I-Biohumus iyimanyolo ewusizo kakhulu ewusizo futhi evuselela izakhi emhlabathini, okukuvumela ukuba ukhule izitshalo ezinkulu nezitshalo ezingokwemvelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisiwe kule ndaba ephilayo, ukuthi ihluke kanjani kwezinye izikhupha kanye nendlela yokwenza i-biohumus ngezandla zakho, sizokhuluma kule ngxenye.
Kuyini i-vermicompost nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani
I-Biohumus noma i-vermicompost ingumkhiqizo wokucubungula imfucuza ehlukahlukene yezolimo nge-earthworms. Yilokho okukuhlukanisa kusukela kumanus efanayo noma kumquba, okwakhiwa ngenxa yesenzo sama-bacteria ahlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane ezincane.
I-Biohumus inezici ezinjengokuthuthukisa isakhiwo somhlabathi namanzi ayo-impahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlushwa kwe-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium kuyo kuphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izinto eziphilayo. Izinzuzo ze-vermicompost nazo:
- okuqukethwe kwe-humus kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-15%;
- acidity pH 6.5-7.5;
- ukungabi khona kwamabhaktheriya angaphandle, imbewu yokhula, izitha zensimbi ezinzima;
- ukutholakala kwama-antibiotics kanye nenani elikhulu lezinyunyana ezincane ezibandakanya ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi;
- ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo okusheshayo nokuzivikela okuqhubekayo kwezitshalo ezondliwe ngalolu daba oluphilayo;
- isebenza iminyaka emithathu kuya kweyisikhombisa.
I-Biohumus ifakazelwa kahle uma usebenzisa:
- ukuvimbela izifo zezitshalo nokudluliswa kwazo okulula kwamazinga okushisa;
- ukusheshisa ukuhluma kwembewu nokwandisa inani lezithombo;
- ukwandisa ivolumu futhi isheshe ukuvuthwa kwesitshalo;
- ukuvuselelwa okusheshayo, ukubuyiselwa nokuthuthukiswa kokuzala inhlabathi;
- ukulwa nezinambuzane eziyingozi (ukusebenza kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha);
- ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwezimbali.
Uyazi? Umkhiqizo wezitshalo ezivuthwe nge-vermicompost yi-35-75% ephakeme kunalokho okondliwe ngomquba.Amagama ambalwa mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisa i-biohumus engadini. It isetshenziswa njengendlela umanyolo main for:
- ukutshala nokuhlwanyela izitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile nasendlini yokushisa;
- ukugqoka okuphezulu kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo zezolimo;
- ukuvuselelwa nokuvuselelwa komhlaba;
- imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yamahlathi;
- ukutshala izitshalo ezimibalabala nokutshala utshani obuntshani.
Lo umanyolo osebenzayo usetshenziselwa sonke isikhathi: kusukela entwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla.I-Biohumus ingasetshenziswa kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi nanoma yikuphi okulinganiselwe, izinga lesicelo eliphakanyisiwe - amathani ayi-3-6 omanyolo owomile ngehora elilodwa lezindawo ezinkulu, ezincane - 500 g ngalinye elilodwa lemitha.
Isixazululo se-liquid sokudla nokuphuza izitshalo silungiswa kusuka ku-1 litre ye-vermicompost, ehlanjululwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi afudumele.
I-Biohumus ithengiswa ngesifomu esiphelile ngama-granules nangesimo se-liquid (ukumiswa okunamandla).
Uyazi? Ngokokuqala ngqa, amaMelika aqala ukuzala izibungu emapulazini akhethekile (vermiculture) kuma-40s ekhulwini elidlule. Khona-ke i-vermiculture yasakazwa emazweni aseYurophu. Namuhla kuyaziwa kakhulu eJalimane, e-UK, eNetherlands nakwamanye amazwe.Kungalungiswa kalula ekhaya. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwenza lokhu:
- endaweni evulekile;
- ekamelweni.
