Kwesinye isikhathi amaqabunga ezitshalo zasendlini aqala ukujika aphuzi futhi omile. Ukunakekelwa okungafundile kuvame ukuba yikubhongoza. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula zonke izizathu ezingenzeka futhi sikutshele okufanele ukwenze. Kepha okokuqala, amagama ambalwa ngalesi sitshalo uqobo.
IPelargonium, esiyilima ekhaya (ukuyibiza ngephutha ngokuthi ngama-geraniums), iyisitshalo esihle futhi esingatheli ngaphakathi ekukhuleni. Ifanelana ngokuphelele ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sengadi, njengoba izizwa kahle ezimweni zasemgwaqweni. Kungumhlobiso omuhle wendlu, oyisikhumbuzo esicacile sehlobo. Kwesinye isikhathi amahlamvu e- “geranium” aphenduka aphuzi emaphethelweni. Kancane kancane, ukoma okuluhlaza, kuyawa, ukubukeka kwehla kakhulu.
Uma ungazinakekeli izimbali ngesikhathi, zizokufa. Ngalesi sizathu, udinga ukutadisha amaphutha ajwayelekile ekukhuleni “kwama-geranium” ukuze ihlale ijabulisa ngokubukeka kwawo.
Izizathu ezinkulu zokuphuzi kwamaqabunga ku- "geraniums"
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokubonakala kokuqwashisa:
- izimo zokufuya ziphulwa;
- umthamo ukhethwe ngokungalungile;
- ukweqile noma ukuntuleka kukamanyolo;
- izifo;
- ukuthambisa okungajwayelekile.
Noma yisiphi isizathu, wonke amaqabunga aphuzi kufanele asuswe, bese ulungisa ukushiyeka ekunakekelweni kwesitshalo. Uma lokhu kungasizi, ukufakelwa enhlabathini entsha kuzodingeka. Kulokhu, zonke izimpande zidinga ukugeza ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate.
Amaphutha lapho unakekela geraniums yegumbi
Ukunakekelwa abangafundile yisizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi amaqabunga aphuzi avele kuma-geraniums. Lesi sitshalo sinokuzithoba ekukhuleni, kepha imithetho eyisisekelo yokuthuthuka kwayo kumele ihlonishwe. Ukwazi amaphutha ajwayelekile, kulula ukuqonda ukuthi okudingayo imbali oyithandayo yasendlini.
Isikhundla esingalungile
Ukukhethwa kwembiza ye-pelargonium kufanele kusondele kakhulu. Abanye abatshali be-novice bakholelwa ngeze ukuthi izimpande zidinga isikhala esiningi. Kepha lokhu akulungele zonke izitshalo.
Ama-geraniums we-Indoor esitsheni esiqinile azogcwalisa ngokushesha yonke indawo ngezimpande futhi ukukhula kwesitshalo kuzoncipha. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaqabunga azoqala ukuphenduka aphuzi futhi omile. Sebenzisa i-flowerpot enkulu kakhulu akuyona futhi inketho. Embizeni ebanzi, i-pelargonium izoqala ukwakha ngamandla uhlelo lwezimpande, inikeze le nqubo ngawo wonke amandla ayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izimbali zizobambezeleka.
Ngaphezulu kwendawo enkulu, kunengozi yokuqina komswakama, okuzoholela ekwakhiweni kokubola.
Ukuntuleka noma ngokweqile kokukhanya
Pelargonium imbali yezithombe. Kungcono ukuyibeka efasiteleni, lapho kunokukhanya okwanele. Amafomu wokufinya ophuzi emaqabungeni asemthunzini, azoqala ukoma. Kepha imisebe yelanga eqondile nayo iyabulala i-pelargonium. Ukushiswa kukaBrown kuvela kubo.
Ukuphuza okuningi
I-Indanium i-geranium iyizinhlobo ezibekezelela isomiso, lokhu kufanele kucatshangwe lapho ushiya. Kwanele ukunisela kanye ngeviki. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo esishisayo, imvamisa ye-hydration ingandiswa. Isitshalo akubekezeleli umswakama okweqile. Isici esibonakalayo ukubukeka kokungazwisisani kwamahlamvu.
