Ukulima

Imfihlakalo yokuvuselela izihlahla zezithelo, amathiphu kanye nezeluleko nge-rejuvenation engadini

Umlimi ngamunye ufuna ukutshala ama-apula, amapheya, ama-plums, ama-Cherry nokunye endlini yakhe. Kodwa ngalokhu udinga ukunakekelwa okulungile nangesikhathi esifanele kwezihlahla. Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zokunakekelwa okunjalo ukudubula nokuvuselelwa komqhele.

Izihlahla zokuguga eziguga: incazelo nezinhlobo

Ukusika izihlahla ezindala ezweni lakho elihle futhi okufika ngesikhathi kuholela ekuvuseleleni izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, baqala ukukhiqiza izithelo ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezihlwabusayo. Uma amagatsha anqunywe ngokwemithetho ethile, khona-ke umuthi ngeke ugcwale, ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele kuzodlulela emgqeni, amagatsha amasipha kanye namagundane azoqina, okubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina izithelo ezinzima.

Kubalulekile! Inkinga yesisindo esikhulu sesithelo futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuphulwa kwamagatsha kuvame ukutholakala kwamapheya. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo kufanele sikhishwe minyaka yonke.
Ukunakekelwa okungalungile kwezinkinga zemithi kungavela:
  1. Ukuqina komqhele.
  2. Ukuhluma kwesikhathi eside.
  3. Ukunciphisa ubusika obunzima.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezitshalo zokuqeda ukuguga: ukunciphisa nokunciphisa. Futhi izihlahla zokusika izihlahla zingahlukaniswa ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Yiqiniso, ochwepheshe batusa ukuhlanza izitshalo zezithelo kuphela entwasahlobo. Noma kunjalo, izihlahla ezindala, ezide nezinomile zingasuswa ngaphambi kobusika. Kodwa amagatsha owomile kuphela angadliwa. Ukuthinta okusha akudingekile, ngoba ebusika amanxeba wezitshalo aphulukisa nakakhulu, ngisho noma le nxeba ishaywa nge-ejenti ekhethekile.

Ukuvuselelwa kwesihlahla kunciphisa futhi kunciphisa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Inqubo enjalo isetshenziswa uma kudingekile ukubeka isitshalo esidala nesasinde kakhulu esitshalo. Ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagatsha ngamanye, izithelo namahlumela. Kuncike ekugugeni, ama-fetus ngabanye namagatsha kumele afinyelelwe ngezindlela ezahlukene. Isibonelo, uma igatsha lineminyaka engu-8-10 ubudala, khona-ke ubude bayo bungaba ngu-60-70% ubude bayo. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba unqume zonke izithelo noma igatsha ngale ndlela; udinga ukubheka ukuthi ihlelwe kahle yini. Uma igatsha liqala ukunciphisa noma likhula ngendlela engafanele, khona-ke liyakunqunywa.

Uyazi? ULeonardo da Vinci wenza isingeniso esithakazelisayo: inani lazo zonke amagatsha omuthi obunzima lilingana nobubanzi be-trunk.
Ukuvuselelwa kahle kwezihlahla entwasahlobo kufakazela ukuthi banamagatsha ambalwa, kanti manje isitshalo sidinga amanzi namaminerali amancane ngenani eliphelele. Futhi uhlelo lwempande lomuthi luletha konke okulinganayo kwamanzi kanye namaminerali, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ingxenye engaphezulu yesitshalo ngemuva kokusika izihlahla eziningi namanzi. Izihlahla zokucwenga izihlahla zenza izihlahla zibe ngendandatho. Lokhu kwenziwa uma umqhele ukhulu kakhulu futhi udinga ukulimazwa. Ngokuvamile, usebenzisa le ndlela, amagatsha aqoshiwe wesibili nesithathu. Khona-ke umuthi ubonakala isikhala esikhululekile.

Indlela yokuvuselela izihlahla zezithelo ezindala

Uma ungazange usule izihlahla engadini iminyaka eminingi noma uthenge isakhiwo esasikhona esidala futhi singanaki izitshalo zezithelo, ke ungasheshi ukusisika empande. Ungakwazi njalo ukuvuselela i-apple yakho, iphakathi, iplamu, i-cherry. Khona-ke izitshalo zensimu zizokulethela izithelo ezihlwabusayo nezomnandi iminyaka eminingi.

Ulwazi olunentshisekelo mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula: "Northern Synapse", "Sinap Orlovsky", "i-Moscow Pear", "i-Medunitsa", "Ukuthululwa Okumhlophe", "i-Silver Hoof", "i-Dream", "i-Semerenko", "i-Dream".