Kokubili esimweni sokuqala nangesibili kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlomise umculi okhethekile wokuzalanisa. Ukusetshenziswa kwezohwebo kule vermifabriki.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokupheka i-biohumus, funda izigatshana ezilandelayo. Ngokuvamile, le nqubo iqukethe izigaba ezinhlanu:
- ukukhethwa kohlobo nokuthengwa kwezibungu;
- i-composting;
- ukubeka izilwane emanzini;
- ukunakekelwa nokudla;
- ukwenziwa kwezibungu kanye ne-biohumus.
Ukukhetha nokuthenga ama-compost ama-worms
Izimpethu zomhlaba zingatholakala futhi ziqoqwe ngokwazo noma zithengwe esitolo. Ngokuvamile, izibungu ezibomvu zase-Californiya zisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwe-vermicultivation (kubhalwa ngesisekelo somquba kuma-50s-60s ekhulwini lama-20), kodwa izinkampani eziningi zinikeza nezinye izinhlobo: umculi, umquba, umhlaba, iDendroben Veneta (imbongolo yaseYurophu yokudoba).
Abakhiqizi abanokuhlangenwe nakho be-vermicompost bathi inhle kakhulu yalezi zilwane ze-vermicultivation yi-reddish yaseCalien kanye nomhloli. Abokuqala bayanda ngokuphindaphindiwe, baphile isikhathi eside (iminyaka engu-10-16), basebenze ngokushesha, kepha ukungathandwa kwabo okuyinhloko kungukubekezelelani okuphansi kokushisa.
Uyazi? Phakathi nosuku, imbungu eyodwa ikwazi ukudlula ohlelweni lwayo lokugaya umthamo wenhlabathi olingana nesisindo somzimba wayo. Ngakho-ke, uma sicabanga ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso lesi silwane esiphunga sinesisindo esingama-0.5 g, abantu abangu-50 amahora angama-24 ehektheleni yomhlaba bangakwazi ukucubungula 250 kg yenhlabathi.I-miner nayo nayo yaphuma ngaphandle kwesidumbu se-dung. Kuyashesha ukukhiqiza umanyolo (okhiqiza kufika ku-100 kg we-biohumus), ayizifo nezifo eziwumshayabhuqe, iveza kahle (ikhiqiza abantu abangafika ku-1500) futhi iyakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi - igxile kakhulu enhlabathini ukuze ingafaki.
Ungathenga izibungu ezitolo ezikhethekile, kuhlanganise ne-Inthanethi, noma ku-vermuschestvah. Zivame ukuthengiswa imindeni, okungenani izingcezu eziyi-1500 ngayinye, ezifaka abantu abadala abangu-10, ama-80% wezingane kanye no-10% wamakhukhi. Uma uthenga izilwane, udinga ukunaka ukuhamba kwawo nombala womzimba.Umklamo we-composter
Njengoba sesibonile kakade, i-vermicompost ingahle ilungiselelwe kokubili ezimweni zendlu yasehlobo, nasendlini noma endlini. Noma yisiphi isakhiwo esizokwenza: igalaji, ichithekile, phansi. Abanye bahlomisa i-chervyatniki endlini yokugezela. Into esemqoka - ukwakha umgodi we-composter noma umquba noma umqubu.
Emgwaqweni, indlu yezibungu ihlelwe ngendlela yebhokisi lamabhodi ashuni ngaphandle kwesisekelo nesembozo. Ibhokisi kumele lifakwe endaweni evikelekile elangeni emhlabathini, kungabikho icala ngokhonkolo, ngoba amanzi angaphezu kwamandla azodinga indlela yokuphuma.
Ubukhulu bungaba buhlukile, isibonelo, ukuphakama kuka-60-100 cm, 1-1.3 m ubude nobubanzi. Endaweni yokuhlala, indlu yezibungu ingakhiwa kusukela ebhodini lepulastiki noma leplastiki (isitsha), noma kusukela emabhokisini amakhadibhodi afakwa omunye komunye. -Ukuhambisa izindlu. Ukuzalanisa izibungu kunamanzi amaningi afanelekayo. Ungasebenzisa isihluthulelo sepulasitiki, esihlanganiswe esitsheni seplastiki noma esitsha.
