IMaranta ingotshani obungajwayelekile obungumndeni womndeni wakwaMarantov. Inani layo eliyinhloko amaqabunga amakhulu anephethini emangalisayo. Ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi lesi yisitshalo esiphilayo. Okwezichashazi ezihambisana nenani lemiyalo esebhayibhelini, ikhanda lomcibisholo libizwa ngokuthi "ukuthandaza noma utshani bomkhuleko", "umhambi", "inkosazana yexoxo." Izwe lakubo lingamahlathi aseBrazil athambile, lapho lesi sitshalo sihlala khona izindawo ezinkulu. Ungesabi ukubukeka okungajwayelekile, ekunakekelweni kwasekhaya nge-arrowroot kungenzeka kumlimi ngisho nangolwazi oluncane.
Izici ze-Botanical
UMaranta umuthi ongapheli onomthi onamagatsha anamanzi. Kwifomu elincanyana le-engome ama-nodule. Ziqukethe inani elikhulu lesitashi futhi zisetshenziswa ekudleni. Isiqu sesitshalo esincane sinomlingiswa oqondile, kodwa njengoba sikhula ngobude, siqala ukushona size emhlabathini. Ukukhula minyaka yonke kuncane, ukuphakama kwesihlahla esidala akudluli ku-60 cm.Kwakhiwa amaqabunga amasha ayisithupha ngonyaka.
Amahlamvu we-Petiole ngombala oluhlaza okomnyama noma umbala obhulowu akhula ngababili. Inesimo esibelethweni ngomphetho oyindilinga. Kunezinhlobonhlobo futhi ezinamahlamvu agqanyisiwe enhliziyo. Imithambo ehlanganisiwe ephakathi neyemuva itholakala emaphepheni. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, afingqa ngemigqa emincane yokuqhathanisa ukhilimu, okuluhlaza okotshani noma okumhlophe. Ngenkathi izithunzi eziluhlaza ezigcwele sathela ohlangothini lwangaphambili lwepheshana leqabunga, upinki, ulamula noma umbala omhlophe ubusa ohlangothini lwangemuva. Ubude beshidi yi-10-15 cm, futhi ububanzi buyi-5-9 cm.
Emini, amaqabunga ayajika, obizwa ngokuthi "umkhuleko wekhanda." Kusihlwa, amaqabunga awaveli, njengefeni, futhi akhombise uhlangothi lwawo oluphansi, kuthi ekuseni baphinde baphinde baphinde bakhombise iphethini elikhanyayo.
Izimbali zenzeka ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Ama-inflorescence angavamile ukwethuka avela phezulu kwesiqu se-arrowroot. Amacembe amancane ezimbali angaba mhlophe, aphuzi noma apinki. Vele, izimbali ezincane azikwazi ukuncintisana namahlamvu amangalisayo. Ngemuva kokuvunda, kwakheka ama-bunchi enhlanganisela endaweni yezimbali.
Izinhlobo ze-arrowroot
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingama-25 ze-arrowroot nezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlobisa.
I-arrowroot yi-tricolor (tricolor). Lesi sitshalo sithandwa kakhulu. Imibala emithathu ikhona kwipuleti leqabunga ngasikhathi sinye: ibumnyama (elihlala lipinki) eliphakathi nendawo, umehluko ohlukile wemithambo nokukhanya okukhanyayo. Kukulesi zinhlobo ukuthi izindawo eziyi-10 zingahlukaniswa ngenani lemiyalo. Abanye bathi le ndlela ifana neheleza lezinhlanzi.
I-arrowroot yimisindo emibili. Lesi sitshalo sinamaqabunga okusaqanda aze afike ku-15 cm ubude. I-petiole kanye nengaphansi kweqabunga kupinki futhi kumbozwe nge-pubescence ethambile. Ingaphezulu lepuleti leshidi libushelelezi futhi luhlaza ngemiphetho egqamile.
I-arrowroot imhlophe qwa. Isitshalo esinotshani esine-strooping stalk esingafika kuma-30 cm ubude sithwala amaqabunga amakhulu amise okwenhliziyo. Ngasohlangothini lwayo lwangaphambili, ngemuva kwesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okotshani, kutholakala imithambo emhlophe emincane. Emuva linombala obomvu.
I-Reed arrowroot. Lesi sitshalo esikhulu (esibalelwa ku-130 cm ukuphakama) sineziqu ezixineneyo eziqinile. Izimpande zimbozwe kakhulu nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Amaqabunga ama-ovoid aphambili onqenqemeni olukhonjisiwe apendwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukuzala
I-arrowroot ingasakazwa ngezindlela eziningi:
- Ukuhlwanyela imbewu. Izithombo ziqala ukukhula ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungiselela ibhokisi elibanzi elinesihlabathi esimanzi se-peat. Imbewu isatshalaliswa emithonjeni futhi ichotshozwe kancane inhlabathi. Amahlumela avela zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-5-16. Isizini yonke ekhulayo kufanele inakekelwe ekushiseni kuka + 15 ... + 19 ° C. Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga ama-2-3 zigaxela ezimbizeni ezihlukene.
- Ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Isitshalo esidala siyabhalwa futhi sikhululwe emhlabathini. Izimpande zigawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze ekwahlukanisweni ngakunye kube neziqubu eziningana namaqabunga ayi-2-3. Amaphuzu asikiwe afafazwa ngamalahle achotshoziwe futhi ngokushesha atshalwe emhlabathini omncane, omanzi omncane.
- Ukusika kwe-midzi Ukusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba, ungasika kusuka ku-arrowroot yabantu abadala inqubo eyi-8-10 cm ubude ngamaqabunga angama-2-3 anempilo. Imboze emanzini amasonto ama-4-5. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwe-rhizome ephelele, ukusika kuyatshalwa emhlabathini we-peaty futhi kugcinwe endaweni efudumele nenomswakama.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Ukunakekela i-arrowroot akudingi mzamo omkhulu, ekhaya kubalulekile kuye ukuthi akhethe indawo efanele. Zonke izitshalo ezixubile zidinga ukukhanya okugqamile, okufiphalisiwe. Ngaphandle kwawo, umdwebo omuhle uyaphela. Kodwa-ke, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile iMarante i-contraindified. Ebusika, ama-bush adinga ukukhanyiselwa ukuhlinzeka amahora we-daylight wehora elingama-16.
Kumakamelo ashisa kakhulu, i-arrowroot ikhula kabi. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lembali ngu + 22 ... + 24 ° C. Ebusika, ukupholisa kuvunyelwe kuze kufike ku- + 15 ° C, kepha izimo ezinjalo azenziwanga ngokwenziwe ngamabomu. Isitshalo asidingi isikhathi sokuphumula.
Umswakama osendlini nge-arrowroot kufanele ube phezulu. Ngokufanelekile, ingafinyelela ku-90%. Kunconywa ukufafaza amaqabunga kaningana ngosuku, sebenzisa ama-humidifera bese ubeka amabhodwe eduze kwama-aquariums, i-tray ngamatshe abolile. Ngokufafaza, kufanele usebenzise amanzi ahlanziwe ukuze i-limescale ingonakalisi ukubukeka kwamaqabunga.
Udinga ukunisela isitshalo njalo, njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4. Ngokushisa okunciphayo, igebe leli liyakhuphuka. Umswakama owengeziwe kufanele ushiye ibhodwe ngokukhululeka, ipani futhi kufanele likhishwe. Amanzi okunisela kufanele afudumele kancane kunokushisa komoya. Kufanele ivikelwe kahle futhi igcotshwe kancane ngejusi kalamula.
UMaranta udinga ukondliwa njalo. Ngo-Ephreli-Septhemba, kabili ngenyanga, izingoma zamaminerali zezitshalo zasendlini ezinamahlamvu wokuhlobisa asetshenziswa enhlabathini. Umthamo oboniswe kwiphakheji akufanele wedlule. Ngomthamo omningi womanyolo, i-arrowroot ingafa.
Imbali iyatshalwa ngonyaka. Ibhodwe lithathwa banzi, kepha hhayi ngokujula kakhulu. Izimbobo nezinto zokudonsa (amatshe amatshe, amashidi, udaka olwandisiwe) ziyimpoqo ezansi. Umhlabathi we-arrowroot wakhiwa ngezinto ezinjalo:
- umhlaba wamashidi (izingxenye ezi-2);
- amaqabunga ama-humus (ingxenye eyi-1);
- umhlaba we-coniferous (1 ingxenye);
- isihlabathi somfula (1 ingxenye).
Kuyasiza ukwengeza izingcezu ezincane zamalahle ezingxenyeni zenhlabathi ukuvikela ukukhula kokubola.
Ekupheleni kobusika, kunconywa ukunquma i-arrowroot ukuze wakhe isihlahla esiphakemeyo, esiphansi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, iziqu eminyakeni eyi-3-4 zinwetshwa kakhulu futhi zivezwe.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, i-arrowroot kuyaqabukela ihlushwa izifo zezitshalo namagciwane. Emakamelweni abandayo kakhulu, ngokukhukhula kwenhlabathi okuvamisile, ukubola kwezimpande kungakheka ezimpandeni. Ungaphunyuka kuwo ngokufakelwa ngokususwa kwezindawo ezithintekile zesitshalo. I-Rhizome nenhlabathi ziphathwa umuthi we-antifungal.
Uma igumbi selomile kakhulu, ingozi yokutheleleka nge-spider mite iyanda. Kunzima ukuthola, kepha izinkomba ezincane kakhulu emaqabungeni kanye ne-cobweb encane emaphethelweni iyabonakala ngokushesha. Abanye abalimi bathanda ukusebenzisa amakhambi emvelo ngendlela yesisombululo sensipho, kepha ama-insecticides asebenza kakhudlwana.
