I-Tsikas isihlobo esifana nesihlahla se-fern esasikhona enkathini ye-Mesozoic. Lesi sitshalo singesomndeni wakwaSagovnikovye. Kuvamile eningizimu yeJapan, iMadagascar, Fiji kanye nezinye iziqhingi ezisogwini lwePacific. Ezweni lethu, kukhula ekhaya noma ezivandeni zasebusika. Ngaphandle, i-cicada enamaqabunga ayo ifana nesundu, eyathola igama elithi "saga palm". Waziwa nangamagama "cicada Revolution" noma "cycas". Ukuthandwa kwaso kusanda kukhula kakhulu. Ngenxa yokukhula kancane nokudla okusakazwa imifino, lesi sitshalo sibukeka kahle endlini nasehhovisi.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Tsikas ingukuqhakaza okukhula kancane kancane. Uhlelo lwayo lwezimpande luwuhlobo lwe-bulb enkulu. Phezu kobuso benhlabathi kukhona isiqu esikhulu futhi esikhulu. Inomsuka omkhulu kanye namagxolo aminyene aminyene. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo emvelweni kufinyelela ku-10 m, futhi isiqu sobubanzi si-1-1.5 m. Ekhaya, imbali yama-cicadas ingama-50-200 cm ukuphakama. Ukukhula kwesiqu sonyaka kungama-cm angama-2-3 kuphela.
Ama-rosette amaqabunga ahlelwe ngaphezulu kwesiqu. I-Cirrus kanye namahlamvu aphindaphindwe kabili afana namafern fern. Amacembe amancane apendwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi oluhlaza. Ekuqaleni zinendawo ethambile, kepha kancane kancane iba mnyama futhi ilukhuni. Amaqabunga amadala abantu abadala afinyelela kubude bamamitha angama-2-3. Ngamunye uphila cishe iminyaka engama-2-3.
I-Tsikas isitshalo esijwayelekile, okungukuthi, kukhona abantu besilisa nabesifazane. Ezitshalweni zezinsikazi, kufakwa izigaxa ezinkulu ezinsundu phezulu esiqwini. Ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esiningi sembewu evundile enesikhumba esihle. Ubude bawo buyi-3-5 cm. Ukuqhakaza kwama-cicas ekhaya cishe akwenzeki. Uma i-cicada iqhume, kungenzeka ukuthi uthole imbewu efanelekile ukukusakazwa kuphela ngokufakelwa kwezinto ezingcolile kanye nokugcinwa kwemvelo eluhlaza.
Izinhlobo ze-Cycas
Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinamakhulu amabili zibhalisiwe kuhlobo lwe-cicas. Abanye babo bafa bengakenzeki kwemvelo futhi yaziwa kuphela ngocwaningo lwabavubukuli. Ngokwesiko, ungathola izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili. Amakhophi alandelayo aziwa kakhulu.
ICicas noma uCycas. Lesi sitshalo sineziqu ezilinganayo ezingafika kumamitha ayi-3 ukuphakama. Amahlamvu angenasici se-pinnate afinyelela kumamitha amabili ubude aqukethe ama-lobes amancane aluhlaza okotshani. Amaqabunga aqondile agoba kancane ngaphandle, ngakho-ke izinhlobonhlobo kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi "i-cicada egobekile." Amapheshana amancane apendwe lula futhi ambozwe nge-pubescence emfushane. Amapuleti amaqabunga abantu abadala anendawo enzima ecwebezelayo. Izinhlobo zamaseli phezulu kwesiqu. Kuma-inflorescence angamaduna, ama-flakes fitensensens. Ubude bawo buyi-70-80 cm nobubanzi obufika ku-15 cm. Izigaxa zabesifazane zimbozwe nge-orange pubescence futhi zinendawo evulekile kakhudlwana.
Tsikas Rumfa. Ukubuka okukhulu kakhulu. Isiqu saso singakhula ngo 8-16 m. Umqhele uqukethe izisekelo zamaqabunga afanayo. I-petiole ngayinye eyi-1.8-2 m ubude inamaqabunga acashile anesikhumba esicacile esingu-30 cm no-2 cm ububanzi.
Cicas curled. Isitshalo sibonisa ngamahlamvu amnyama futhi aminyene. Kuyi-petiole ngayinye efinyelela kumamitha amabili ubude, kunobotshani obuluhlaza obungamashumi ayisithupha. Ngayinye yazo i-20-25 cm ubude ne-1.5 cm ububanzi.
I-Tsikas Siamese - Ifomu eliphansi elinamahlumela otshani. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esidala akudluli ku-cm ayi-180. Isiqu sinokuqina kuphela engxenyeni engezansi, kanti ngaphezulu sifana nesiqu esincanyana. Amapheshana ama-Narrow atholakale kwi-petiole ngobude obungekho ngaphezu kuka-1 m. Bahlelwe ukusuka phakathi kuya ekugcineni. Ubude beqabunga bungama-8-10 cm. Ingaphezulu lepuleti leqabunga linombala omhlophe okotshani.