Kubalulekile! I-tank kufanele ifakwe emanzini: faka ungqimba wegridi phansi noma wenze izimbobo kuwo. Uma umswakama ungasusiwe, izilwane zizofa maduzane.Ukuze uvumelane nezimpethu eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka ekamelweni elincane, amabhokisi noma iziqukathi zingafakwa eyodwa komunye emathangeni amaningi noma emashalofini angenziwa. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukubeka izilwane ezingaba yizigidi ezinwabuzelayo endaweni engama-15-20mm.
Ukulungiselela umquba (isakhi se-nutrient substrate)
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezibungu, kuzodingeka ukuthi ulungiselele i-substrate yezakhi, okumele kuqukethe:
- umquba noma udoti, ukungcola kokudla kwezitshalo, amaqabunga, iziqongo - ingxenye eyodwa;
- isihlabathi - 5%;
- hay (utshani) noma sawdust - ingxenye eyodwa.
Ngaphambi kokufakwa ku-composter yezibungu, i-substrate kumele ihlinzekwe ukwelashwa okhethekile - ukuqukwa komquba. Kumele kuthunjiswe izinga lokushisa elidingekayo izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukwenza lokhu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukufutheka elangeni (ukushisa okufunayo kufinyelelwa kalula kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSeptember), noma i-lime noma i-peat (20 kg ngehora elilodwa lempahla eluhlaza) kufakwa kuwo. 
Ukuqukwa komquba kufanele kuhlale izinsuku ezingu-10. Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala ukuya kwesithathu, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ku-+40 ° C, izinsuku ezimbili ezilandelayo - ku + 60 ... +70 ° C, kusukela ngosuku lwesikhombisa ukuya ngosuku lweshumi - + 20 ... +30 ° C.
Ngemuva kokulungiselela ama-compost, kufanele ihlolwe ngokusebenza izibungu eziningana emkhathini. Uma izilwane zijule kakhulu emaminithini ambalwa, khona-ke umquba usulungile; uma uhlala phansi, i-substrate kumele isame.
I-acidity enkulu ye-compost i-6.5-7.5 pH. Njengoba ukwanda kwe-asidi ngaphezu kwe-9 pH, izilwane zizofa zingakapheli izinsuku eziyisikhombisa.
Funda kabanzi ngamanye ama-fertilizer, njenge-Kemira, i-Stimul, i-Humatic, i-Kristalon, i-Ammophos, i-potassium sulfate, iZircon.I-substrate yokuhlola ye-asidi ingabuye ibe indlela yokuhlola. Run abantu abangu-50-100 ngosuku. Uma emva kwalesi sikhathi bonke abantu bephila, ke umquba ulungile. Endabeni yokushona kwabantu abangu-5-10, kubalulekile ukunciphisa i-asidi ngokufaka u-choki noma i-lime, noma ukunciphisa ukulingana ngokufaka utshani noma i-sawdust.
Ukuqukethwe komswakama okunamandla komquba kungama-75-90% (kuzoxhomeka kuhlobo lwezinambuzane). Ngomswakama ongaphansi kuka-35% phakathi nesonto, izilwane zingase zife.
Ukushisa okufanelekile kakhulu komsebenzi obalulekile wezibungu kungama-20 ... +24 ° C, futhi emazingeni okushisa ngezansi -5 ° C nangaphezulu +36 ° C amathuba okufa kwawo aphezulu kakhulu. 
Ibhukhimakhi (ukukhululwa) izibungu ekuqubutheni
Izinambuzane zibeke phansi ngobuso be-substrate ku-composter. Abantu abangu-750-1500 kufanele bawele emitha ngayinye yesikwele.
Kubalulekile! Njengoba izibungu azibekezeli ukukhanya okukhanyayo, phezulu kwe-composter kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngento ebumnyama evumela ukuthi umoya udlule.Ukulungiswa kwezilwane kuzokwenziwa amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu.
Ukunakekelwa nemibandela yokugcina ama-compost ama-worms
Faka phansi ku-composter kuncike ekutheni ukhulule futhi uchele njalo. Futhi izibungu kudingeka zidliwe.
Ukukhululeka kufanele kwenziwe kabili ngesonto besebenzisa i-stake noma amafolokhi akhethekile we-vermicompost. Yenziwa kulo lonke ukujula kwe-substrate, kodwa ngaphandle kokuxuba.
