Iyini i-nectarine nokuthi ingawukhula kanjani

I-nectarine yisithelo esingavamile kakhulu futhi esimangalisayo. Kuthandwa emazweni amaningi. I-Prized for ukunambitheka yayo enkulu kanye nezakhiwo zayo ezizuzisayo. Kulesi sihloko uzofunda ukuthi iyiphi i-nectarine, yimuphi incazelo kulezi zithelo kanye nokuthi ungayikhula kanjani endlini yakho yezwe.

I-nectarine i-hybrid ye-peach kanye ...

Ekubukeni, i-nectarine ibonakala njengephizi elivamile, kuphela isikhumba kuso bushelelezingaphandle kokulala. Ngakho-ke, izithelo zawo zibizwa ngokuthi izithelo ezingenalutho. Lesi sihlahla sesithelo sivela eChina, lapho sesikhulile iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2 000, futhi siswe eYurophu kuphela ngekhulu lama-20. Kukhona inguqulo yokuthi i-nectarine iyinhlanganisela ye-peach kanye ne-plum, kodwa le mbono ayiphutha. Ochwepheshe bathi lesi sithelo sitholakala ngendlela yokuguquguquka okuvamile kwamapayipi ngesikhathi sokuzulazula. I-peach kanye ne-nectarine zifana kakhulu nakumakhemikhali abo kanye nezici eziphilayo.

I-Peach inhle kakhulu kunokujwayelekile futhi iyabonwa ukudla okwengeziwe. I-Vitamin A, i-phosphorus, insimbi, i-potassium iqukethe okuningi. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zingaba ophuzi ophuzi, ophuzi obomvu, obomvu obomvu noma i-cherry. I-pulp yayo inzima kune-peach evamile.

Isihlahla se-nectarine singafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-4 kuya ku-7, kanti umqhele u-3-4 m ububanzi. Amaqabunga afakwa emaphethelweni. Izimbali zibomvu futhi ziyaqhakaza ngaphambi kwamaqabunga.

Uyazi? I-nectarine ingokomndeni waseRosaceae, ngakho-ke yisihlobo esiseduze se-almond.

Indlela yokukhetha izithombo zokutshala

Kudingeka khetha izithombo ze-nectarine ezifanele, njengoba kuyisimo esibalulekile sokulima okuphumelelayo ku-dacha yakhe:

1. Kudingeka ukuthenga izithombo endaweni yokugcina impahla noma okukhethekile. Futhi kudingeka ucele ukuthi zivelaphi nokuthi zingakwazi yini ukuvumelanisa nesimo sezulu sendawo.
2. Izinto zokutshala kufanele zibe nezitshalo eziqinile nezimpande.
3. Amagxolo akufanele awonakele.
4. Ukuhlangana kwesitokisi nge-scion kufanele kube bushelelezi, ngaphandle kokukhula nokugeleza, futhi ijusi yemifino kufanele lingabiwe.
5. Izimpande kumele ziqiniseke futhi zibe nombala omhlophe onempilo ekusikeni;
6. Ubudala bezithombo akufanele kudlule iminyaka engu-1-2. Abantu abadala bathatha izimpande ezimbi kakhulu.

Ukufika

Ukutshala i-nectarine akuwona umsebenzi onzima. Udinga ukukhetha indawo efanele yokukhula nokulungisa kahle imbobo yokutshala.

Izimo zokukhula (ukukhetha indawo)

I-nectarine ithanda ukushisa nokukhanya. Akudingekile kakhulu emhlabathini, kodwa ikhula kahle kakhulu emanzini ajulile futhi ahlanzekile. Izindawo ezingcono kakhulu zokutshala lesi sithelo yizihlabathi ezinesihlabathi kanye ne-loam. Inhlabathi enjalo imile kakhulu, kepha ayikwazi ukugcoba ngaphezulu. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwempande lomuthi.

Lapho ukhetha indawo okudingeka uyihlole:

• esakhiweni akufanele siqhube umoya obandayo;
• indawo akufanele ibe yindodana;
• amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele abe ngaphansi kwe-1.5 m;
• kungcono ukhethe indawo eningizimu-ntshonalanga noma ngaseningizimu kwesayithi.

Kubalulekile! Ibanga eliphakathi kwe-nectarine nezinye izimila zezitshalo kumele zibe ngaphezu kuka 3-3.5 m.

Ukulungiselela ukuhamba ngomgodi

Umgodi wokutshala lesi sihlahla kumele uhlolwe ngobukhulu be-0.7 nge-0.7 m. Bese uthele u-10 kg wamanyolo, 150 g we-superphosphate kuwo futhi uhlanganise nomhlabathi. Yenza imithi ephansi emgodini.

I-patterning yokuhamba

Qaphela iziqondiso ezilandelayo zokutshala isitsha:

1. Esigodini, ubeke ngokucophelela umuthi uphinde usakaze izimpande.
2. Indawo yokugoma kufanele ibe yi-3-5 cm ngaphezu kwemiphetho yomgodi.
3. Ungasetha inani bese ubopha isihlahla kuso.
4. Bese ugcwalisa umgodi wokutshala nenhlanganisela yenhlabathi bese ugawula inhlabathi kancane.
5. Emaphethelweni emgodi, kuyadingeka ukwenza i-roller yebumba ukuze kube lula ukwenza amanzi
6. Ukukhululeka ngamanzi ngokusebenzisa okungenani amabhakede amabili amanzi ngayinye.
7. Kungenzeka ukuba umquba umjikelezo wesihlahla somuthi.

Uyazi? Ngokungafani nezinye izithelo eziningi, i-nectarine igcina zonke izakhiwo ezizuzisayo zokwelapha ezihlukahlukene, ngisho nangokwesikhwama.

