I-Tetrastigma iyigilebhisi zasendle ezihlala zihlala zihlobisa indlu futhi zingene ngokushesha endaweni enkulu. Amacembe ayo aqhakazile nemivini eguquguqukayo ihewula ngobuhle. Lesi sitshalo singesomndeni wamagilebhisi futhi sihlala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nase-Australia. Ezweni lethu isetshenziswa njengembali yegumbi. Isitshalo se-tetrastigm kulula ukusinakekela futhi siyoba umhlobiso omuhle wekamelo noma isizinda sezimbali eziqhakazile.
Incazelo
I-Tetrastigma ine-Rhizome enamagatsha anamade futhi amahlumela amade, anwelayo. Ngonyaka nje kuphela, ama-liana angakhula ngo-60-100 cm. Ngokwesiko, amagatsha akhula ngo-3 m, futhi esimweni semvelo ungabona imivini engu-50 m ubude.Iziqu ezincane zimbozwe ngotshani obumnyama obumnyama noma ngamagxolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha ngokuhamba kweminyaka ziphenduka zaba lugobile, amagatsha anensimbi.
Amahlumela amasha ambozwe ngamaqabunga ejwayelekile kuma-petioles cm angama-5. Ububanzi beqabunga elilodwa bungafinyelela ku-35 cm.Iqabunga ngalinye liqukethe ama-lobes angama-3-7. Lezi lobes ine-petiole yazo emfushane. Ama-lobes aphakanyisiwe ahlanganile ezinhlangothini nasekupheleni. Imithambo eminyene, evikelekile itholakala kupuleti lesikhumba elimnyama. Ngemuva kweqabunga, ungabona i-villi emfushane ebomvu ngombala. Ezinduneni eziningi ezincane ezivela phansi kweqabunga, ujusi wesitshalo uhlala umile futhi ukhala.
Izimbali ezincane kakhulu ze-tubular zitholakala kuma-inflorescence ama-axillary amancane kuma-peduncle alukhuni, amafushane. Ama-petals namabhulashi aphuzi noma aluhlaza okotshani. Maphakathi nehlumela kukhona ihlazo elihlukanisayo elinama-lobes amane. Kwakungenxa yakhe lapho i-tetrastigma yathola khona igama. Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiGrekini, i-tetra isho ezine, bese kuthi ukubekelwa amabala kusho inhlamba. Kepha ekuhlanganisweni kwendlu, izimbali cishe azikaze zakheke, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukwazi ukuzijabulisa uqobo.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo
Kunezinhlobo eziyi-9 kuphela kuhlobo lwe-tetrastigma, kodwa zingu-2 kuphela kuzo ezitholakala kusiko. Okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabatshali bezimbali futhi okutholakalayo kuyathengiswa tetrastigma Wuanier. Lesi sitshalo sinesiqu esikhulu, esinamafutha anamagatsha amaningana. Phezu kwe-petioles kanye namahlumela amasha kukhona inqwaba ebomvu. Amaqabunga wesikhumba noma denser aluhlaza okotshani. Zinemaphethelo elingalingani futhi zihlukaniswe ngama-lobete angama-3-5 rhomboid. Phezulu kweshidi kunendawo ecwebezelayo. Amahlamvu aphambene. Ezindaweni zama-internode eduze kwe-petioles kunezintokazi ezakheke okomendo, okuyi-liana okunamathiselwe kuzo ukusekelwa okuqondile.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ifomu le-umbellate inflorescence elixegayo kuma-peduncle amafushane aqinile kuma-axils amaqabunga. Ama-buds amhlophe-aluhlaza aqukethe umongo ovelele kanye nezinsimbi ezincane ezinzima. Esikhundleni sembali, kuboshwe ibheri enezinhlamvu eziningi eziyindilinga.
I-Tetrastigma lanceolate - Olunye uhlobo olungatholakali emasikweni. Isitshalo sinamaqabunga amnyama. Zinesimo se-lanceolate futhi kwesinye isikhathi siqhathaniswa nezinhlanzi ezincane. Amabibi agogekile emuva e-arc eceleni komthambo ophakathi nendawo. Ipuleti lamaqabunga liba manzi, kunamanzi.
Izindlela zokuzala
Imbali ye-tetrastigm isakazwa kuphela ngendlela enamakhambi. Kuyadingeka ukusika ihlumela le-apical noma usike ukusika okuningi emvinini osemncane. Isigaba ngasinye kufanele sibe namaqabunga amadala angu-1-2. Izimbambo zisikwa ukuze ngaphansi kwesiqu kube khona ne-1-2 cm yesiqu esingenalutho. Indawo esikiwe iphathwa ngesisombululo sokukhuthaza ukwakheka kwama-rhizomes futhi atshalwe emhlabathini ovundile, okhanyayo. I-petiole kumele ihlale ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, ngaphandle kwalokho isithombo sizokufa.