Amanzi kuphela afudumele (+ 20 ... +24 ° C) namanzi ahlukene kuphela (okungenani izinsuku ezintathu). Amanzi kampompi akhulayo angabulala izilwane. Amanzi emvula noma amanzi ancibilikisayo kuhle ukuchelela. Kungcono ukumanza ngamanzi okuchelela ngezimbobo ezincane.
Hlola umswakama we-substrate, ubambe inamba encane. I-Substrate enomsola ngokwanele yilapho, lapho icindezelekile, yenza ukungcola, kodwa hhayi amaconsi amanzi. 
Ukudla kokuqala kwezilwane kwenziwa kwezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu emva kokuhlala. Esikhathini esizayo, kudingeka badliwe njalo ngemva kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwamathathu. Imfucuza yokudla yemifino ithululelwa endaweni engqimba ye-uniform ka-10-20 cm phezu kwendawo yonke. Amaqanda amaqanda, amazambane amazambane, ikhalenda yamapelisi, amakhabe, ikhasi lebhanana, ikhasi le-anyanisi, njll lingasetshenziselwa ukugqoka okuphezulu, kuphela imfucumfucu kufanele iqoshwe kahle.
Hlola uhlu lwezidakamizwa ezizosiza kuwe ukunakekelwa kwensimu: "PhytoDoctor", "Nemabakt", "Thanos", "Strobe", "Bud", "Quadris", "Corado", "Hom", "Confidor" .Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-substrate ebhokisini izohanjiswa ezindaweni ezintathu. I-Worms izokondla engxenyeni engenhla ye-substrate ngokujula kwama-5-7 cm. Esikhathini esingezansi - ekujuleni kwe-10-30 cm, iningi lezilwane lizophila. Konke okukhona, ngezansi, kwisendlalelo sesithathu, futhi yi-biohumus.
Isampula (umnyango) wezibungu kanye ne-biohumus
I-Biohumus izobe isilungele izinyanga ezine kuya kwezinhlanu emva kokuqaliswa kwezibungu. Uma ibhokisi enezibungu ne-biohumus ligcwele ngokuphelele, izilwane kanye nomanyolo kuzodingeka zisuswe. 
Ukuze uhlukanise izibungu, zibulawa yindlala izinsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezinyanga ezine. Khona-ke, engxenyeni yesithathu yesifunda se-substrate, ungqimba oluthile lwama-5-7 cm wokudla olusha lubekiwe. Izilwane isikhathi esithile zizohlangana kule sayithi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izingqimba zezingongolo zizodingeka zisuswe. Amaviki amathathu, le nqubo iphindwe kathathu.
I-Biohumus iyi-mass smearing mass eqoqwe futhi eyomisiwe. Bese uhlunga nge-sieve bese uhlanganiswe ukuze ugcinwe. Ukuphila kwayo kwenyanga yezinyanga ezingu-24 uma kugcinwa ekushiseni kwe--20 kuya ku-30 ° C.
Uyazi? Emazweni ase-European Union, eMelika naseJapane, imikhiqizo ekhulile emasimini ahlanganiswa ne-biohumus inesidingo esikhulu futhi iyabiza kakhulu kunalabo abakhulile emhlabathini owondla ngamanyolo noma umanyolo wamaminerali. Akuqukethe izinto eziyingozi kubantu, okusho ukuthi kunenani eliphakeme lokudla okunomsoco.I-biohumus yemanyolo yemvelo iyakhula kakhulu phakathi kwabanikazi bezolimo kanye neziqephu ze-dacha. Ukukhiqizwa kwalo futhi ibhizinisi elithembisayo. Futhi nakuba kungelula kakhulu futhi kungabizi ukukhiqiza lolu daba oluphilayo, imifino ehlanzekile, emikhulu, enempilo futhi enomsoco, ngokuqinisekile akufanelekile umzamo. 1500-3000 izimpethu zizanele ukuthola umanyolo ophilayo, okwanele ukuphakela indawo engadini yamathathu kuya kwamakhulu amane.
