Imfuyo yezinkomo iningi, futhi kunzima ukuthola phakathi kwazo ezifanele zonke izici kuwe. Ukuxazulula umsebenzi onzima kangaka kancane kancane, uma ufunde ngokuningiliziwe incazelo yezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu.
Yilesi sigaba esithandwa kakhulu esihlanganisa izinkomo zohlobo lwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zama-white-headed Kazakh. Bayaziwa ensimini ye-USSR yangaphambili isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke bakwazi ukuwina idumela elihle.
Uhlobo lunezici zalo siqu hhayi ngaphandle kwangaphandle, kodwa futhi naseziciweni zokugcina nokuzalana, kungamangala kakhulu ngezici zokukhiqiza.
Kodwa, ukuze singahlakazeka ngemishwana evamile, ake siphendule incazelo eningiliziwe yalezi zinkomo.
Iyiphi inzalo ephawulekayo yezinkomo ezimhlophe zaseKazakh?
Ukujwayela ngokuzalwa kufanele kuqale emlandweni omfushane wemvelaphi yawo. Kwakhiwa yiboshi beSoviet. Izinhlobo ezinjengezinkomo ezidumile ezifana ne-Hereford nezinkomo kanye nabameleli bezinkomo zendawo - izinhlobo zesiKazakh kanye neKalmyk zisetshenziswe njengezinto ezifuywayo zofuzo.
Kusukela kohlobo lokuqala lwabalimi abakhishekayo abamhlophe baseKazakh bafuna ukuveza izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza inyama kanye nokuqapha, nokunye okunye - ukukhuthazela kwabo, ukuvumelanisa nokuqukethwe ezindaweni ezivulekile kanye nomthethosisekelo womzimba oqinile.
Umphumela wanciphisa kakhulu izilindelo, ngoba ekusebenzeni kwawo lolu hlobo olusha lude kakhulu nezihlobo zalo zofuzo.
Iyini inzalo eyinhloko yohlobo oluchazwe namuhla?
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lapho echaza izinkomo ezimhlophe zaseKazakh zivame ukubheka ukukhiqiza inyama, eqinisweni, kunezinhlobo ezihlangene zalolu hlobo.
Kodwa okokuqala, ekuthuthukiseni izimfanelo ezikhiqizayo zezinkomo, okuyinhloko uhlobo lwenyama yokuqondisaUkwakhiwa okwenzeke kanje:
- isikhathi eside kakhulu, izinkomo zazigcinwa emadlelweni avulekile; zavunyelwa ukungena emagcekeni ebusika;
- ngesikhathi sebusika esakhiweni, izinkomo zondla ngokuphela kwe-roughage, besebenzisa i-silage kanye nokugxila okuhlukahlukene;
- ukukhuliswa kwenziwa yindlela yokuncelisa (okungukuthi, ngemuva kokukhipha, izinkabi azange zisatshalwe, ukugcizelela okuyinhloko kwafakwa ekukhuleni kwamathole);
- ukuzala kuphela izici zenyama.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe uhlobo lwesibili lwesintu - inyama nobisi, ukukhethwa kwezilwane kwakungenzelwe kuphela izici zenyama, kodwa futhi nokwenza ubisi (ukugcizelelwa okhethekile kufakwe okuqukethwe kwamanoni ubisi).
Esikhathini esithile ngemva kokuqhafaza, amathole asuswa kumama futhi aphuza emabhodleleni. Ukwenza kangcono izinkomo, zanikezwa imali enkulu engagcini nje kuphela, kepha futhi ukudla okunomsoco njengokudla.
Incazelo efana nendlela yokuzalisa uhlobo oluthile lokusebenza kwezinkomo kuholwa thina hhayi nje ukukujwayela ngomlando wohlobo.
Sincoma ukuthi usebenzise zonke izici ezingenhla zokugcina nokulondla izilwane emapulazini akho, okuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole imikhiqizo eminye evela ezifuyweni.
Incazelo yezici zangaphandle zezinkomo ezimhlophe zaseKazakh
Ngaphandle, akulula ukubona lezi zinkomo, ikakhulukazi ngoba isicaciso sisegama lohlobo. Mayelana nalezi zilwane singasho ukuthi umbala wabo uboniswe cishe kuwo wonke ama-shades obomvu. Kodwa lapha inhloko yenkomo, ingaphansi yayo, kanye nengxenye ephansi yesisu nemilenze inombala omhlophe. White futhi umsila wabo umsila.