Ukuntuleka ukuthambisa ejwayelekile
Indoor geranium whimsical maqondana nokunisela. Akukhuthazi ukuntuleka komswakama, kubi ukugcwala kwamanzi. Kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuyekethisa: nisela inhlabathi uma yomile ngo-2,5 cm. Uma lokhu kunzima ukukulandela, khona-ke ukufaka inhlabathi inketho enhle. Kulokhu, amagxolo kaphayini, i-peat, itshe elichotshoziwe, itiye, imousse, ama-chip zemabula kufanelekile. Isikhathi esiphakathi kokuphuza siyokhuphuka, ngeke kube yingozi yokusabalala kokubola, uzokwazi ukuvimba uphuzi lwamaqabunga.
Umhlabathi ongalungile
Ukuze izimpande ze-pelargonium zikhule kahle, udinga ingxube ekhethekile evundile yomhlaba. Ingathengwa esitolo. Inhlabathi eqoqwe egcekeni noma ehlathini ingahle ingakulungeli i-geranium yangaphakathi, futhi izodala ukuthuthuka okubi nokuntuleka kokuqhakaza kwezimbali.
Funda futhi i-athikili ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-pelargonium nokunakekelwa okuyikho.
Umswakama ophezulu
Hhayi kuphela uhlelo lwezimpande, kodwa futhi namaqabunga azwela amanzi ngokweqile.
Ungafafazi emthini kusuka ebhodleleni lokufafaza. Lokhu kuzothinta kabi umbala oluhlaza, kungahle kuphuzi.
Ukushisa okuphezulu
I-geranium enhle kakhulu engaphakathi ikhula emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka +20 ° C. Amazinga aphezulu anika ophuzi kumaqabunga. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ebusika, lapho ukushisa kwama-radiator kushisa umoya eduze kwefasitela lapho isitshalo simi khona. Ngokupholisa, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pelargonium kunciphisa, ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuyabambezeleka. Ulungiselela ukubuna.
Ukuntuleka kukamanyolo
Ukukhula okusebenzayo nokuqhakaza okusheshayo kwezimbali kudinga umsoco omuhle. Kulokhu sidinga i-iron, phosphorus, potassium. Izakhamzimba kumele zengezwe njalo kanye ngenyanga. Ungathenga ingxube yendawo yonke yezitshalo ezigeleza ngaphakathi ezinokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephansi.
Sincoma ukuthi ufunde i-athikili yokuthi kungani i-pelargonium ingaqhakaza kuwe.
I-Herbicide
Ngokuphuzi futhi komiswe amaqabunga, ama-geraniums wegumbi angathola amakhemikhali, njengokulungiselela kokulawula ukhula, esihlahleni. I-Pelargonium iyazwela ekuhlanzeni kwasendlini nezimonyo - okokuhlanza umoya, izifutho zezinwele.
Okusalungiswa
Imvamisa ama-geraniums angaphakathi abekwa kuma-windows sill. Akumangalisi ukuthi lesi sitshalo esihle njalo sijabulisa iso. Kodwa i-airing ejwayelekile ilimaza ukubonakala kwe-pelargonium. Amaqabunga aqala ukujika aphuzi futhi omile, kancane kancane yonke into iyawa. Lungisa isimo ngokukhetha indawo ngaphandle komoya.
Ukudonsa amanzi ampofu noma ukuntuleka kwawo
Ukuze ukhiphe umswakama owedlulele ohlelweni lwezimpande, imbiza kufanele ibe nesendlalelo sokudonsa amanzi. Lapho ingekho, inqubo yokubola iqala, ebhubhisa sonke isitshalo. Ukuqala kwayo kunganqunywa ngamaqabunga. Baqala ukuphenduka baphuzi ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Uma ngokunakekelwa okuhle, amaqabunga e-geranium asaphenduka aphuzi, imbangela yakhona kungaba yizifo zezitshalo zasendlini.
