Lupine njenge-siderat - ukuthi uzohlwanyela nini futhi nini

Abalimi abaningi, sebezame izindlela eziningi nezindlela, basabuyela ezindleleni ezindala nezifakazelwe zokubuyisa izakhiwo zomsoco womhlabathi - ngosizo lwezitshalo. I-siderat ethandwa kakhulu ngezikhathi zonke yayibhekwa njenge-lupine, manje ukuthandwa kwayo sekuqale ukwanda futhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akulethi kuphela izinzuzo ezibonakalayo esihlakaleni sengadi, kodwa futhi inokubukeka okukhazimulayo ngesikhathi sezimbali.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-lupine engadini

Kaningi, abalimi basebenzisa i-lupine yonyaka njenge siderat. Okuthandwa kakhulu ngamhlophe, aphuzi futhi acinene. Isidingo salezi zinhlobo sichazwa ukuthi banezinsizakalo zezimpande, ezingena ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-2 ezingxenyeni eziphansi zenhlabathi, kanye neqiniso lokuthi bahlome ngama-bacterule-fixing bacteria abamba i-nitrogen emoyeni bese egcwalisa inhlabathi nabo.

Ukubukeka kwamaLupins

Lapho usebenzisa umquba, izinto ezinamaminerali nezinto eziphilayo zilethwa futhi zinqwabelane enhlabathini kusuka ku-lupine. Ukuqothula kwenhlabathi kwenzeka futhi i-anaerobic microflora iyachithwa.

Kuma-lupins aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi kunama-alkaloid amaningi axosha izinambuzane futhi aqothule izinhlobo zezikhunta zesikhunta namagciwane, anciphisa i-acidity yenhlabathi, ayenze ibe hlangothi noma i-alkali kancane.

Yini inhlabathi edinga ukutshala i-lupine

Uma cishe zonke izakhamzimba zigezwa zivela enhlabathini (imvamisa lokhu kuvamile enhlabathini enesihlabathi), noma ukukhiqizwa kwezilimo ezishonile kunciphile kakhulu ngenxa yokuncipha kwenhlabathi, khona-ke kulokhu kufanele ukutshala i-lupine. Lesi sitshalo silungele umhlabathi ompofu futhi ophelile, umhlabathi ongashintshiwe kanye nesihlabathi.

Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, i-lupine ingacebisa ngezakhamzimba, i-nitrogen futhi ikhulise ukuzala kweminye inhlabathi, ukuze ukwazi ukutshala isitshalo endaweni ephephile. Kulokhu, isikhathi kufanele sikhethwe esimweni ngasinye mathupha, kuya ngokuncipha kwenhlabathi.

Yiziphi izitshalo ezikufanele ukutshala i-lupine yonyaka

Abatshali bemifino abanolwazi batusa ukutshala umquba oluhlaza we-lupine ngaphambi kokugcotshwa, izitshalo zikakolweni kanye nama-sitrobheli asendle. Futhi, lesi sitshalo siyisandulelo esihle sama-sitrobheli, ama-raspberries, ama-gooseberry, amaplamu, ama-cherries, amazambane, ukhukhamba, utamatisi kanye nopelepele. Njengomphumela walokhu, umkhiqizo ukhuphuka kaningana ngokuqhathaniswa nezinkomba ezijwayelekile.

Yehlisa acidity yenhlabathi nge lupine

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-lupine ezilungele indima yomanyolo oluhlaza

Ezinye izakhamizi zasehlobo zikhathazekile nge-lupine, njenge-siderata. Banokwesaba ukuthi ngemuva kokutshala lesi sitshalo kuzoba yinkinga ukuzala. Lo mbono kungenxa yokuthi kwabaningi lesi sitshalo sihlotshaniswa ne-lupine yonyaka noma yasendle, etholakala emikhakheni engapheli. Kulokhu, empeleni, kusakazeka ngokuzikhulula, futhi kuthathe indawo yensimbi kuzo zonke izindawo ezintsha.

