Izihlahla ezihlukahlukene, izihlahla nezitshalo zikhula ensimini yazo zonke izitshalo ezizihloniphayo, kepha kude nasezindaweni zonke ungathola umuthi onjengokungathi awunakulinganiswa nanjengesihlabathi se-sea buckthorn. Yiziphi izici ze-sea buckthorn, imithetho yokutshala, ukukhula nokukhathalela, uhlobo luni lwesitshalo esingakuqoqa nokuthi yini okufanele silungiselele kuso - ngakho konke lokhu kulesi sihloko.
I-Sea buckthorn: Incazelo ye-botanical
I-Sea buckthorn (isiLatini Hippopha) imithi enameva noma i-shrub kusuka kumamitha angu-1 kuya kwangu-3 phezulu, ingomndeni wakwaLokhovae (Elaeagnaceae). Amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omude futhi omncane, emgqonyeni omhlophe.
Akuyona into ephawulekayo yokuvuna inhlanzi ngesikhathi sezimbali, njengoba ikhula kakhulu, futhi izimbali zincane futhi zivele ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqale ukuqhakaza. Izithelo ezivuthiwe noma ezivuthiwe, kusukela ophuzi kuya obala okhanyayo kanye nombala obomvu, zihlobisa amagatsha ezinhlangothini ezinzima (ngakho-ke igama lomuthi). Izithelo zivuthwe ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekupheleni kwekwindla futhi aziqhumeki lapho zivuthiwe, futhi zingase zihlale emagatsheni phakathi nobusika.
Lesi sitshalo saqala ukusabalala ensimini yeCentral neNyakatho ye-Asia, futhi namuhla singatholakala emhlabeni jikelele.
Ikhetha indawo enhlabathi yesihlabathi, eyatholakala emanzini emithombo, imifula kanye nemifudlana.
Kubalulekile! I-Sea buckthorn inomuthi wesilisa (2) nowesifazane (1). Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa, njengoba isithelo singowesifazane kuphela. Lokhu kubonakala kahle entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala kwezinso. Izinso zesilisa ziphindwe kabili abesifazane, zimbozwa 5-7 izilinganiso kuyilapho kunabesifazane ababili kuphela. Kodwa lesi sihlahla ngeke sithele izithelo ngaphandle kokuthi utshale isihlahla esilisa eduze nayo ukuze uthole impova.
Izici zokutshala i-sea buckthorn
Isigaba esibaluleke kunazo zonke sokulima kufanele kube nendlela efanele yokukwazi ukutshala umuthi. Ake sibone ukuthi singatshala kanjani isitshalo ukuze kungabi nje kuphela kuqala, kodwa futhi siqala ukuthuthukisa futhi sithele izithelo.
Luhlobo luni lokukhanyisa uthando olwenziwe ulwandle?
I-Sea buckthorn iyisihlahla esithandekayo nesithandane somswakama. Kutshalwe ilanga, kungabanjwanga ezinye izindawo zezitshalo futhi ikakhulukazi kudinga ukunakekelwa eminyakeni yokuqala yokukhula.
Uma utshala umuthi omncane futhi uvumele ukukhula ngokweqile ngokhula, khona-ke kakade unyaka wokuqala ensimini uzoba isivivinyo somuthi, futhi ungafa kalula ngokuntuleka kokukhanya. 
Ukukhethwa kwenhlabathi yokutshala
Ukuthunga emhlabathini kuyadingeka ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kokuphila komuthi. I-Sandy loam noma i-loam izoba yinto enhle, njengoba igcina umswakama isikhathi eside, ivikela ukukhuphuka ngokushesha emhlabathini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sikhetha indawo overestimated, kusukela sea buckthorn akubekezeli amanzi aphansi komhlaba.
Ukutshala okunomsoco wezitshalo ze-sea buckthorn
Ukutshala okufanelekile kwezithombo kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthuthukiswa kwesihlahla esihle kanye nokuvuna okukhulu esikhathini esizayo.
Ngokuqinisekile uyoba nesithakazelo sokufunda ngokutshala okufanele nokunakekelwa kwe-cherry plum, iplamu, u-walnut, i-cherry, i-apricot, i-apula.