Ukubola okumpunga
I-pathogen: I-Botrytis cinerea (Botritis grey). Ukuphila enhlabathini kusuka eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemibili. Sisakazeka emoyeni, nomhlaba, amanzi, nezinye izitshalo ezithelelekile.
Izizathu:
- umswakama
- umswakama ophakeme;
- ukufafaza ngokweqile;
- inani elikhulu le-nitrogen enhlabathini;
- umoya omncane.
Lesi sifo sibonakaliswa ukulimala kwamahlamvu. Kuhlelwa iziza ezinama-velvety deposits nefomu lamabala ansundu kuso. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lesi sifo sithinta amaqabunga aphansi.
I-ambulensi: ukwelashwa nge-fungicides (Fundazol, Vitaros).
Rhizoctonia bola
IPathogen: I-Rhizoctonia solani. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngomhlabathi.
Izizathu:
- inani ngokweqile lezingubo eziphezulu;
- kweqa izinga lokushisa elivumelekile lokuqukethwe;
- umswakama ngokweqile;
- ukusilela okukhanyayo;
- umoya omncane
- umehluko we-6 ... 8 ° C phakathi kokushisa kwenhlabathi nomoya ozungezile.
Lesi sifo sithinta izimpande neziqu zesitshalo, amabala afakiwe avela esiqwini. Ukhunta luqala ukusabalala kanye nabo (ukuphakama okungadluli kuma-25 cm).
I-ambulensi: ukunqanyulwa kokunisela kanye nokwelashwa ngama-fungicides (Fundazol, Vitaros, Rovral).
I-Alternariosis
I-Pathogen: I-alternaria alternata. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngomhlabathi, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina ukushisa (kufudumele futhi kunomswakama).
Isizathu umswakama ophezulu.
Izindawo eziphuzi nezinsundu ezinendawo ekhanyayo ziyavela emaqabunga. Ngomswakama ophezulu, zimbozwe nge-velvet emnyama. Imvamisa, lesi sifo sithinta i-zonal pelargonium.
I-ambulensi: ukwelashwa ngama-fungicides (Skor, Ridomil Gold, Rovral).
I-Verticillus wilting
Amagciwane: I-Verticillium dahliae ne-albo-atrum. Ukuphila emhlabathini kuze kube iminyaka eyi-15. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngezimpande ezilimele, lapho ukusika kwe-rooting.
Lesi sifo siyasebenza ikakhulukazi ehlobo, ngesimo sezulu esifudumele nokushisa ngokushesha kwenhlabathi.
Kuqala ngokuphuzi kwamaqabunga aphansi. Ngokuzayo, lesi sifo sihlanganisa sonke isitshalo. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, i-pelargonium kufanele ikhishwe ngaphandle kanye nomhlabathi.
I-ambulensi: ukugcina umswakama ofanele womhlabathi kanye nokwelashwa ngama-fungicides (Fundazol, Vitaros, Rovral).
Ukugqwala
I-Pathogen: I-Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis. Idluliselwa kwezinye izitshalo ezithintekile ngamanzi nangomoya.
Unganquma ukuqala kwalesi sifo ngamaphuzu ansundu esiqwini. Lapho-ke amahlamvu aqala aphuzi. Kancane kancane zonke ziyawa.
I-ambulensi: ukunciphisa umswakama womoya, ukumisa ukufafaza, ukuqeda amaqabunga anempilo, ukwelashwa nge-fungicides (Topaz).
Uma ama-germums wegumbi eliphuzi edinga ukuhlola isitshalo, kungenzeka ahlaselwe yizimbunguzane. Akuvamile ukuba zithinte i-pelargonium, ngoba iphunga elithile eliqinile liyazixosha.
I-Pelargonium ivame ukucasulwa yizimhlophe. Uhlala futhi afake izibungu ngaphansi imbali. Uma i-pony koloni ikhula ibe ngosayizi omkhulu, khona-ke amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi noma abe nsundu. Uyabona ngamehlo amhlophe ngamehlo. Ingafika ku-3 mm ngosayizi onamaphiko amhlophe.