Ama-Tsikas amaphakathi. Isiqu salo muthi singakhula amamitha ayi-7 ukusuka emhlabathini. Ingaphezulu layo lihlotshiswe ngerosette eliqabunga lamaqabunga. Ngemuva kokuthola ukwelashwa okukhethekile, imbewu yesitshalo ingasetshenziswa njengokudla.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ukuzala kabusha i-cicas kungenzeka ngosizo lwembewu noma lwezingane. Njengoba cishe kungenzeki ukuthola imbewu ngokwakho, ungazithenga esitolo esikhethekile. Kubalulekile ukuqapha usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, ngoba ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-1-2, ukuhluma kwehlisiwe. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu ifakwe emanzini kosuku olufudumele. Ngemuva kwalokho, zisakazwa embizeni ene-perlite emanzi. Akudingekile ukujula imbewu ngokuqinile, mane ucindezele kancane emhlabathini. Isitsha sibekwe endaweni ekhanyayo enamazinga okushisa komoya angaphansi kwe- + 25 ° C. Inhlabathi umswakama njengoba kudingeka. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1-1,5. Lapho kuvela iqabunga elilodwa langempela ezitshalweni, zidluliselwa ngokucophelela zibe ngamabhodwe aphakathi nendawo, zingene emhlabathini wezitshalo zabantu abadala.
Kwesinye isikhathi amahlumela wesiqu avela kuma-ciccas amadala. Inqubo enjalo kufanele isikwe ngommese obukhali, uqaphele ukuthi ungalimazi isitshalo sikamama. Onke amaqabunga asuswa esiqwini. Ingxenye engezansi nendawo eyonakalisiwe yesitshalo esidala iphathwa kuqala nge-fungicide bese kuthi ngamalahle achotshoziwe. I-Rooting yenziwa nge-perlite emanzi. Gcina okusikiwe egumbini elinomswakama okushisa komoya we + 30 ° C. Kubalulekile ukuvikela isitshalo elangeni eliqondile. Inqubo yokubamba imbala ingathatha izinyanga ezi-4,9. Lapho izimpande zikhula futhi amaqabunga amasha eqala ukuvela, i-cicada ingadluliselwa ebhodweni lomhlaba.
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo
Ukufakelwa kwe-cicasus kwenziwa njalo eminyakeni eyi-2-3. Inqubo ihlelelwe intwasahlobo noma ihlobo. Uma amaqabunga amancane eqala ukuvela, ukufakelwa kufanele kubambezeleke. Imbiza ye-cicas ikhethiwe ibanzi xaxa kunangaphambili. Kufanele kube kujule ngokwanele futhi kuzinze.
Umhlabathi kumele ube acidic kancane, ukukhanya futhi kukhishwe kahle. Kubalulekile ukuvikela i-alkalization yenhlabathi, ngaphandle kwalokho izakhi zomzimba ngeke zisadonswa yi-rhizome. Izinto zokwakha amanzi akufanele zibekwe hhayi phansi kwembiza kuphela, kodwa nangaphansi komhlaba uqobo. Ungasebenzisa inhlabathi evundile yengadi, exutshwe namatshe amatshe amancane nesihlabathi.
Imithetho yokunakekelwa kwasekhaya
Ukunakekela ama-cicas ekhaya kudinga umzamo omncane. Isitshalo silungele abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuphakathi.
Isibani Isitshalo esidala sidinga ukukhanyiswa okukhulu. Akusabi ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo. Ukubekwa, ama-windowsill aseningizimu kufanelekile. Ebusika, ukukhanyisa okungeziwe kuzodingeka ukuhlinzeka intende ngamahora okukhanya kwasemini amahora ayi-12-14. Uma ukukhanya kungenele, amapheshana amancane azoma ukuthuthukisa. Zingahle ziphuzi noma zome ngokuphelele.
Ukushisa I-Tsikas iyakwazi ukubekezelela ukushisa okukhulu kakhulu. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo sinconywa ukuthatha umoya omusha. Ingafakwa endaweni ekhanyisiwe, kepha ijwayele kancane kancane ezimeni ezintsha. Ebusika, kunconyelwa ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomoya liye ku + 12 ... + 17 ° C. Lapho ikhule endaweni evulekile, imbali ingabekezelela iqhwa lesikhashana, kepha ingxenye yamahlamvu iyawa.
Ukunisela. I-Tsikas iyamelana nesomiso. Phakathi kokunisela, inhlabathi kufanele isomile isigamu noma ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokhu, lesi sitshalo siniselwa kakhulu ngamanzi afudumele, ahlanzwe kahle. Njengoba umhlaba udlula ngokushesha amanzi, kunconywa ukuwunisela ngamanzi ngezigaba ezimbili ngokunqunyelwa kwemizuzu eminingana. Ngemuva kokunisela, wonke amanzi ngokweqile athululelwa isobho.
Umanyolo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba. Ukuze umunce umanyolo, i-cicasus idinga ukukhanya okukhulu. Ngaphansi kwemisebe eqondile yelanga ehlobo kuphela lesi sitshalo esikwazi ukudonsa umthamo ophelele womanyolo wamaminerali. Ngokukhanyisa okunganele, kusetshenziswa uhhafu noma ikota yokusebenzela. Kwama-cicas, ukuntuleka kokugqoka okuphezulu kungcono kunokungaphezulu.
Izifo nezinambuzane. I-Tsikas ayamelana nezifo nezinambuzane. Ngokunakekelwa okungafanele isikhathi eside kuphela angahlushwa ukubola nokubumba. Kuma-parasites, lesi sitshalo sihlushwa izinambuzane ezisezingeni, ama-mealybug kanye nesicabucabu. Ama-insecticides anamuhla azosiza ukuqeda ngokushesha izinambuzane.
