Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zama-apula eYurophu ibanga u-Elena.
Izinhlobonhlobo uHelen akuyona into ekhulayo ekukhuleni futhi inezici ezinhle zezithelo.
Wathola udumo olukhulu ngokubonga izithelo zakhe.
Izithelo eziluhlaza zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zizohlobisa umuthi ohlosiwe kahle futhi zikunike ukunambitheka okungenakulibaleka nephunga elimnandi. Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe kulesi sihloko.
Uhlobo luni?
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kubhekisela kuze kube sekuqaleni kwehlobo ama-apula.
Lesi sici sisivumela ukuba sicabange ama-apula alezi ezihlukahlukene phakathi nama-apula ehlobo lokuqala.
Wabo i-fructification yasekuqaleni - isici esizolinganisela isikhathi sokuvuna.
Ama-apula we-grade Elena enomnandi kakhulu futhi enomnandingenxa yobuningi bezakhi zomzimba zigcine zihluleka isikhathi eside.
KUBALULEKILE: Ungalondolozi ama-apula emasakeni epulasitiki. I-Air ayifinyelele kubo, futhi ngesikhathi sokugcina umswakama wokugcina isitoreji, okufaka isandla kwinqubo yokubola.
Okukhulu impilo yamashalofu - izinyanga ezimbili, izimo ezikhululekile kakhulu zizogcinwa endaweni emnyama, ebanda.
Izinhlobo zasehlobo zihlanganisa uMelba, iGorno-Altai, Gornist, Malinovka, Apple Spas, uBely Naliv, uYandykovskoe, Yubilyar, Terentyevka, Silver Hoof, uSoltstsedar, Yuzhny, uJuly Chernenko, uKvinti, Korobovka, Chudnoe.
Ukuvota
Ama-apula alezi zihlukahlukene aphakathi kwezinhlobo zama-apula impova yizinambuzane.
Lapho i-apula yezimbali ziphuma iphunga elimnandi kakhulu okuheha izinambuzane. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ukwanda kwempova lokhu okuhlukahlukene.
Incazelo izinhlobo Elena
Izinhlobo ze-apula zika-Elena zifana nokuhlelwa kwabanye, kodwa nazo zinemininingwane eminingi.
Imithi yalezi ezihlukahlukene hhayi omude finyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama.
Yenza umqhele ukuma kwe-pyramidal, ukuphakama okuphakathiiphakanyiswe kancane.
Ihlumela i-sredneopushennye, uhlaza omnyama omnyama. Amaqabunga ahlanganisa wonke umuthi we-apula.
Ziyi-oval shape, inikwe amandla, iluhlaza.
Ipuleti leshidi ligobile ngaphakathi, ngezinhlamvu eziqondiswe phezulu kuya emaphethelweni wekhasi.
Izithelo zalezi zihlukahlukene elibomvu elihle, elingajwayelekile - oluhlaza. Apple - ubukhulu obuphakathi (cishe amagremu angu-150) ngekhanda elibushelelezi.
Ukuma kwesithelo kuyindilinga, i-saucer ibizwa. Umgodi awujulile, ngokuvamile uvame ukuluhlaza.
Inyama yama-apula wezinhlobonhlobo zeHelen ayinamafutha, aqinile, anombala omhlophe ngezimpawu ezibomvu. Ama-apula alezi zihlukahlukene ahlelwe kahle, nge ukunambitheka okumnandi okumuncu nomnandi okomnandi.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Lezi zihlukahlukene zatholakala eBelarus ezindongeni I-Belarusian Research Institute Yokulima ngonyaka wezi-2000. Wakhishwa ngabalimi baseBelarus njengalokho E.V. Semashko, Z.A. Kozlovsky, G.M. I-Marudo
Ukuwela kwaqhutshwa ngendlela yabososayensi baseRussia.