Ukunciphisa umqhele womuthi nokukhanyisa isikhungo

Uma lesi sitshalo sineminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu futhi kwakungekho ukunakekelwa emva kwayo, ngakho kufanele kuvuselelwe ngokuphelele. Ukuvuselelwa kwesihlahla sama-apula endala kwenzeka ngezinyathelo ezintathu:

  1. Umqhele wehlisa.
  2. Ukucaciswa kwesikhungo.
  3. Ukudubula okunciphisa amagatsha ase-lateral.
Ukuze unciphise kahle umqhele, udinga ukulinganisa u-2-2.5 wamamitha phezulu kusukela ekuqaleni komuthi wokuqala womuthi bese unqunywe kancane kunokuhlukana kwamagatsha avela esihlahleni. Ngemuva kwalokho, isikhungo somuthi sizokhululeka futhi sibe lula kakhulu. Kodwa manje kudinga ukukhishwa kancane.
Kubalulekile! Ngemva kokusika ingxenye engaphezulu ye-trunk, udinga ukumboza isilonda ngodaka noma upende bese uwugoqa nge-rag.
Ukusika izihlahla ze-apula ezindala kungathatha isikhathi nokuzikhandla. Ukuze uthathe izihlahla, ungasebenzisa i-pruner, futhi ukusika amagatsha wesibili, okwesithathu nesine, sebenzisa ingadi.

Amahlumela adingeka ukuba anqunywe kancane engxenyeni, ngenhla ngaphezu kwe-Budget. Sika kuphela lawo mahlumela akhula phakathi noma oxhumana naye. Okunye okuzayo esikhathini esizayo kuyoba ngamagatsha athelayo. Amagatsha amakhulu kufanele anqunywe ngokwalo mthetho: igatsha elincane kufanele libe lide kunegatsha elikhulu. Wonke amagatsha agulayo noma omisiwe kufanele asuswe, kanye nabo bonke abaphazamisa ukukhula komunye nomunye. Ngemuva kwalokho, isikhungo sesitshalo sakho sitshalo sizokhanya kakhulu futhi sivuleke kakhulu, esizosiza isihlahla ukuthi sikhiqize izithelo ezinkulu.

Ukunciphisa okujwayelekile

Ngemuva kokuthi usususe ingxenye engaphakathi yomqhele, udinga ukumelela amagatsha ohlangothini. Ikakhulukazi lokhu kuvuselelwa kufanele kwenziwe ngenxa yepere elidala. Phela, lezi zitshalo zitshalo zikhulu kakhulu, futhi amagatsha ahlangothini avame ukuhlakazwa noma aphulwe ngaphansi kwamathonya angaphandle: imvula enamandla emoyeni, isichotho, njll.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqale ukusika kuphela amagatsha agulayo futhi omile kuphela, khona-ke kuyacaca ukuthi kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezisele ukugcwalisa ukuhlanza. Ngemuva kwalokho, unciphisa amagatsha amade awakwazi ukulwa nesisindo. Thatha i-pruner uphinde unqume wonke amahlumela asemakhilomitha angaba ngu-10, njengoba esikhathini esizayo azophazanyana ukuze akhule. I-wen esele ingancishiswa yi-1/2 noma 2/3 yobude.

Ukuvuselelwa okunjalo kwezihlahla entwasahlobo nge-thinning kufanele kwenziwe okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Khona-ke umuthi ngeke ugule futhi uzothela izithelo ezimnandi.

Ukusika amahlamvu okulenga

Amagatsha okugcoba akudingeki ukuba anqunywe kwindandatho. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ezimweni ezimbili: lapho igatsha lomile, noma lapho livimbela amanye amagatsha ukuba akhule futhi anqobe isikhala samahhala phakathi nendawo yomqhele. Ngokuvamile, ukusika ama-apula amade amadala kufaka ukusika ama-50-60% esitshalo sonke: umuthi ngeke ufe ngalokhu, kodwa ngokuphambene nakho, uzothola amandla amasha.

Uyazi? Ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi izihlahla ezindala zihlanganyela izakhi zamaminerali nezitshalo ezincane.
Amagatsha okugcoba kufanele ancishiswe ku-1/2 noma ku-2/3 ubude ukuze abambelele futhi angahlali phansi. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukunciphisa amagatsha omyalelo wesithathu, wesine nango-olandelayo futhi unqume amahlumela, ushiye kuphela lezo eziqondiswa ekhoneni elincane ngqo.

Ngakho-ke, ukusika izihlahla zezithelo ezivuselelayo kwenzeka ezinyathelweni eziningana. Ngemuva kokuthi wonke amagatsha aqanjiwe asusiwe, kudingeka udonsa endaweni yokukhula okuqhubekayo.

Ukudubula endaweni yokukhula okuqhubekayo

Ukususwa kwezinkuni zokuba neminyaka engu-4-7 ubudala kukhulisa kakhulu ukukhula kwamahlumela athelayo. Ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo entwasahlobo yasentwasahlobo kuholela ekuvuseleleni wonke uhlelo lwesitshalo. Futhi ukususa amagatsha kanye namahlumela endaweni ye-retreating ukukhula kuyadingeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Phela, lesi sigaba somuthi sisebenza kakhulu, sithunyelwe amanzi amaningi namaminerali.

