani, i-sawdust noma i-peat. Ubuningi bomklamo we-mulch kufanele kube ngu-10-15 cm.
Uyazi? Izihlahla ze-apula ezindala ngaphandle kokukhosela ebusika zingamelana namazinga okushisa phansi -35 ° C.Esinye isinyathelo esibalulekile ekulungiseleleni izihlahla ze-apula ebusika kunamagatsha okusika izihlahla bese enza umqhele. Ukuze uthathe amagatsha omdala omisiwe, sebenzisa izingubo ezibukhali noma i-hacksaw. Amahlumela amancane anganciphiswa ngesithathu.
Wonke amagatsha ayathandeka ukusika ngeso elibukhali. Izindawo zokusikeka kufanele zimboze ngamafutha e-linseed noma amafutha. Wonke amagatsha aqoshiwe kudingeka aqoqwe emgqonyeni owodwa futhi ashise, ngoba angakwazi ukuhlala ezinhlobonhlobo zamabhaktheriya nezifungi (ikakhulukazi emagatsheni omisiwe).Kanti futhi ngezihlahla ezivamile ze-apulabhisi ama-apula zidinga ukuvuthwa okunamandla ekwindla. Emzaneni, yenza imbobo encane, bese uyigcwalisa ngamanzi. Ngaphansi kwesitshalo esisodwa ngesikhathi, ungakwazi ukuthulula amanzi angu-200. Inqubo iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3. Ukunisela kuyosiza uhlelo lwempande zezitshalo zezithelo lungcono ukubekezelela amaqhwa ebusika.
Uma udinga ukuqala ukumboza izihlahla ze-apula
Azikho izinsuku eziqondile zokukhosela izihlahla ze-apple, njengoba kunezindawo eziningana zezulu ezisezweni lethu, futhi izinsuku zixhomeke ngokuqondile kulokhu okulandelayo. 
Abalimi abaningi abanolwazi bancoma ukumboza izihlahla ze-apula lapho izinga lokushisa lokubandayo elibandayo lingeniswe ngaphandle (isilinganiso esivela nsukuzonke kufanele sibe ngo-10 ° C). Uma uqala ukumboza izitshalo zezithelo esikhathini esithile, khona-ke ungakwazi ukumane ubabhubhise.
Izihlahla ze-apula, ezazivikelekile ekuqaleni, zingaqala ukukhula futhi ebusika. Ngemuva kokuzwa ubanda, uma umboza isitshalo, uqala ukufudumala futhi ungaqeda izinso.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, isitshalo esinama-50% singase sife ebusika. Yebo, uma lokhu kwenzeka nge-sapling, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi kunyuke ku-80-90%. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwesikhathi esifanele sokukhosela kuyisici esibalulekile ekulungiseleleni izihlahla ze-apula ebusika.
Indlela yokumboza izihlahla ze-apula ebusika
Uma usalokhu uhlushwa umbuzo wendlela yokukhosela i-apula esihlahleni, bese ulalela izincomo zethu, esizokunikeza ngezansi. 
Shelter izithombo
Kubalulekile ukumboza izithombo ngokucophelela kunezihlahla ezivuthiwe. Izinhlobo ezingenayo ukuphikiswa kweqhwa elihle zingakwazi ukukhishwa ngesikhathi seqhwa kuqala ebusika ebusuku.
Zonke izinhlobo zasebusika zezihlahla zama-apula ezinokumelana nokuqina kwama-frost zingahlwanyelwa ekuwa, kanti indlela yokufihla izithombo ezinjalo zihluke kakhulu kunendawo yokukhosela yezinhlobo ezingenakuqhwa kwamaqhwa ezigcinwa ebusika ukutshala intwasahlobo.
Kubalulekile! Umqhele wezihlahla ze-apula ezincane kumele zimbozwe ngokuphelele ngeqhwa. Ungashiya ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela kuphela ukhule amahlumela angasokile.Isinyathelo-ngesinyathelo indlela yokukhosela izitshalo ezingenqamuki ezibandayo ezilungiselelwe ukutshala entwasahlobo:
- Thola engadini yakho noma kusayithi indawo lapho ebusika khona ngeke kube nemimoya eqinile yasenyakatho. Le ndawo kufanele ibe yomile ngangokunokwenzeka, indawo engcono kakhulu ifanelekile.
- Manje udinga ukumba imbobo eyi-50 cm ejulile no-35-40 cm ububanzi.
- Izimpande zezitshalo ngaphambi kokutshala kumele zifakwe emanzini okubumba, bese ziphela.
- Nciphisa uhlelo lwempande yamapulasheni amancane ngenhlanganisela ye-peat ne-humus. Ngemuva kwe-powder, inhlabathi idinga ukuhlanganiswa kancane kancane ngaphambi kokuba kuvele umgodi omncane. Umqhele udinga ukumbozwa ngezingqimba zamagatsha ase-agrofibre noma owomile we-spruce, ngakho-ke amagundane ngeke akwazi ukunambitha i-apple-tree yakho.
- Phakathi nobusika, phonsa iqhwa ngaphansi kwezithombo. Isiza ama-apula ukuba asebenzise kahle ubusika. Uma iqhwa eliseduze kwesihlahla linganele, uhlelo lwaso lwempande lungase lufakwe.
