IVriesia isisitshalo esingajwayelekile esine-rosette yamaqabunga esesimweni somqhele. Umhlobiso wayo oyinhloko ama-peduncle acwebezelayo okwenziwe ngesibhakabhaka, angaqhathaniswa nezimpaphe esigqokweni. Uhlobo oluningi lwesitshalo lunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-250, eziningi zazo ezifanele ukulinyelwa ngaphakathi. Ungowomndeni wakwaBromilia. Emvelweni wemvelo, ama-bush acwebile ahlala emahlathini emvula aseNingizimu Melika. IVriesia itholakala phakathi kwezintaba ezinamadwala, ezihlahleni eziphilayo noma ezibankweni. Ekhaya, uziphatha ngokulalela ngokuphelele futhi ngokunakekelwa okufanele ngonyaka ukujabulisa ngezimbali eziqhakazile.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Vriesia i-epiphyte ehlala ihlala ikhona. Ine-rhizome emfushane futhi entekenteke. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-40 kuye ku-75 cm. Amaqabunga ambalwa akha irosette ebunjwe ngethambo. Ubude bawo buyi-15-60 cm nobubanzi obuyi-4-8 cm. Ipuleti leshidi linesimo esinjengebhande elinemiphetho ebushelelezi kanye nomphetho okhomba. Ingaphezulu leshidi lephepha lingaba luhlaza obumnyama obuqinile noma libe nombala wemabula ngemisipha emhlophe, ebomvu noma nsundu.
I-inflorescence eyisicaba ngendlela yendlebe isendleleni ende elungile. Ifinyelela ekuphakameni kwe-1 m. Nayo i-spike enkulu iqukethe imigqa yama-inflorescence amancane agobhozayo. I-bud ngayinye izungezwe ama-broker acwebile noma ahlanganisiwe. Imvamisa aphuzi, i-terracotta noma obomvu. Ngokwakheka okubanzi futhi okucaba kwama-inflorescence, i-vriesia ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "inkemba yomlilo."
Izimbali zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-vriesia ziyafa ngemuva kokuphothulwa, amaqabunga omile kanye ne-peduncle. Lokhu kujwayelekile, ngemuva kwesikhashana kuvela amahlumela amancane enhlabathini. Ngemuva kokuvunda, iziqu ezincane zembewu zivuthwa esikhundleni sezimbali, lapho imbewu enendawo ecashile ecashile.
Izinhlobo zeVriesia
Emvelweni yemvelo kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-250 ze-vriesia. Emahlathini acijile ashisayo ungabona ukhaphethi oyinkimbinkimbi walezi zimbali ezinemibala ehlukene yezilwane ezinamaqabunga kanye namaqabunga. Izinhlobonhlobo zamakamelo e egumbini nazo zinhle. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-150 zilungele ukulinywa.
I-brassant vriesia (Splenriet). Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ezifanele kakhulu ukulinyelwa endlini. Amacembe aqinile e-lanceolate anezikali ezincane aqoqeka endaweni yomugqa obukhulu. Kumahlamvu aluhlaza omnyama kukhona imichilo yesipele eyindilinga. I-peduncle ende ithatha umqhele ovimba obomvu-owolintshi. Amabhulogi kabili ngonyaka: ngoFebhuwari noJuni.
Izinhlobonhlobo ziyathandwa I-Vriesia AstridLincane ngosayizi. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esiqhakaza asidluli ku-45 cm. Amaqabunga aqhelelene-lanceolate, aluhlaza okotshani. Kwisitshalo esisodwa, izimbotshana ezibomvu ezingama-5-7 zibomvu ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Vriesia Isitshalo esinezimbali ezingamahlamvu aluhlaza okhanyayo siqhakaza i-spike ethe xaxa. Ama-braly broker aphuzi noma abomvu.
I-Hieroglyphic vriesia. Lesi sitshalo esithandekayo sinamaqabunga ububanzi, asongwe. Imivimbo eluhlaza okotshani okukhanyayo okuluhlaza okotshani nokukhanya okushintshashintshayo kushintshashintsha indawo ekhazimulayo yepuleti leqabunga. I-inflorescence enjenge-spike ifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-50 cm futhi ngombala ophuzi.
