Isitshalo sihlahla senkawu, imfumbe yemfene noma i-araucaria - enhle kakhulu futhi engajwayelekile. Lesi yisimeli esidala kunazo zonke se-conifers, esingatholakala emadwaleni aseNingizimu Melika, e-Australia noma eNew Zealand. Umuthi wenkawu ungowomndeni wakwa-Araukariyev. Izihlahla ezinkulu zihamba phambili emvelweni yemvelo, kepha izinhlobo ezincane ziboniswa ngokwamasiko. Esithombeni, umuthi wenkawu ufana nomuthi omncane kaKhisimusi ongahlotshiswa unyaka omusha. Kubukeka futhi kuyathandeka egumbini lonke unyaka.
Incazelo yezitshalo
Isihlahla senkawu njengesihlahla sendlu singafinyelela ukuphakama okuyi-1.5 m, yize ngokwemvelo kunezinhlobo ezingafinyelela kumamitha angama-50. Sinohlelo oluyimpande olujulile. Ukukhula minyaka yonke kuzimo ezinhle kakhulu akudluli ku-10-15 cm.
Amahlumela amasha, kufaka phakathi isiqu, embozwe ngamagxolo aluhlaza aqhakazile. Njengoba amagatsha esekhula, ayaqina futhi abe nsundu. Izinqubo zangemuva zitholakala ngokuvundlile noma zibe nobume be-drooping. Amagatsha akha izihlahla ezivela kuso kanye isiqu. Kancane kancane, lesi sitshalo ilahla amahlumela aphansi bese isiqu sembuleka. Amagatsha ngokwawo, embozwe ngezinaliti ezimfushane ezilukhuni, anesimo sokuphamba futhi afana nomsila wesilwane. Lokhu kufana kuyabonakala kakhulu ezitshalweni ezinkulu ezindala. Ngakho-ke, elinye igama lalesihlahla ama-ponytails ezinkawu.
Izinaliti zifana namaqabunga aqine aqinile. Imisipha emincane engunxantathu noma eyindilinga ipendwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani obhulayo. Uma uhlola eduze, uzobona ukuthi izinaliti zihlelwe ngendlela. Bahlala ngokuqinile emagatsheni futhi bawa nabo kuphela. Izinaliti zithuthukisa uwoyela obalulekile futhi zishintshe. Zithuthukisa ukwakheka komoya, futhi zisize ukulwa namagciwane amancane ayingozi.
Izihlahla eziningi monkey kukhona dioecious. Ukuqhakaza kwazo kwenzeka ngemuva kokuvuthwa okugcwele, ngeminyaka engaba ngu-40-50. Ezitshalweni eziphansi zabesilisa, izimbali eziphakeme ziyaqhakaza ngama-anther amaningi. Ubude bawo bungafinyelela ku-20-25 cm. Izigaxa ezinkulu ze-oblong ezimbozwe ngesikhumba esiluhlaza zivuthwe ezihlahleni zabesifazane. Ububanzi bezigaxa buba ngamasentimitha angama-35. Ziyadliwa, njengamantongomane zikaphayini.
Ukubukwa okudumile
Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-20 zezihlahla zezinkawu zitholakala ngokwemvelo, kodwa kusetshenziswa kuphela uhlobo olulodwa, oluningi lwekhompiyutha ekulimeni kwangaphakathi.
I-Araucaria yehlukile. Isitshalo esingenakuzithoba esinokuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-50-65 nje kuphela, ovulekile, amagatsha amade atholakala esiqwini esiqondile, futhi simbozwe ngezinaliti zikaphayini. Zonke izimila ziluhlaza okotshani. Egatsheni ngalinye kunezinqubo ezimbalwa ezimbalwa ezishisa kancane kancane izinqubo ezilandelwayo. Esihlahleni esincane, amahlumela anamachashazi amachashaza aluhlaza okotshwe ngenaliti. Ubude bawo buyi-1-2 cm, futhi ububanzi bawo buyi-1 mm. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, izinaliti ziba ngunxantathu, ezifanayo nesikali esiluhlaza esiseduze. Ukuphakama kwama-flakes kungu 8-10 mm ngobubanzi be-2-4 mm.
Isihlahla senkawu yaseBrazil (araucaria emincane-ye-leved). Isitshalo esinde kakhulu esingatshalwa ekhaya. Ukuphakama kwaso kungafinyelela ku-3-4 m. Sikhula eningizimu yeBrazil. Ngaphezulu kwesiqu eside kunamagatsha amaningana anombala. Ngokubukeka, umuthi ufana nesihlahla sesundu. Umqhele wonke uhlelwe phezulu ngesimo sesambulela. Izikali ezihlaza zeLanceolate ezimnyama ziphela ngesigaqa esibukhali. Ubude bezinaliti buyi-3-6 cm, nobubanzi obuyi-5 mm. On amagatsha evundile izinaliti itholakala mkhulu. Izihlahla ezikudonsayo, iziigaxa ezinesikhumba ezibanzi zafika ku-20 cm.