Isimo sezinkomo ezimhlophe ezimhlophe zaseKazakh sinezinhlobo zokudla, ngisho noma inkomo ingase ibe yohlu lwenyama kanye nobisi.
Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwemisipha, umzimba uhloselwe umgqomo. Ukudliwa kwezilwane kunesisindo kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuya phambili kakhulu (lokhu kuyisici esithile ikakhulukazi sezinkunzi).
Kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkomo zaseKalmyk naseKazakh, lolu hlobo lwadluliswa imilenze emifushane. Kodwa-ke, lesi sici kunoma yiliphi icala asikwazi ukubhekwa njengengozi, ngoba imilenze ephakeme kunzima kakhulu izilwane ukuba zithwale isisindo sabo esihlaba umxhwele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisipha emilenzeni iphinde ithuthukiswe kahle, okwenza ibe namandla futhi igxile.
Ukunaka okukhethekile kufanele kuhokhwe esikhumbeni salesi sizwe. Unesisindo esikhulu, esikuvumela ukuba uzuze kalula futhi ulahlekelwe isisindo izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka. Izicubu ezincane zithuthukile kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho ukuqoqwa okukhulu kwezicubu ze-adipose.
Ngokuyinhloko, ngesisindo sesisindo semfuyo esele siphelile singama-295 kilogram, inani lamandla angaphakathi liyi-35.6 kilogram. Kodwa, ukuthwala umkhuhlane walesi sizwe akusizi nje kuphela amafutha anqwabelene, kodwa nezici zoboya bazo obuhlukile.
Ehlobo, kufana neyezinkomo eziningi zobisi: okuncane kakhulu, okubushelelezi, okukhazimulayo. Kodwa ngesikhathi sasebusika, izinkomo zithola inqwaba ende kakhulu futhi ebanzi, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi ingahle ikwazi ukupheka.
Njengenkomo yenkomo, izinkomo ezimhlophe zaseKazakh zinamanani amakhulu kakhulu:
- lapho kubonakala, ukuphakama kwezilwane kungahle kube ngamasentimitha angu-125 kuya ku-130, okuzoxhomeke kakhulu ekuhloleni kwabo;
- Ukujula kwesifuba kungama-68-70 amentimitha;
- Izilinganiso zobubanzi besifuba ngemuva kwamahlombe amahlombe zingama-43-45 amasentimitha;
- ibhande lika-chest inani lingama-187-190 amasentimitha;
- ubude be-trunk buxhomeke ebulili besilwane futhi buyahlukahluka ngamasentimitha angu-150 kuya kwangu-155;
- i-metacarpus ebhodini ifinyelela ku-18-20 amasentimitha.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nezinkomo ezinamafutha.
Izindlela ezinhle zokuzalwa kwezinkomo ezimhlophe zaseKazakh zingaziqhayisa
Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokuzalanisa nokugcinwa kwalezi zinkabi. Akumangalisi ukuthi kakhulu esetshenziswa kabanzi emafamulapho kunzima ukubona khona umuntu ngamunye futhi lapho kungenzeka khona ukugcina izilwane ezindaweni zokufuya kubhekwa njengenzuzo enkulu.
Inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu kokuqukethwe yikhono loku ukusebenzisa uhlobo olubanzi lwe-fatteningokusho ngokuphelele ukuthi akukho izindleko zokudla.
Into kuphela okudingeka yenziwe ukuhlinzeka izilwane ngezindawo ezinkulu zokudla, ngesisekelo esihle sokudla. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinkomo ezimhlophe zaseKazakh zinezici ezidingekayo, ezidalulwe kulezi zilandelayo izinhlobo zokubeletha:
- Ukunciphisa izilwane ukudla.
Ukuba nekhodi yayo yezofuzo ukuzalwa kwezinkomo zasendle ezihamba phambili, lolu hlobo luvame ukudla ukudla okungatholakala ngokuzimela nangempela ngaphansi kwezinyawo zabo.
Uhlelo lwezinyosi lwezinkomo ezimhlophe zaseKazakh lucubungula kahle futhi luthinta utshani obukhulu kakhulu, okuvumela izilwane ukuba zithole ngokushesha isisindo sokuphila.
Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ukugcinwa kohlobo, ngoba ngisho nasebusika, akudingekile ukuphazamisa ngalokho okumele ukondle izilwane.
- Ukubekezelelana okuhle kokubili okushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi.
Isikhumba esinamandla kakhulu nokukwazi ukukhula "izinwele zezinwele" zasebusika kunomthelela ekushintsheni okuhle kwezilwane.
Futhi, ebusika ngokuvamile baqoqa inani elikhulu lamathambo amafutha, okuvumela ukuba balondoloze izinga lokushisa lomzimba oluzinzile.
Ehlobo, isisindo sabo siyancishiswa, uboya bube bufushane, okwenza kube lula ukukhuthazelela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukungabi nomswakama.
- Ukukhula okukhulu kakhulu kwezilwane ezincane.
Izinkukhu ezikhulile ezincane ezinyangeni ezingu-8 zilinganisa okungenani ama-kilogramgram angu-210, kanti ubukhulu bezinkunzi bufinyelela kalula ngamakhilogremu angu-250.
Ngenkathi yeminyaka eyodwa nesigamu (futhi kaningi ngaphambili), izilwane zifinyelela kalula isisindo sika 450-470 kilogram. Lokhu kuhlinzekwa kakhulu ngokudla okwesikhathi eside nobisi lomama, okuhlinzeka umzimba wezinkomane ezinezici ezibalulekile kakhulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanayo kokudla okuvamile.
Inzuzo ejwayelekile yansuku zonke yohlobo ivela ku-1 kuya ku-1.5 kilogram, kuyilapho izindleko zinezimboni eziyisithupha zokudla kuphela. Ukuningi kakhulu kokuthola inkunzi yesisindo.
- Izici eziphezulu zekhwalithi yenyama yezinkomo.
Inkabi etholakala emzalweni omhlophe waseKazakh ihluke kakhulu kumshukela ophezulu kakhulu. Futhi, lezi zilwane zibhekwa ngokufakwa kwamafutha, hhayi kuphela ngaphansi kwesikhumba, kodwa futhi phakathi kwemisipha yomzimba wonke.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukusika inyama kuthola iphethini le-marble, okuyinto yenkomo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-marble.
Futhi, ngenxa yezingqimba ze-muscle, inyama enomthelela ophezulu we-fat and ukunambitheka okuhle, futhi isilwane ebusika asifaki futhi asifi ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla.
- Ukunciphisa izilwane zohlobo oluchazwe kuhle kakhulu.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimo zezulu ezenzekayo kulezi zinkomo yindawo yaseKazakhstan, lapho kusihlwa izinga lokushisa lomoya lingakhuphuka ngaphezu kwe-50ºС, futhi ebusuku, ngisho nasehlobo, yehla ezinkomba ezincane.
Ngakho-ke, izilwane zingazivumelanisa nezifunda zombili ezisenyakatho naseningizimu.
- Ikhono lokusebenzisa izikhumba ekukhiqizeni isikhumba semfanelo ephakeme kakhulu.
Abameleli besikhumba sikhukhula baningi kakhulu, kanti ubukhulu obuphakathi kwendwangu kabili kungaba ngamamitha ayi-11.5.
Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise kuso ukucubungula kakhulu, ukukhiqiza ngisho nemikhiqizo ekhethekile enexabiso eliphezulu.
Yiziphi izici zalolu hlobo ezingahle zibhekiswe ekungalungeni kwayo?
Ngokwezibalo zabalimi abanolwazi, umfuyo wezinkomo ezimhlophe waseKazakh unomthelela omkhulu wokubhekwa njengento encane, engavumeli uhlanga ukuthi luveze ngokugcwele amandla awo.
Yiqiniso, ngalezi zinkomba lezi zinkabi ibhekisela kwenye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu, kodwa ngokungangabazeki, nge-shape ehlukene ye-skeleton, umzimba womzimba wawuyoba mkhulu.
Izinkinga zabaningi zifaka phakathi ukunakekela ngokweqile izinkomo ngenzalo yabo.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokukhipha, inkomo ingabonisa ukuhlukumezeka kumuntu, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba ungangenile nhlobo kule nqubo uma kungekho isidingo sangempela salo.
Hlukanisa izici zomkhiqizo wabamele bohlobo.