Kodwa-ke, akudingekile ngokuphelele ukutshala i-perennial as siderat. Ikakhulu ngalezi zinhloso, kunezinhlobo zaminyaka yonke ezithi, ngaphandle kokuthi zisakazeka ngembewu, azibangeli izinkinga ngokucheba okufika ngesikhathi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-lupine emincane-ileved, ophuzi, omhlophe nomhlophe-okusanhlamvu.

I-lupine enamahlamvu amancane (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka)

Enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezingathobeki kakhulu. Isitshalo asidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile futhi sibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi ngisho nokubanda. Ngaphandle kwamagama, le lupine ayikwazi ukuthi iblue kuphela, kodwa futhi i-lilac, kanye ne-pink and white. Lesi sitshalo sifinyelela kubude bamamitha elilodwa nesigamu.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezixineneyo noma ezinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-lupine ezinwebekile yilezi:

• Crystal
• I-Shift.
• I-Nemchinovsky eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• I-Siderat 38.

Zibuye zikhule njengezitshalo zokudla okudlayo, kepha zithole isidingo esikhulu njengendawo emincane. Kuzo zonke lezi zinhlobo, ezivame kakhulu yiSiderat 38, eyaziwa ngokuthi ngumanyolo ophilayo, ngenxa yezinto ezihlukile ezimpandeni.

I-lupine eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njenge-siderate isetshenziswa kaningi, hhayi ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo, kepha futhi ukukhula kwayo ngokushesha, ukumelana nokubanda, ukungena okujulile kwezimpande, ukukhulula kanye nokugcwaliswa kwezendlalelo zenhlabathi ephezulu nge-nitrogen.

Lupine ophuzi (uLupinus luteus)

Isitshalo sezinhlobonhlobo siphansi, sikhula ngaphezu kwamamitha ukuphakama nge-inflorescence efana ne-spikelet yombala osawolintshi noma umbala ophuzi. Uma uyiqhathanisa ne-lupine eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iyi-thermophilic, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ekwazi ukubekezelela iqhwa ukuya ku-6 ° C. Ukuze lesi sitshalo siqhume, kubalulekile ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomoya okungenani libe ngu-12 ° C. Ngesikhathi sokutshala, ama-lupins adinga ukuniselwa ngendlela ehlelekile. Ikhula kahle kuma-sandstones naku-sandy loams.

Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zibhekwa njengejwayelekile kakhulu:

• Isihlobo.
• I-Gorodnensky.
• Torch.
• I-Siderat 892.
• Isisusa 369.

I-Lupinus luteus

I-White Lupine (i-Lupinus albus)

Iminyaka yonke ikhula ibe yimitha eyodwa futhi ithathwa njengesitshalo esiyingqayizivele. I-lupine emhlophe iyimbali enhle kakhulu, ngenxa yamaqabunga ayo avulekile kanye nezimbali ezimhlophe qhwa, zibekwe ngqo esiqwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa njengokuphakelwa kwezilwane okuhle kakhulu. Ngokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni asezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu wokugaya ukudla, i-lupine emhlophe ingcono kunezivuno ezithambile.

Vele ukusindiswa kwama-lupins kuthathwa njengenhlabathi emnyama. Induku yakhona enamandla ingena shí enhlabathini, ikhiphe ama-microelements nezakhi zomzimba lapho, igcwala inhlabathi nayo.

I-lupine siderat emhlophe, njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo, inezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• IGamma
• Desniansky.
• Degas.

Okubi kokuhlakulela i-lupine emhlophe ukuthi kuyinto emhlophe impela enhlabathini, kudinga umanyolo ohlelekile kanye nokugqoka okungaphezulu, kepha kuyamelana nesomiso kakhulu.

ILupinus albus

Lupine ngonyaka-okusanhlamvu okumhlophe

Isitshalo esingateketeki, esiphakathi nendawo futhi esinezimbali ezinamakha namaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza angagcwala izihlabathi ezinothile, ubumba nenhlabathi ethambile ngezinto nezinto ezidingekayo. Ekuphakameni, lolu hlobo lukhula lube ngamasentimitha angama-50. I-inflorescences ngombala omhlophe ngombala namathiphu aphuzi.