Izinsuku zokutshala: lapho uhlwanyela ulwandle ukuvuna izihlahla, entwasahlobo noma ekwindla
Indlela engcono kakhulu ukutshala entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhume noma, njengendlela yokugcina, ngaphambi kokusila, ngoba lapho i-sea buckthorn itshalwe ekwindla, iphesenti lokusinda kwezitshalo libuthakathaka. Futhi uma sihlwanyela ekwindla, kuze kube sekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, lapho kusekhona izinsuku ezanele zokushisa ukuqinisa isithombo.
Ukukhethwa nokulungiselela izithombo zokutshala
Izithombo ezimbili ezineminyaka emibili zithatha izimpande kangcono, kepha uma unakekela ngokucophelela isitshalo saminyaka yonke, ungabuye ukhule umuthi oqinile nezivuno eziphezulu. Imbewu emihle ekuphakameni kuka-35-50 cm, enezicathulo ezingu-0.6-0.8, inezinqubo okungenani ezingu-3 eziyinhloko nezimpande eziningi. Imikhakha yembewu kufanele ibheke ukuqina, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezimnyama nokunyamala, okusho ukuthi lesi sitshalo sibanda kakhulu ebusika, futhi akufanelekile ukutshala.
Uyazi? Isitshalo sesilisa singascolisa emkhatsini wamamitha angaba ngu-15, futhi uma sesivele sikhula esiqhingini esiseduze, ungabe usitshala ngokuphepha kuphela isikhala samasimane, esilondolozayo ensimini.
Ukumba umgodi
Izikhonkwane zokutshala zihluma ngobukhulu buka-0.6 x 0.6 x 0.6m. Ukuphakama kwamanzi ka-10-12 cm kulala phansi. I-hillock kufanele yakhiwe emgodini kanti imbewu kufanele ibekwe ngokuqondile, iqondise ngokucophelela izimpande. Ngomusa uthele umanyolo womanyolo ophilayo, ishlabathi nomhlabathi ngokulinganisela okulinganayo nomsuka wentamo emhlabathini u-3-5 cm. Masinyane nje lapho sitshala isihlahla se-sea buckthorn, senza umgodi nxazonke, sithelela amabhakede amabili amanzi kanyekanye, futhi siwuthule.
I-patterning yokuhamba
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi sidinga ukutshala izihlahla zesilisa nabesifazane. Ukwakhiwa komqhele we-sihlahla we-buckthorn usenza siqonde ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla kufanele libe ngu-2.5 m. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokutshala isihlahla se-sea buckthorn:
- isitshalo samadoda phakathi, kanye nesifazane nxazonke;
- ukutshala owesilisa ohlangothini lwe-leeward, kulandelwa abesifazane abaningana.
Imithetho yokunakekelwa kwe-sea buckthorn ensimini
Ngakho-ke, lesi sihlahla sesivele sisungulwe engadini yethu, manje kubalulekile ukuthi singayishiyi, kodwa sikhathalele futhi sinakekele ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ngesikhathi sokuphuza isitshalo
Njengesitshalo esinomswakama, ulwandle oluthile luyathanda ukuchelela njalo. Phakathi nanoma yikuphi ukukhula, ikakhulukazi ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, njalo uthele izibhakede ezintathu zamanzi emgodini, futhi ngesikhathi sokuvuna ama-5-6 amabhakede nawo kungenzeka.
Kubalulekile! Inhlabathi enomsoco namanzi ahlale emanzini kungalimaza izimpande zesitshalo futhi kuvimbele ukutholakala komoya. Ekutheni, gcina isilinganiso.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Umhlabathi ukhululiwe njalo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukuthi izimpande ziphakeme, ukukhululeka akumele kwenziwe okungaphezulu kuka-7 cm, futhi ukumba ngokuvamile akuthandi.
Izitshalo zokudla
Ngalokhu, njalo ngonyaka umuthi udinga indawo. Ngonyaka wokuqala, awukwazi ukutshala, futhi esikhathini esizayo zonke izintwasahlobo ziletha izinto eziphilayo (umquba noma i-humus ngesilinganiso sebhakede elilodwa nge-1 sq. M ye-close-barrel area). Ama-nitrogen supplements nawo afanele kakhulu ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi - kufika ku-30 g, enethonya elihle ekukhuleni komkhiqizo nokukhiqiza.