Ukufakelwa kwezidakamizwa kwenzeka ngezizathu zezinhlobonhlobo. Ukutholwa Nokunciphisa Okuqala.
Ngoba umuthi womama uthathwe ibanga Ngaphambili okumnandi, ngoba isipiliyoni sasikhethiwe izihlahla ezineminyaka okungenani eyishumi.
Ngemuva kokuvuthwa kokuqala okuphumelelayo, impova yokuphindaphinda yayithathwe ezihlahleni eziyi-10 zokuhlola.
Ukuvota kwamanzi okuphumelelayo nakho kwaphumelela, futhi abalimi bakwazi ukuthola imbewu yokutshala izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-hybrid.
Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu yahlanjululwa, kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezine.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-hybride kwenzeka ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu, ukunakekelwa kwakhe kwenziwa ngenqubo yomqeqeshi.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo kwezinto ezihlukahlukene u-Elena insimu yaseBelarus. Ngokuqondile isimo sezulu sezulukazi esilungile siyindawo ekahle yokukhula lezi ezihlukahlukene zama-apula.
Hlunga u-Elena akwanele ebusika-ukumelanaokuyinto eyenza ukuthi ijwayele ukujwayela izifunda ezinamazinga aphansi okushisa.
Lapho ujwayela ezindaweni ezibandayo, umanyolo udinga ukuthuthukiswa komuthi.
Umhlaba ukhululeka, nangenxa yezimbali eziphumelelayo ze-apula okudingeka uqoqe isitoreji esithile izakhi emthonjeni.
Ngakho-ke, ukukhula okuphumelelayo kwalolu hlobo kudingeka udle izihlahla ze-apula entwasahlobo.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe kahle izinhlobo ze-apula zikaHelen ezimweni ezishisayo nezomile, kudinga ukuchelela okuningi.
Kusukela emhlabathini owomile, umuthi ngeke ukwazi ukuthola izakhi kanye nezamaminerali ezidingekayo, ngenxa yokuthi izimbali eziphumelelayo nezivunguvungu zesithelo zizodlula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuthela
Umkhiqizo walezi ezihlukahlukene uphezulu kakhulu. - amathani angama-25 ukusuka ku-1 hektare. Isihlahla siqala ukuthela izithelo 2-3 emva kokufika. Izithelo ezilinganiselwe enesisindo esingama-150 g
Isikhathi se-fruiting siwela ekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Izinhlobo ze-apruiting ze-apple zikaHelen - Kanye ngonyaka. Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zinomsoco futhi zinomsoco, ngenxa yalezi zimfanelo zihlala zimbi.
Imikhiqizo ephezulu iyinhlobo ehlukene: Welsey, Stroyevskoye, Sokolovskoye, Sunny, Ural amaningi, Phoenix Altai, Uralets, Lobo, Indodakazi kaPepinchik, Kuibyshev, Lyubava, Antey, Korey, Kovrovoe, Uslada, Isetskoe kamuva, Imrus, Amazing, Rossoshansk.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ukutshala nokunakekela okufanele kudla indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo kwe-apula.
Izinhlobonhlobo uHelen akazithobeki endaweni yokukhula. Kodwa okwakungcono kakhulu ukutshala i-apula endaweni evulekile, enelanga.
KUBALULEKILE: Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwama-apula kungahlanganiswa namanye ama-apula. Ngenxa yephunga layo elimnandi phakathi nenkathi yezimbali, i-apula izodonsela izinambuzane eziningi.
Ngaphambi kokuphuma, kudingeka wenze uchungechunge lwamalungiselelo. Isonto ngaphambi kokufika, kubalulekile ukulungisa indawo, ukumba imbobo angabi ngaphezu kuka-90 cm ejulile futhi ayihlwanyele.
Kwaphela isonto, umhlabathi emgodini uzofinyelela ekushiseni okungcono kakhulu kwenzalo. Ukutshala endaweni evulekile yezihlahla kufanele kwenziwe kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.