Ungakhula kanjani i-lupine njenge-siderate

Ngokuya kokuqukethwe kwama-alkaloid kulesi sitshalo, ama-alkaloid lupins kanye nama-alkaloid athululiwe. Umehluko wabo ulele ekutheni eyokuqala ibabayo, kanti eyokugcina imnandi, yingakho izimpande ezibabayo nezinoshukela zivame ukusetshenziswa njengamanyolo, kanti izinhlobo ezikhethekile zodwa zikhelela ukudla kwezilwane.

Ama-lups e-alkaloid ngokuvamile anconyelwa ukuthi atshalwe ekwindla noma entwasahlobo. Kepha akufanele ukwenze lokhu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi lesi sitshalo sikhula kancane bese ukhula luvele luvele. Akufanele ushiye ukutshala sekwephuze kakhulu, ngoba lesi sitshalo futhi ngeke sibekezelele isimo sezulu esibandayo. Lapho ufika, zonke lezi zici kufanele zibhekwe.

Ukuhlwanyela nini

I-lupine kufanele ihlwanyelwe ukuze ngaphambi kokuba lesi sitshalo sigunde, sinesikhathi sokuqhakaza futhi ubhontshisi uqale ukwakha phezu kwawo, ngoba kungalesi sikhathi, ngokwezincazelo, ukuthi i-siderat iqongelela inani eliphezulu lezakhi eziwusizo.

Izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo zizama ukutshala ingadi yazo ngama-lupins azungeze ingxenye yesibili kaMeyi, njengoba ngoJuni kuzobe sekephuze kakhulu ukwenza lokhu. Ngemuva kokutshala noma yiziphi izilimo, ungahlwanyela imbewu ye-lupine kuze kube maphakathi no-Agasti. Entwasahlobo, ungatshala noma yiziphi izinhlobonhlobo, kepha ngo-Agasti sekuyisikhathi sokuthatha lezo ezizokwazi ukumelana nokubanda.

Izithombo ezikhulayo

Ukumba nini

Abalimi abaningi be-novice abakhulisa i-lupine njenge-siderat abazi ukuthi kufanele bahlwanyele nokuthi basitshale nini isitshalo, ngakho-ke babhekana nezinkinga ezithile. Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, isikhathi esifanele sokutshala sithathwa maphakathi nenyanga kaMeyi nasekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.

Ngokuqondene nokufakwa kwezitshalo, kubalulekile futhi ukukwenza ngesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sizonikeza imbewu, okuzoba nzima ukuyikhiqiza kamuva, ngoba izosabalalisa kuyo yonke indawo yesakhiwo ngokuzitshala. Ukugwema lesi simo, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlanzwa kwesitshalo ngesikhathi, okusho ukuthi, ukugunda kwalo. Isikhathi esihle kunazo zonke sibhekwa njengokuqala kwezimbali, esigabeni sokuvela kwamahlumela.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle nokuthambisa kwenhlabathi okufika ngesikhathi, iLupinus ikhula ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa izinsuku ezingaba ngu-50, isikhathi esiningi cishe izinsuku ezingama-60 zidlula ngokwesilinganiso ngaphambi kwaleli phuzu.

Imithetho yokunakekelwa eyisisekelo

Ukuhamba akunzima. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi inhlabathi kufanelekile, khona-ke lesi sitshalo singazi kahle izindawo ezihluke ngokuphelele. Kufanele unake iqiniso lokuthi ngokuyisisekelo ukhula luvela ngaphambi kokuqhuma kwesitshalo, ngakho-ke kufanele lususwe ngokuhlelekile nangesikhathi.

Izimbali ezi-lupins

Ukunisela nomswakama

Uma ihlobo lingomile futhi imvula idlula masonto onke, asikho isidingo sokunisela ama-lupins. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma kushisa futhi umhlaba womile ngokuhlelekile, khona-ke lesi sitshalo kudingeka sengezwe kakhulu. Isitshalo singaniselwa sobabili ngendlela yemvula nangaphansi kwezimpande. Ukuvimbela ukubonakala kokuqhekeka komhlaba, kunconywa ukuthi unakekele i-mulch ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye.