Zama futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amahlumela amancane awaphuli ngaphansi kwesisindo seqhwa. Lapho kufika entwasahlobo, musa ukususa ngokushesha konke ukuvikelwa, kodwa kwenze kancane kancane. Phela, ngezinye izikhathi ama-frosts ebusuku angabuyela ngisho no-May.Indlela yesibili yokukhosela ifaneleka kakhulu ngezinhlobo zama-apula ezinganqamuki:
- Kulesi simo, udinga futhi ukuthola indawo eyomile noma engaphansi, ngaphandle kwezikhukhula zasemhlabeni.
- Udinga ukumba indawo ekhethiwe bese ufaka i-peat kanye ne-humus emhlabathini (uma inhlabathi idla loamy, bese udinga ukwengeza isihlabathi).
- Okulandelayo udinga ukumba imbobo ngobukhulu obufanayo njengendlela yokuqala yokukhosela.
- Manje udinga ukufaka izithombo ukuze zincike kancane eningizimu. Kule nkinga, ingozi yokushisa kwelanga elishisayo izokwehla ngesilinganiso se-2-3. Bese sifafaza izimpande emhlabathini bese sinyathela phansi ngenhla.
- Ngalesi sigaba, izithombo kufanele ziphuze kahle. Ukuphuza okuningi kuzokusiza i-apula ukuba ibusika evamile.
- Emthini omncane udinga ukwandisa amagatsha we rose rose, okusajingijolo noma blackberry. Bayokwesaba ama-rodents amaningi.
- Uma entwasahlobo izinga lokushisa liqala ukuphakama, kodwa kusekhona inqwaba yeqhwa elizungeze isithombo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukususa. Uma kungenjalo, i-apula ingaba sopret.
Ukusebenzisa lezi zindlela, ungavikela izithombo zakho hhayi kuphela eziqhumeni ezibandayo zasebusika, kodwa futhi ezivela kumagundane ahlukahlukene (amagundane, hares, beavers, njll).Indawo yokuhlala yezihlahla ezindala
Isiqu semithi yama-apula kumele sigubungulwe ngezinto ezivikelayo: i-agrofibre, ukuphahlazeka, ukuzizwa, i-cellophane ifilimu, njll. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngaphansi kwesihlahla sama-apula udinga ukuthulula inqwaba yeqhwa.
Futhi uma usakabalalisa ngokwengeziwe, kuyoba ngcono ngesitshalo. Isithwathwa sisiza isimiso sesitshalo somuthi ukuthi singabhubhisi ebusika. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuphonsa ezinqabeni zeqhwa noma emabhulashi.
Uma unezihlahla ezincane ensimini, ochwepheshe batusa ukumboza umqhele wabo ngeqhwa leqhwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlahla sasihlale siqhwa, udinga kulo lonke ubusika.
Uyazi? Abantu baqala ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ze-apula zasendle esikhathini se-Neolithic. Lokhu kwaqinisekiswa ngokuthungwa kulokho okwamanje iSwitzerland, lapho bathola khona izinsalela ezitshaliwe zesitshalo.Entwasahlobo, lapho ilanga lokushisa lokuqala liwa, iqhwa lingasuswa uma lingencibiliki.
Kungcono ukuthi ungayithinti indaba owafudumala ngayo isiqu. Linda kuze kuqale ngo-Ephreli. Ngezinye izikhathi amaqhwa aqinile angafika ngisho naphakathi kwentwasahlobo, futhi lokhu kungathinta kakhulu umuthi we-apula.Indlela yokuvikela i-apple kusuka kumagundane
Abalimi abaningi bayazibuza: kanjani ukuvikela ama-saplings kusuka ezigodini? Ngezinye izikhathi amagundane aletha izinkinga eziningi, ikakhulukazi uma i-cottage yakho ehlobo engekho ehlathini noma echibini. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udinga ukuthatha izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zokuphepha, ngaphandle kwalokho izinduku zingaphazamisa amagxolo e-apple yakho, ngenxa yalokho okungafe.
Funda ngezinambuzane ezinkulu zezihlahla ze-apula.Ukuvikela izihlahla zezithelo ezivela emaqanda, amagundane, ama-beaver, njll. sebenzisa izinto zokuzivikela: amagatsha e-Cherry, amapayipi anezinyosi, okusajingijolo, i-willow noma i-hazel iziqu. Impahla yokufaka impahla ihlanganiswe nokuphahlazeka, i-burlap noma i-wire mesh. Ukuhlanganisa amahlumela amagagasi ase-base kanye ne-shtaby.
Ngemuva kweqhwa elikhulu, iqhwa eliseduze nemithi yama-apula kufanele lithathwe. Izinqwaba zeqhwa zizovimbela amagundane ekudleni amagxolo esitshalo. Ngendlela, ungathatha amagatsha ngesihlahla sase-spruce noma iphayinsi bese uwabopha esitsheni ngezinaliti phansi. Lezi zihlahla zizogwema izinhlamvu.Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukususa wonke amaqabunga awile ekwindla. Amancane amahlamvu, amantombazane amancane namantombazane oyothola ensimini. Amagundane namagundane angabuthiwa ngokufaka izinto ezinobuthi emagumbini abo. Zonke lezi zindlela zizosiza ukulwa kahle namagundane engadini yakho.