Kodwa kuphela uma isinamishi esinezimpande ezivaliwe.
Ngokuba izithombo ezinezimpande ezivulekile isikhathi sokufika esiphezulu sizoba sewa (kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba).
Ukuze uthole izivuno ezinhle, izihlahla ze-apula kufanele zenziwe ukunakekelwa okuphelele. Kumele kuqale kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo bese uqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla.
Ukunakekelwa okufanele ngoba izinhlobo ze-apula ze-helen zihlanganisa ukulandelana okuthile kwezenzo:
- Njalo ukunakekelwa kwentwasahlobo kumele kuqale ngokuhlolwa kwesihlahla.
- Uma izilonda zitholakala esihlahleni, kumele ziphulukiswe.
- Njalo kudingeka udule amagatsha owomile futhi awonakele.
- Umhlabathi ozungeza umuthi kufanele unikezwe ukuphefumula, kufanele ukhululeke futhi uhlanzwa ukhula.
- Njengoba usongelwa ukuhlasela, i-apula kumele ifakwe kusuka ezinambuzane.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobo ze-Apple zikaHelen okungajwayelekile kodwa uma kuphakama inkinga, kufanele ilashwe.
Ukulwa nezifo ze-fungal ezifana: isikhumba, i-luster enamandla, i-powdery isikhutha.
Ihlanganisa isethi yezinyathelo:
- Ekwindla kubalulekile ukushisa wonke amaqabunga awonakele.
- Amahlumela namagatsha abathintekayo yi-powdery isikhutha kumele asuswe.
- Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokubukeka kwamaqabunga, kuyadingeka ukuba uphese isihlahla ngesisombululo se-urea.
- Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, umuthi kufanele uphathwe nge-soda calcined nesepha.
Izifo zamagatsha nomdlavuza wezimpande kumele zilwe kanje:
- Ukubhujiswa kwezihlahla ezinokukhula okukhulu empandeni.
- Ukuze izihlahla ezinomonakalo omncane, ukukhula nokucwiliswa.
- Ukukhulelwa kwenhlabathi okuphoqelelwe ngamanyolo we-potash ne-phosphate.
Nge i-cytosporosis kuyadingeka ukuba unqume amagatsha awonakele, futhi ngemuva kwalokho uphilise indawo engathintekile.
Izinambuzane eziyinhloko zezihlahla ze-apula ziyi-hawthorn, i-codling moth, i-aphid eluhlaza.
Thatha izinyathelo:
Ekulweni nokulwa ama-apidi aluhlaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kubalulekile ukuphambanisa isihlahla se-Bordeaux liquid.
Ngokukhiqizwa okusebenzayo kwama-aphid, isisombululo se-karbofos sizosiza, noma indlela ethandwayo efana ne-decoction ye-dandelion noma umhlonyane.
Ekulweni ne-hawthorn, kubalulekile ukususa izidleke zayo. Futhi ngesikhathi sokusungula izibungu, fafaza umuthi we-apula nge-atellik.
Ukulwa i-moth yekhowudi kufaka lonke uhlu lwezinyathelo.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlanza i-ovary ewonakele. Isinyathelo esilandelayo sizoba ukubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala (ukususwa kwegxolo elidala). Ngemuva kwalokho, kubalulekile ukupakisha isihlahla nge-Enterobacterin.
Ukubamba iqhaza, singasho ukuthi izihlahla zikaHelen ezifake izihlahla azifanelekile ukutshala izimboni. Okokuqala, lokhu kubangelwa ukuphila okufakwe emashalofini omfisha wezithelo ezivuthiwe.
Futhi ngokukhula emapulazini ezindlini kufanelekile cishe noma yimuphi umkhakha, futhi kuyokujabulisa nakanjani konke ukungazitholi kwawo, ngezithelo zokuqala.
Buka ividiyo mayelana ne-apple ye-Helena ehlukahlukene.