Umanyolo nokufaka umquba

Imvamisa abalimi bazibuza ukuthi bangawondla kanjani ama-lupins akhule njengomanyolo oluhlaza. Impendulo yalo mbuzo ilula kakhulu. Njengoba izimpande zesitshalo zigcwele nitrogen, ayidingi umanyolo owengeziwe. Ukuphela kwento engenziwa ukufaka umanyolo we-potash ne-phosphorus ekwindla.

Izinkinga ezinkulu lapho kukhula i-lupine njenge-siderata

Kubukeka sengathi akukho okulula ukwedlula ukhula kulolo luhlaka, olunomuzwa omuhle kakhulu endle futhi lusakazeka ngokuzitshala. Kepha lapho kukhula lupine engadini yakho. Noma kunjalo, kungahle kube nobunzima obuthile. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yezici ezithile.

Ngaphambi kokutshala imbali, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi inhlabathi akuyona i-alkaline, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke ikhule emhlabathini onjalo. Ekuqaleni, lesi sitshalo sizongcwatshwa ukhula bese sikhula kancane, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka sisuswe. Kepha akufanele ukhathazeke ngalokhu, ngoba kungekudala kuzokhula, futhi akukho nokhula olungaphazamisa ukukhula kwalo.

Izifo nokuvinjwa kwazo

Njengazo zonke izitshalo, i-lupine isengozini yezifo ezithile. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:

• Rot - isifo singanciphisa isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo kusuka ku-17 kuye ku-50%. Izimpande ezibolile nama-cotyledons afakazela ukukhula kwalesi sifo. Isikhunta seFusarium singavusa lesi sifo. Ukusetshenziswa kwangaphambi komanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium kanye nokugqoka kwembewu kungavimba inkinga.

I-anthracnose ku-lupine

• I-Anthracnose - kuholela ekubhujisweni kwezitshalo kuze kube ngamaphesenti angama-70. Ukuthuthuka kwalesi sifo kuboniswa ngokuvela kwamabala ansundu noma owolintshi kuma-cotyledons, athi kamuva aqale ukusabalala eduze kwesiqu esikhulu.
• I-Sentoriosis - amabala we-languid brown or palee hue aqala ukubonakala emaqabungeni e-lupine.

Lesi sitshalo singabuye sivezwe izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane, njengokubona kwamagciwane kanye ne-mosaic.

Izilokazane ezivame ukwenzeka

ILupine ithathwa njengesitshalo esiqinile, kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, ngesikhathi sokutshala kwayo, kungavela izinkinga ezithile ezihambisana nezinambuzane nezifo. Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ama-aphid kanye nezibungu zegciwane kundiza. Ama-aphid kuvame ukuvela ngesikhathi lapho ama-buds eboshwe esihlahleni. Izibungu zegciwane zindizela kamuva lapho kuvela amagciwane okuqala. Ungaqeda lezozinkinga ngokwelapha ngama-insecticides.

Ama-aphid kwi-Lupine

Ezinye izinkinga nekhambi lazo

Imvamisa abalimi babhekana nenkinga efana nokukhula kancane kwesitshalo. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi okungafanele kungakucasule. Ukuze ungafaki lokhu kungenzeka, kubalulekile ukuthi ubheke umhlabathi ukuthi ungakanani i-acidity ngaphambi kokutshala. Uma ukutholwa kwe-alkaline kutholakala emhlabathini, imbali ngeke ikhule.

Abalimi bavame ukusebenzisa i-lupins njenge-siderata ukukhulisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi. Lesi sitshalo sithathwa njengewusizo futhi sisiza ukuthuthukisa isimo sezinto eziphilayo zenhlabathi nokukhiqiza kwayo. Kulokhu, into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukukhetha izinhlobo zezitshalo ezifanele futhi uzikhulise usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-lupine self-seeding izogcwalisa yonke indawo futhi ingalethi umphumela olindelekile.