Lapho amaqabunga e-geranium eqala ukuphenduka aphuzi futhi anyakaze ngaphakathi, lokhu kuhlasela kwama-aphid. Ukumsusa kunzima, kepha kungokoqobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zonke izingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo ziyasuswa, bese ziphathwa nge-Fitoverm noma neMospilan.
Sincoma ukufunda i-athikili yokuthi kungani amaqabunga ekwazi ukuncipha futhi omile eduze kwama-geraniums asekamelweni nokuthi enzeni ngakho.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyazisa: i-ambulensi yama-geraniums nokuvimbela
I-geranium yangaphakathi enamaqabunga aphuzi ingagcinwa. Amathiphu wokukhululeka okusheshayo kwe-pelargonium:
- lapho ufaka, hlola izimpande zokubola, ukulimala kwezifo, uma kulimele, geza ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate, shintsha ngokuphelele inhlabathi;
- ekwindla nasebusika, imbiza yezimbali ibekwa ngokuqhubekayo kusuka kuma-radiators; ingakhiphela ebhalini eliqhakazile (uma izinga lokushisa lakhona lingashoni ngaphansi kuka-+12 ° C);
- oniselwe ngamanzi athambile, awuvikele isikhathi eside futhi engeza ingcosana ye-citric acid noma kalamula (amaconsi ama-3-4);
- kuhlolisiswa njalo ukulinyazwa izinambuzane, isikhunta, kuthatha izinyathelo zokususa esikhathini esifanele;
- khetha inhlabathi esitolo, ingumhlabathi jikelele wezitshalo zasendlini;
- lapho umoya womile, awamunyisi i-pelargonium kusuka ku-atomizer, kungcono ukubeka inkomishi yamanzi noma ubumba olumanzi olunwebekile eduze kwalo;
- ondliwa njalo, njengoba imbali izwela ukungabikho kwezakhamzimba (khetha umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi esitolo);
- ukuze i-pelargonium iqhume kakhulu, ukuthena kwenziwa entwasahlobo, kushiya amahlumela amaningana;
- uma isitshalo sidlulela ngakolunye uhlangothi, imbiza iphendukela ohlangothini olunelanga olunezinhlangothi ezihlukile;
- ngaphambi kokunisela, ukukhulula inhlabathi, uhlelo lwempande lwe-pelargonium ludinga umoya-mpilo;
- ebusika, babheka ngokucophelela ukuze amaqabunga angathinti ingilazi ebandayo, kulokhu bayomile, baphenduke ophuzi futhi bawe ngaphambi kwesikhathi;
- ngosuku olushisayo lwasehlobo, ohlangothini olunelanga, iwindi lifihlakala ngephepha noma ngesiqeshana se-gauze;
- uma i-windows sill ibanda ebusika, ukufudumeza izimpande, ibeke ikishi ekhishini ngaphansi kwembiza eyenziwe ngokhuni, ithawula, indwangu enoboya ezindongeni eziningana ngaphansi kwembiza;
- uma kungekho ungqimba wokudonsa amanzi ebhodweni nge geraniums, futhi ukufakelwa ngeke kusheshe, bese ubhoboza umhlaba njalo ezindaweni eziningi ngesikhulumi esishisayo;
- ebusika, amboza amabhethri ngethawula elimanzi eliswakeme, lokhu kuzosusa izinga lokushisa eliphakeme egumbini kanye nomoya owomile kakhulu we-pelargonium efasiteleni;
- Imbiza enhle yegumbi i-geranium iyimbiza yobumba. Ubumba lwePorous ludlula umoya, amanzi ngokweqile avele ngokushesha, umoya ungena ohlelweni lwezimpande.
Amaqabunga amahle aluhlaza we-pelargonium akhombisa impilo yezitshalo nokunakekelwa okufanele. Umbala okhombisa ukugula, izinambuzane noma izimbungulu.