Indlela yokunciphisa inhlanzi ye-sea buckthorn
Uma isitshalo esincane eminyakeni yokuqala sakhiwa kahle, khona-ke umuthi awukwazi ukunqunywa. Uma kukhona ambalwa amahlumela amancane, i-trunk kufanele ifinyelelwe. Emthini oneminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala, yenza izihlahla ezifomayo, ukhiphe okungadingekile futhi okufana nesiqu segatsha.
Umuthi omdala udinga ukusika izihlahla ngokucophelela, njengoba amagatsha amaningi emile futhi fruiting kuncishisiwe. Wonke amagatsha amadala, omisiwe asusiwe futhi avuselele isitshalo kuze kube neminyaka emithathu. Ungakhohlwa mayelana namahlumela ezimpande, okumele asuswe eduze komsuka, ukuze angasunguli omusha ezimpandeni zezimpande.
Funda kabanzi ngokunquma okulungile kwe-cherry, i-peach, i-cherry, i-apula, i-apricot, amagilebhisi.
Okuncane mayelana nokuzalanisa u-buckthorn olwandle
Izinhlanzi zezinhlanzi ze-Sea by cuttings, imbewu, inzalo kanye nokuhlanganiswa.
- Indlela elula yokuthola isihlahla esisha ukuhlukanisa isikhukhula esakhulile eduze kwesihlahla somama, siwageze futhi siwufakisele endaweni entsha entwasahlobo.
- Imbewu ingavamile ukuveza ikhwalithi yezihlahla ze-varietal, kodwa uma unquma ukukhetha le ndlela, kuhle ukuhlwanyela entwasahlobo, emva kokungena ezinsukwini ezingu-4-5 emanzini. Umhlaba kufanele usuvele uthukuthele, futhi ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu, uwabeke emithonjeni ephakathi kuka 5-7 cm ejulile.
- Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa yi-cuttings e-lignified, ekupheleni kwekwindla eyodwa noma eminye amahlumela ezineminyaka emibili, inqwaba ye-overwinter ekushiseni kwe-0 - +2 ° C. Entwasahlobo, ama-cuttings anqunywa ama-15-20 cm ubude, ama-10 cm aphansi emhlabathini, ashiya izinso ngaphezu kwendawo. With ukuchelela nsuku zonke, nge ekwindla kuyoba ezigxile cuttings nge impande athuthukile kanye ngenhla ngaphezulu.
- Ukugonywa akuyona indlela evamile yokukhiqiza. Njengomthetho, i-stalk yesilisa ifakwa emthini wesifazane ukuze impova, uma kungenakwenzeka ukutshala isihlahla sonke esiseduze.
Izifo ezinkulu zezitshalo nezinambuzane
Okuvamile kunazo zonke izitshalo eziphilayo:
- sea sihlahla sivame ukutholakala inundu;
- ulwandle ukuvuna ukuvuthwa fly;
- ulwandle oluvuthiwe aphid;
- isilwane samantombazane.
Isihlahla siyagula ngesikhumba, i-endomycosis, umlenze omnyama kanye ne-wilting emibala. Kulo mkhosi kuzosiza i-oxychloride yethusi, isisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma amalungiselelo asekelwe ku-"Nitrafen".
Uyazi? Isolo - enye yezintandokazi ezithandwayo kakhulu ze "izitha" ze-sea buckthorn, ngoba ukuhlolwa nokucubungula kufanele kwenziwe ezinkathini zokuqala zonyaka okhulayo.
Sea ukuvuna izihlahla: ukuvuna
Kwabe sekufika umzuzu osalinde isikhathi eside lapho sekuyisikhathi sokuvuna isitshalo esikhule ngokucophelela. Lapho amajikijolo ethola umbala ovuthayo obomvu we-orange, ukuqina, kodwa ongachotshoziwe, khetha usuku lomhlangano ngezinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwe -15 ° C. Hlanganisa amajikijolo ekuseni noma kusihlwa, ukuwasika noma ukuwasika emagatsheni. Futhi ukugwedla kungenziwa nakusihlwa. Amajikijolo agcinwa efriziwe noma omisiwe esikhwameni seplastiki endaweni emnyama kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha. I-Sea buckthorn inezinamba eziningana zamavithamini azuzisayo kanye nezici zokulandelela ukuthi kunzima ukuthola okulinganayo. Tshala lo muthi engadini yakho futhi ngeke ucabange nje ngobuhle bawo obuhlobisa, kodwa futhi nangendlela yokuphulukisa izithelo zawo.