Ukuzala
IVriesia isakaza ngokuhlwanyela imbewu noma ngokuhlukanisa izingane. Imbewu ingaqoqwa ngaphandle kwesitshalo esidala. Lapho zivuthwa ngokuphelele, ibhokisi uqobo liyavuleka. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu ifakwe amahora amaningi kusisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate, bese yomile futhi ihlwanyelwe enhlabathini ye-peat. Ungangezela inani elincane lesihlabathi kanye ne-sphagnum moss enhlabathini. Izitshalo zitholakala ekujuleni kuka-5-10 mm. Inhlabathi kumele ikanyiswe kancane imbozwe ngefilimu. Ukushisa okuluhlaza kugcinwa emazingeni okushisa angama- + 22 ... + 24 ° C. Faka umoya bese ufafaza inhlabathi nsuku zonke. Amahlumela avela ndawonye ngezinsuku eziyi-10-20. Ngemuva kwezinye izinyanga ezi-2, izitshalo zingatshalwa ezimbizeni ezihlukile. Izithombo zezimbali zilindelekile eminyakeni engama-2-3.
Elula kakhulu ukusakazwa okukhanyayo kwe-vriesia. Isitshalo esidala ngemuva kwezimbali sinikeza inzalo eminingi. Izingane zikhula ngokushesha futhi ezinyangeni ezi-1-2 zifinyelela engxenyeni yesithathu yokuphakama kwesitshalo esidala. Manje zingahlukaniswa ngokucophelela. Indawo esikiwe ifafazwa ngamalahle achotshoziwe. Imvamisa vele sezinezimpande ezibuthakathaka, okubalulekile ukuthi zingalimazi ngesikhathi sokufakelwa. Izitshalo zifakwa ngokushesha emabhodweni ahlukene enenhlabathi yezitshalo ezindala. Ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14, kunconyelwa ukumboza izingane ngefilimu noma ngengilazi, ukuze isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa zibe lula.
Izici Zokufakelwa
I-Vriesia inezimpande ezintekenteke, ngakho-ke, lapho ufaka, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele kakhulu. Yenza inqubo kuphela uma kunesidingo, lapho imbiza endala iba incane. Entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lesi sitshalo silayishwa kabusha esitsheni esisha. Imbiza kufanele ingajulile futhi ibanzi ngokwanele. Ungqimba obukhulu bokudonsa amanzi lubekwa phansi phansi. Izingxenye ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi:
- inhlabathi yamaqabunga;
- inhlabathi enodaka;
- Peat;
- isihlabathi somfula;
- izingcezu zegxolo likaphayini;
- sphagnum moss;
- namalahle.
Ngemuva kokutshala lesi sitshalo phezu kwenhlabathi, kunconywa ukubeka amatshe amatshe amancane noma izingcezu zokhuni.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
Ekhaya, ukunakekela i-vriesia akunzima. Kodwa-ke, njengezitshalo eziningi ezishisayo, idinga i-microclimate ekhethekile. Lesi sitshalo sesaba ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo, sikhetha ukukhanya okungafani nalutho kanye nomthunzi oyingxenye. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinamahlamvu ahlukahlukene. Kunconywa ukubeka ibhodwe empumalanga noma entshonalanga iwindi.
Izinga lokushisa lomoya elilungile le-vriesia lingu + 24 ... + 28 ° C. Ebusika, ukupholisa okuncane kuvunyelwe, kepha hhayi okuphansi kune- + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Ukugcwala ngokweqile kwenhlabathi nokuxhumana kwamaqabunga anengilazi ebandayo yewindows akufanele kuvunyelwe
Umswakama eduze kwe-vriesia kufanele ube ngu-70-80%. Kuvame ukunconywa ukufafaza umqhele ngamanzi ahlanziwe ekushiseni kwegumbi bese kusula amaqabunga othulini ngendwangu ethambile. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umswakama awutholi ku-inflorescence. Ngokuqala kwenkathi yokushisa, udinga ukususa imbiza nge-vriesia kude nomthombo wokushisa.
Kuyadingeka ukuhambisa i-vriesia kaningi ezingxenyeni ezincane. Amanzi asetshenziswa afudumele futhi ahlanzwa ngokuphelele. Kuthululelwa enkabeni yokuphuma kwamaqabunga. Ukunisela kuyaphindwa ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi yomile yomile.
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba, lesi sitshalo sivundiswa kabili ngenyanga. Umanyolo okhethekile wama-epiphytes noma we-bromilium kufanele usetshenziswe. Umthamo wokugqoka ojwayelekile wezitshalo zasendlini unqanyuliwe. Umanyolo uqedwa emanzini. Ingxenye yengxenye ithululelwa emhlabathini, kuthi ingxenye yamaqabunga ifafazwe.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ukunisela ngokweqile kungadala ukubola kwakheke ezimpandeni. Ngezibonakaliso zayo zokuqala, amahlumela nenhlabathi kungalashwa ngesisombululo se-fung fung.
Imvamisa, i-vriesia ihlaselwa yizinambuzane ezilingana ne-bromile, izibungu kanye nesicabucabu. Ukusuka kuma-parasites, aphathwa ngesixazululo se-insecticides. Ngesikhathi senqubo, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kungalimazi amaqabunga entekenteke.