Kule ndawo kuyadingeka ukuba unciphise amagatsha, kuphakanyiswa ukuba ungabisusi esiyingweni. Susa amahlumela endaweni encane futhi unciphise amagatsha kakade asebunziwe cishe ngobude obuyi-2/5. Ngendlela efana nokuvuselelwa kwe-apula, bahlanza amapheya, ama-apricot nama-peaches. Amagatsha amakhulu kufanele aqale aqedwe kancane, bese esuka phezulu, ukuze angalimazi amagxolo.

Ukususwa kwezinto eziphezulu futhi ukwakheka zibe ngamagatsha ezinamahlumela kanye namagundane

Abaningi abakwazi ukuvuselela insimu endala ngokwabo, kanti empeleni kuphela i-pruner kanye ne-saw edingekayo kulokhu, kanye nolwazi oluthile lokuhlanzwa okuphakathi kwezinkuni. Ukuqeda iziqongo kuyisigaba esinzima kakhulu ngomqondo wokuthi abaningi bayasusa ngokungalungile. Izizathu zokuthi kungani iziqongo kufanele zisuswe:

  • zikhula zibe phakathi komqhele;
  • kuneziningi zazo ngeyunithi yesikwele;
  • zikhula ziqonde ngqo kusuka esihlahleni.
Kodwa kwezinye izimo, kungcono ukuthi ungasusi iziqongo, kodwa ukuze uzifinyeze ukuze esikhathini esizayo baqale ukuthela izithelo. Ngokuvamile, iziqongo zivela esitshaleni ngemva kokudla kwayo ngokugcwele ngamanyolo we-nitrogenous. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona ukubonakala okukhulu kwamahlumela amafutha, ayeke ukutshala isitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Umquba womuthi ongenamakhemikhali ukwandisa ukukhula kwamahlumela kanye nezinhlasi.
Abalimi abaningi, abangazi ukuthi bangabhekana kanjani nendlela yokuvuselela ama-apula asendulo, amapheya, ama-cherries, aqala ukususa phezulu, futhi lokhu akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi kwenziwe. Amacala uma kungcono ukushiya iziqongo:
  1. Uma umuthi unamahlumela ambalwa.
  2. Uma udinga ukwakha amagatsha amahle omuthi kusuka eziqongweni.
Ngemuva kokuhlanza kahle kwezinto eziqongweni, umuthi kufanele ufanelwe. Sakha amagatsha ayisigceme namahlumela nge-saw. Kusukela kumbono we-panoramic, umuthi kufanele ube nesimo se-cone. Ngakho-ke, sinciphisa okunye okuvela phezulu, futhi sishiya ngaphezulu ngezansi. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lapho ukuvuselela izihlahla zemithi endala akudingeki ukuba uhlakaze amagatsha eseceleni kwesigxobo esingaphansi komuthi. Ukusika okunjalo kungalimaza isitshalo bese isilonda sizophilisa isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungasungulwa isikhala engxenyeni engezansi ye-trunk, okuzolimaza umuthi.
Ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zamapheya: "Marble", "Elena", "Severyanka", "I-Cathedral", "Otradnenskaya", "Fairytale", "Rogneda", "Nika".

Indlela yokunakekela lesi sihlahla ngemuva kokuvuselelwa

Ngemuva kokuvuselelwa okufanele kwesihlahla, kuyadingeka ukuba unakekele. Isikhathi lapho ungafanelanga ukuvuselela khona imithi ubusika, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi lapho isitshalo sidinga ukunakekelwa. Ngesikhathi seqhwa elinzima ngaphansi kwesihlahla kubalulekile ukuphonsa inqwaba yeqhwa ukuze impande ingafaki. Uma ukusika izihlahla kwenzeka ekwindla, qiniseka ukumboza amanxeba ngopende noma ubumba ukwenza kube lula kulesi sitshalo ukuphulukisa amanxeba ebusika. Ngemuva kokudubula nokuvuselelwa kwama-apula endala, amapheya, izihlahla zama-apricot kufanele zikhule kahle. Indlela enhle yi-wood ash, equkethe izakhi eziningi eziwusizo eziwusizo. I-Ash kumele isetshenziswe enhlabathini ezungeze isitshalo.

Uyazi? I-99% yomuthi iqukethe amaseli afile.
Ngentwasahlobo, umhlabathi ozungeze isitshalo kufanele uhlanye nge-spade ingxenye yesiqephu bese u-rake. Izithasiselo ezisekelwe kulezi zingqungquthela zifakwa kule ndawo: i-zinc, i-boron, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-nitrogenous substance. Kubuye kunconywe ukuba ukhule ngamanisi kanye ne-peat yamahlathi. Isihlahla ngalesi sikhathi kudinga ukuchelela.

Manje njengoba sekucacile ukuthi ukusika izihlahla ezivuselelayo futhi kanjani ukunakekela lesi sitshalo ngemuva kwalokho, uzokwazi ukuhlanza ngokuhlanzekile ingadi yakho.