I-Araucaria yaseChile. Isitshalo umuthi omude (kuze kufike ku-60 m), umuthi oqondile. Lesi sihlahla senkawu okuthiwa i-alpine sithathelwa esimweni sezulu esibandayo futhi singabekezelela iqhwa lesikhashana esifushane lize lize ku-20 ° C Amagxolo esitshalo esidala aphonswe eluhlaza. Ingaphezulu lesiqu lisimbozwe nezibazi eziningi ezishiywe emagatsheni awile. Isikali seConiferous esimeyile sikakhonkolo we-concave unobubanzi obuyi-3-4 cm nobubanzi obuyi-1-3 cm asatshalaliswa ngokuvulekile Incwajana ngayinye ingaba segatsheni iminyaka engafika kwengu-15.
Isihlahla Semonkey Hun Hunin namuhla kutholakala ngokwamasiko. Lezi zihlahla ezincane zikaKhisimusi ezazibunjiwe zithandwa kakhulu. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo le nhlobo yiNew Guinea, lapho ingakhula ibe ngamamitha angama-90 ukuphakama. Ingaphezulu kwesiqu ngisho linamachashaza amagatsha. Isikali seConiferous noma izinaliti ezincane zinobude obungu-6-12 cm nobubanzi obuyi-1.5-2 cm. Zinezisekelo ezibanzi nomaphethelo obekiwe. Izitshalo ze-Monoecious ziphethe izimbali zesilisa emagatsheni acishe abe manzi, bese kuthi izigaxa ezi-oval ezifika ku-25 cm zithole amahlumela obukhulu.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ukusakazwa kwesihlahla senkawu kwenziwa ngokuhlwanyela imbewu noma ukusikwa kwe-mizizi. Imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe ezinyangeni ezi-2 zokuqala ngemuva kokuqoqwa noma izolahlekelwa ukuqhuma. Ukutshala kwenziwa emabhodweni amancanyana embewu engu-1-2 kuleyo naleyo. Sebenzisa i-sandy peat noma isihlabathi seshidi lomhlabathi ngokufakwa kwamalahle. Imbewu yejongilanga igxiliswa enhlabathini enomswakama ngo-2-3 cm. Imbiza igcinwa emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-+20 ° C futhi umhlaba ufafazwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwamasonto angama-2-8. Isithombo sitshaliwe ngaphandle kokukhetha nokudlulisa ebhodweni elifanayo kuze kube yilapho i-rhizome igcwalisa yonke indawo yamahhala.
Okokusikwa ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli, amahlumela asikiwe, anqunywe kancane. Isilayidi kukhiqizwa kancane ngaphansi whorl. I-resin ekhishwe iyasuswa kusuka ku-bark, bese kuthiwe okusikiwe kufakwe emalahle ochotshoziwe. Ngemuva kokwelashwa ngezimpande, isiqu sitshalwe ebhodweni elincane elinesihlabathi nomhlabathi we-peat. Isithombo simbozwe ngesimbozi esibonakalayo futhi sigcinwe ekushiseni kuka +25 ° C. Inqubo yokubamba imbala ivame ukuthatha izinyanga ezimbili.
Imithetho Yokudlulisa
Imvamisa kakhulu ukufakelwa akunconywa. Kuze kube yilapho izimpande zigcwalise yonke indawo yamahhala ebhodweni, isihlahla sikhula kahle ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle. Ngaphambi kokufaka esikhundleni sesihlahla senkawu, kubalulekile ukomisa umhlabathi kancane. Inqubo ihlelwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Imbiza ebanzi enezimbobo ezansi kufanele ilungiselelwe. Okokuqala uthele ama-shards noma ama-chip wezitini.
Ukutshala inhlabathi kumele kufake lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- isihlabathi;
- umhlaba wefudu;
- Peat;
- ishidi lomhlaba;
- namalahle.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela kakhulu i-rhizome futhi usebenzise indlela yobumba yethambo. Gcina inhlabathi endala ngangokunokwenzeka.
Izici Ezikhulayo
Ukunakekela isihlahla senkawu ekhaya akuyona inkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kusho izitshalo ezingathembeki. Kufanele ukhethe indawo ekhanyayo ende ekhanya ilanga. Ukuxhumana nelanga eliqondile akulungile. Ehlobo, kunconywa ukuthatha amabhodwe ngaphandle, endaweni evikelekile emoyeni nasemvuleni. Ukuze umqhele ukhule ngokulinganayo, udinga ukuguqula umuthi 90 ° nsuku zonke. Umuthi wenkawu awuthandi ukushisa. Ukushisa komoya okuphezulu kungu-+20 ° C. Ebusika, kufanele unamathele ekushiseni kwe + 10 ... +15 ° C.
I-Araucaria kufanele iniselwe kaningi futhi kaningi unyaka wonke. Umhlaba noma kunjalo akufanele ukome ngokuphelele, kepha ngokushesha kufanele ususe amanzi ngokweqile. Umswakama ophakeme kakhulu umuthi wenkawu awudingi, kepha ukufafazwa kwamakhemikhali kwamukelekile.
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, isisombululo esibuthakathaka kakhulu somanyolo we-organic noma amaminerali singasetshenziswa njalo ngenyanga. Kubalulekile ukugcina amazinga abo we-calcium abe mancane.
Umuthi wenkawu umelana nezifo namagciwane. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-aphid, ama-mealybugs noma ama-parifites e-coniferous athile avela kuso. Isinambuzane esisebenzayo, ngokwesibonelo, i-Aktara, sizosiza ukubhekana nazo.