Indlela yokukhulisa i-nectarine

Ukuze uthole izithelo ezinhle udinga ukunakekelwa okusezingeni nectarine. Imisebenzi enjalo ayihluke kakhulu kulawo okudingekayo kanye nezinye izihlahla zezithelo.

Ukunisela

Namanzi isidingo sidinga okungenani Izikhathi ezintathu ehlobo (kuncike ezimweni zesimo sezulu), usebenzisa okungenani amabhakede amabili amanzi.

I-hybrid yokugqoka ephezulu

Entwasahlobo kuyadingeka ukuthi uphese isihlahla ngesixazululo esingu-7% se-urea. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-nectarine izothola i-nitrogen edingekayo ekukhuleni, futhi izoba njengendlela yokuvimbela izinambuzane eziye zanyuka emanzini. Ngaphambi kokuba ubambe lesi senzakalo, kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi izinso azikaze zancipha. Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-urea, bangashisa.

Uma uphefisa kakhulu, ungafaka imifino. Bamba umhlaba nxazonke zomuthi bese wengeza i-ammonium nitrate (70 g) ne-urea (60 g) ngamitha yendawo ngayinye.

Uma izithelo zakhiwa, i-nectarine ihlanjululwa ngesisombululo sezimila eziyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi esiteji sezithelo zokuvuthwa sebenzisa isisombululo sosawoti we-potassium.

Ekubeni, kufanelekile ukumba umjikelezo we-trunk bese ufaka imitha elilodwa lesigcawu se-superphosphate (40 g) ne-calcium chloride (50 g).

Izitshalo ezibekwe emhlabathini uma ukutshala kufanele kube ngokwanele esihlahleni iminyaka engu-6.

Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele

Umqhele udinga ukubunjwa kwisitsha. Leli fomu linika amandla namagatsha ukufinyelela ekukhanyeni. Umgqomo kufanele ube ngu-70 cm ubude. Yakha umzila owodwa ngamagatsha angu-4 asemqoka avela esiqwini ngecala lika-50 °. Ngamunye wabo makushiye amagatsha amathathu omzimba. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa isiteji ukuze ukuphakama kwalo kufane nobude be-trunk kanye nezindawo zokugaya. Amagatsha anqunywe konke: phansi-kufika ku-10 cm, phezulu-kufika ku-30. Khona-ke kusukela emahlumela okukhulayo uphonsa okunamandla kunabo bonke, futhi konke okushiwo kususwe.

Vula unyaka wesibili uthathe ngaphesheya kwegatsha langaphandle. Susa amahlumela angaphezulu. Ehlobo, amagatsha aqoshiwe akhula ngaphakathi kanye nabuthakathaka. Vula unyaka wesithathu amagatsha aqondile aqinile nalabo abathandekayo umqhele. Futhi ubeke amagatsha emasipha omyalelo wesibili futhi ususe amahlumela asheshe ahlanganiswe.

Kubalulekile! Ukuze amagatsha angadluli ngaphezulu kwezithelo, ukucwiliswa kwezimila ezikhiqizayo kuqhutshwa, kusale izithelo eziyisihlanu kuhlanganiswa olulodwa. Lokhu kudinga kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka.

Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi

Inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla kumele ihlanganiswe minyaka yonke ngomquba noma i-humus. Kumele futhi uhlele ngokukhululekile futhi ukhululeke kokhula.

Ukuzala

I-nectarine ingasakazwa ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. Amatshe amathambo. Izithelo ezithathwe amathambo kumele zibe zinkulu, zivuthiwe, noma zibe ngaphezulu kakhulu. Ngokukhiqiza okunjalo kunezinzuzo zombili nezimo ezingalungile. Ukuthola izithombo zezithombo kunezinga eliphansi lokuhluma. Futhi izithelo ngokuvamile ziyingcosana. Kodwa izihlahla ezinjalo zibekezelela amaqhwa futhi zikhule isikhathi eside. Tshala ithambo emhlabathini, elizoba yindawo ehlala njalo yokukhula kwesihlahla. Ukutshala isayithi kufakwe umquba noma i-humus. Izitshalo ezikhulayo ngale ndlela zidinga ukuchelela.
2. Inoculation. Kungcono ukugaya ama-nectarine ngezimpande ze-peach, i-almond, i-apricot noma iplamu ngokuhluma. Inzuzo yale ndlela yukuthi isitshalo siyoba nazo zonke izici zezinhlobo zomama. Ukusika izidingo kufanele kuthathwe emithini encane ebusika-eqinile eveza izithelo kahle.

Izifo nezinambuzane zomuthi

Izifo eziyinhloko ze-nectarine zihlanganisa: i-powdery isikhutha, kanye ne-curl leaf kanye nokuqhakaza. Ukulwa nabo kahle nge-fungicides.

Ukwelapha izinkuni ezivela ku-phytosteriasis kwenziwa izikhathi ezintathu:

1. Ngesikhathi ukuvuvukala kwezinso kusetshenziswa ithusi le-oxychloride.
2. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza - "Topsin-M".
3. Ngemuva kwezimbali, sebenzisa umuthi ofanayo.

Umkhuhlane we-Powdery ukusika amagatsha awonakele. Ngemuva kwezimbali, zelashwa nge-fungicides.

Ukulwa nezifo zefungal kungaba usizo ngezidakamizwa "Vectra", "Skor", "Horus".

Izinambuzane zezihlahla yizinundu, i-scythe, ama-aphid, amabhu kanye nezibungu. Ukulwa nabo basebenzisa izinambuzane ezilandelayo: "Aktellik", "Karbofos", "Inta-vir", "Aktara".

Ngokunakekelwa kahle nokutshala i-nectarine, kuyokujabulisa ngezithelo ezinomsoco futhi ezihlwabusayo.