Ngaphandle komzamo owengeziwe, lezi zilwane esikhathini esifushane kakhulu. uyakwazi ukuthola umlando wesisindo nje. Ngokuyinhloko, isisindo samadoda amadala angasuka ku-540 kuya ku-580 kilogram, nakuba izilwane ngayinye zingaba nesisindo esingu-800.
Kodwa izinkomba zokurekhoda zobuningi bezinkunzi ze-Kazakh ezimhlophe ezihlotsheni ezimhlophe ziyi-950 kilogram. Kodwa, uma usemncane inkunzi idonswa, izinkabi ziyakwazi ukuthola izinkomba ezinkulu zesisindo - kufika ku-1100 kilogram.
Ekuphumeni kokuhlatshwa, inani lemikhiqizo yenyama ekhiqizwa ngokuvamile lilinganiselwa ku-53-55% yesisindo esiphezulu sayo sonke isilwane sesilwane.
Nge-fattening enhle kakhulu, lesi sibalo singakhuphuka kuze kufike ku-65%, kodwa kuphela kuleli cala inyama izoba yindlala. I-skeleton yezilwane, nakuba iqine kakhulu, kodwa imincane futhi ilula. Isabelo salo esilinganisweni sesiguli sesilinganiso esingu-13.9%, okuyisibalo esincane kakhulu.
Ukukhiqiza ukuzala: izinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu
Ukukhulelwa kokubili izinkomo nezinkunzi zohlobo oluchazwe kwenzeka ekuqaleni, kodwa kungadlula iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10. Ngenxa yalesi sici, umhlambi wabantu ababili ngisho nekhono lokukhula ngokushesha, ukuzala izizukulwane ezintsha neziningi.
Ngokujwayelekile, emva kokutholwa kokuqala, okulandelayo kwenzeka njalo ngonyaka. I-fecundity of the breed ayikho ngaphansi kwama-90-95%.
Inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu izinkomo ezimhlophe zaseKazakh yizo zazo isisimu samabele esithuthukile kahle, ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokusinda lamathole asanda kuzalwa lilingana no-100%, nakuba umuntu engenzi njalo kangcono.
Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhonjiswa kuphi, ngaphakathi endlini noma ngaphandle, izilwane zizoqhubeka zinikeza ithole ngokunakekelwa okudingekile ngaphandle kokungenelela kwangaphandle.
Izinsana zizalwa kakhulu kakhulu - ngokwesilinganiso, kusuka ku-27 kuya ku-30 kilogram (kuye ngokuthi ubulili). Kodwa, ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu bomzimba, inkomazi iqine kakhulu ibekezelela inqubo yokukhokha, okungajwayelekile ukuthi kunezinkinga.
Imikhiqizo yobisi yezinkomo ezimhlophe zaseKazakh
Ikhono lokunikeza ubisi liyisici esibalulekile kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinkomo. Futhi, nakuba izinkomo ezichazwe ngokukhiqiza inyama ekusebenzeni kwayo, ubisi ubhekisela nenye yezinzuzo zayo ezibalulekile (ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabameleli bohlobo oluhlangene).
Uma uhlola ngokujwayelekile umkhiqizo wobisi wezinkomo ezimhlophe zaseKazakh, kuphansi kakhulu. Isilinganiso sokukhiqiza ubisi wonyaka ngonyaka ka 1000-1500 kilograms ubisi kuphela.
Kusukela ezinkomeni zenyama kanye nobisi emapulazini athile ukuze kutholakale i-lactation eyodwa kungenzeka ukuthola ama-kilogram ayi-6000 ubisi. Kodwa-ke, inzuzo yalolu hlobo iyinambitheka kanye nokuqukethwe kwamanoni alo mkhiqizo owusizo. B
Ngenxa yokutshala endaweni evulekile nokudla izilwane ngokudla okutshalwe kuphela, ubisi lwabo luba usizo olukhulu kakhulu futhi luhle kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zobisi. I-indicator ye-fat content nayo iphezulu kakhulu, futhi ilingana no-2.8-4.8%.
Yiqiniso, okuqukethwe kwamanoni ebisi kunamandla okushintsha ngokuya komsoco kanye nezinkathi zokukhalisa, kepha ngokujwayelekile kusekhona ezingeni eliphakeme.