I-Rooting yenzeka endaweni ekhanyayo ekushiseni komoya ka- + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Ngesikhathi seviki lokuqala, kubalulekile ukugcina ukusikeka ngaphansi kwe-hood ukuvimbela ukoma. I-greenhouse ingena umoya nsuku zonke futhi ifafazwe ngenhlabathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izithombo zijwayela umoya ovulekile bese ziqala ukunisela kakhulu.
Umvini onamakhaza abadala ungasakazwa ngokuhlelwa. Ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa ihlumela kusuka esitshalweni esikhulu, limbiwa lingene enhlabathini kwelinye ibhodwe elifanayo noma elingomakhelwane. Umvini uniselwa izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngalesi sikhathi, ihlumela lithola i-rhizome yalo enkulu. Eduze kwesitshalo sikamama, igatsha lisikwa ngommese obukhali bese kuthi umsiki uqhutshwe namalahle achotshoziwe. Ukuhlelwa kuzokhula ngenkuthalo kusuka ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila okuzimele.
Ukufakelwa kweTetrastigma
Ukufakelwa kwe-tetrastigma kwenziwa minyaka yonke ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Inqubo yokufakelwa, uma kunesidingo, ihlanganiswa nokuthena. Izitshalo ezincane zizama ukuvuselela ngokuphelele inhlama yobumba ukuze kuvikeleke i-acidization kanye nokukhula kokubola kwezimpande. I-tetrastigma enkulu enkulu kumashubhu amakhulu kuphela ithatha indawo ephezulu yenhlabathi nge-substrate entsha.
Izimbiza zezithelo zomvini ongaphakathi zikhethwa zimi ndawonye, usayizi owodwa mkhulu kunalowo owedlule. Kubalulekile ukwenza izimbobo ezinkulu ngaphansi bese ubeka ungqimba olubanzi lwamanzi okudonsa. Inhlabathi yenziwa kusuka:
- inhlabathi enodaka;
- inhlabathi eshidi;
- umquba
- isihlabathi somfula;
- Peat.
Umhlaba kufanele ube nokusabela okuncane kwe-acidic (pH 6). Ngemuva kokufakelwa, i-tetrastigmus igcinwa endaweni ekhanyayo futhi iniselwe kakhulu.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
Ukunakekela i-tetrastigma ekhaya kulula kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo esingamisi sikhula ngokukhuthele ngokungathi sodwa. Kungcono ukubeka umvini egumbini elikhanyayo, nelikhanyayo. Ingakhula emthunzini oyingxenye, kepha kulokhu amaqabunga angaba mancane. On the windowsill aseningizimu ntambama, udinga umthunzi amahlumela ukuze uwavikele ekushisweni.
Ukushisa komoya okuphezulu kwe-liana kungu-20 ... + 27 ° C. Ekushiseni kwehlobo, bazama ukuthatha amagilebhisi baye emgwaqweni noma bayokhipha umoya egumbini ngokuvamile. Okusunguliwe kuvunyelwe, kepha ngamanani akhawulelwe kakhulu. Ebusika, amahlumela kufanele avikeleke emoyeni weqhwa lapho umoya. Kusukela ekwindla, ukupholisa okuvunyelwe okuvunyelwe, kepha ukwehla kuya ku-+ 13 ° C nangaphansi kuyabulala i-tetrastigma.
Kuyadingeka kaningi ukunisela ubuhle bezindawo ezishisayo ukuze inhlabathi ingoma angabi ngaphezu kuka-1-2 cm. Amanzi amaningi kufanele ashiye phansi ngokushesha, kanti ugqoko oludonsayo kufanele luthululwe njalo. I-Tetrastigma ingamelana nomoya owomile, kepha ukufafaza ngezikhathi ezithile, ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku ezishisayo, kuzoba wusizo.
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba, ukondla kwenziwa kabili ngenyanga. Umanyolo wezimbiwa zezitshalo ezihlobisa ngokungenamkhawulo wethulwa emhlabathini ngefomu elihlanjululwe.
I-Tetrastigma imvamisa ukubona izihlahla. Ukuphina amathiphu, ungafinyelela ukwakheka kwamahlumela athile akamuva, kepha umvini ngeke ugaye okuningi. Kunconywa ukudala ukwesekwa noma ukubeka imbiza eduze kodonga, lapho iziqu zingasakazeka khona. Uma imivini iwela ngokungahleliwe phezu komunye nomunye, lapho-ke esihlahleni esakhiwe ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya nomoya, amaqabunga azoqala ukuwa. Futhi, umuntu akufanele avame ukuthinta amaqabunga amancane, i-tetrastigma ingawaphonsa ndawonye ngeziqu ezincane.
Kumahlumela we-tetrastigma, ungathola izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-nematode, i-spider mite noma ama-aphid. Ukususa izinambuzane ngokushesha, kubalulekile ukuphatha ukukhula ngesibulala-zinambuzane.
