I-Shepherdia isihlahla esidala ukuhluma esiphuma emndenini wakwaSucker. Ikhula eNyakatho Melika, kepha itshalwe ngempumelelo eYurophu. I-Shepherdia yaziwa nangokuthi "i-buffalo berry" noma "isigaxa sensipho." Ngokubukeka, umalusi ufana kakhulu ne-sea sihlahla sivame ukutholakala, kepha izithelo zezitshalo ziqukethe izakhamzimba eziningi futhi zinambitheka kamnandi. Akunzima ukunakekela isihlahlana, sizokwethula njalo umnikazi ngesivuno esiningi futhi sijabule ngokubukeka okuhle. Kwanele ukugcina imithetho embalwa elula ekunakekelweni, ukuze i-Shepherdia ibihlobisa ingadi amashumishumi eminyaka.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Shepherdia isitshalo sangaphambi kwesihlahla somhluzi esingama-3-7 m ukuphakama. Amafomu e-evergreen nama-deciduous atholakala kuhlobo. Amagatsha Amancanyana ambozwe ngamagxolo aqinile aphuzi. Zihlotshiswe kakhulu kulo lonke ubude futhi zimbozwe ngemijiko emide. Amagatsha ahlangana kakhulu futhi akhothamele phansi, akha uthango olungenakunqotshwa.
Amahlumela ambozwe amaqabunga aluhlaza aqukethe i-lanceolate noma ama-oval green green. I-Foliage kuma-petioles amafushane aphambene. Ubude bendawo yamaqabunga aminyene buyi-4-7 cm.Nhlangothi zombili noma ngaphansi kuphela okukhona okuhlanganisa isiliva ngesimo esifushane se-scaly villi.
Kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, izimbali eziqhakaza izimbali ezincane, ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescences abunjwe ngespike. Izimbali zenzeka ngaphambi kwamaqabunga. Ama-buds anamathiselwe amahlumela ngama-pedicel amafushane; amboza amagatsha ngokunamandla. I-Shepherdia isitshalo esihlukanisayo, okungukuthi, kunezimo ezithile kuphela ezinezimbali zowesilisa noma zowesifazane. Ukufeza izithelo, kuyadingeka ukutshala okungenani isitshalo esisodwa sowesilisa engadini yabantu besifazane abangama-7-10. Ama-buds wabesifazane avula kancane ngaphambi kwabesilisa. Ukuwohloka kwemvelo kwenzeka ngosizo lwezinambuzane, emva kwalokho amajikijolo amancane ayindilinga avuthwe.
Phezu kwesikhumba esibomvu se-Drupes kunamachashazi amhlophe amaningi amhlophe. Inyama edliwayo inokunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu. Ngenxa ye-astringency emenyezelwe, izithelo ze-Shepherdia zivame ukudliwa hhayi ngendlela eluhlaza, kepha njengengxenye yezimbiza, i-jellies kanye ne-compotes. Izithelo zigcinwa emagatsheni kuze kube yiqhwa. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi libenza babe mnene futhi baba mnandi. Ngaphakathi iqukethe kuphela imbewu ethambile. Ukuqhakaza nezithelo kwenzeka eminyakeni engama-2-3 ngemuva kokutshala. Ama-Drupes avuthiwe aphulwe kalula kusuka kumagatsha, okusiza ukuvunwa. Isitshalo esisodwa singakhiqiza kuze kufike ku-15 kg wezithelo ngonyaka.
Izinhlobo ezivamile
Uhlobo oluncane lwe-Shepherdus lunezinhlobo ezi-3 kuphela.
Umelusi yisiliva. Uhlobo luthole igama lazo ngokuthi yi-whitish pubescence etholakala emagatsheni amancane kanye namaqabunga ezinhlangothini zombili. Lesi sihlahla somunga singakhula sifinyelele kumamitha ayi-6 ukuphakama. Izimbali ziqala maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ezitshalweni zesilisa, izimbali ziqoqwa ngama-spikelets amancane. Ama-buds wabesifazane atholakala ngokucula. NgoSepthemba, izithelo ziyavuthwa - amajikijolo abomvu noma aphuzi-owolintshi. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Goldeneye zokuhlobisa zithandwa kakhulu. Izithelo ezivuthiwe kuzo zipendwe ophuzi obukhanyayo.
UMelusi waseCanada. Leli fomu lifana nesihlahla esikhulayo. Amagatsha embozwe ngamagxolo ansundu. Ingxenye ephezulu yamaqabunga ibushelelezi, iluhlaza okotshani. Amapheshana angaphansi embozwe ngenqwaba yesiliva nezikali eziphuzi. Maphakathi no-Ephreli, izimbali ezincane eziluhlaza ophuzi ziyaqhakaza. NgoSepthemba, amajikijolo abomvu amnyama ama-oblong ama-4-8 mm avuthiwe.
UMelusi uhamba yedwa. Izinhlobo zakha isihlahla eside. Amagatsha ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile. Zimbozwe kakhulu ngamaqabunga aluhlaza oyindilinga. Phezu kwepuleti leqabunga eliminyene, ukukhula okubonakalayo kwe-warty kuyabonakala. Izinhlobo zitholakala ngezimbali eziningi kakhulu nezithelo. Ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo, amagatsha awela phansi emhlabathini. I-Round-leaf Shepherd cishe ayenzeki ngaphandle kweColorado Plateau.
Ukuzala
I-Shepherdia ingandiswa ngezindlela eziningi.
- Ukuhlwanyela imbewu. Imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe ngoNovemba endaweni evulekile. Afakwe enhlabathini aze afike ekujuleni kuka-1.5-3 cm. Ebusika, kunconywa ukumboza indawo okuhlwanyelwa kuyo ngeqhwa. Maphakathi no-Ephreli, amahlumela okuqala azoqala ukuvela. NgoSepthemba, ubude bezithombo buzoba ngu-10-15 cm. Uma kunesidingo, badluliselwa endaweni engapheli. Ukuqhakaza nezithelo kulindeleke eminyakeni engama-4-6.
- Ukusika kwe-midzi Le ndlela yinhle ngoba ikuvumela ukuthi unqume ngokushesha isitshalo sowesilisa nowesifazane. Ukuze ubambe kahle, khetha ukusika okuluhlaza okwenziwe ngama-2-3 efihlekile. Ubude bawo buhlala buyi-8 ukuya ku-12 cm. Ngosuku lokuqala, amagatsha agcinwa eKornevin, abese atshalwa esihlabathini nasenhlabathini enamakhaza. Leli hlumela kufanele lijule ngo-3-4 cm. Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, abasiki bayoba nezimpande eziqinile futhi bangatshalwa engadini endaweni ehlala njalo.
- Umnyango wezinqubo zezimpande. Minyaka yonke, izingane eziningana zakheka ezimpandeni ze-Shepherdia. NgoMashi-Ephreli, izitshalo eziqinile zingatshalwa kusuka esihlahleni esikhulu ziye endaweni entsha. Ukufakelwa nakho kungahlelelwa ukuwa kwangaphambili.
Ukunakekelwa Kwamalusi
I-Shepherdia ayithobeki futhi ivumelana nezimo zokuphila. Ingakhula kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, kepha kuyanconywa ukwengeza isihlabathi noma amatshe agqoke enhlabathini esindayo ukuze kukhishwe amanzi kangcono. Ukwenza izithelo kwakukuningi, futhi amajikijolo amnandi ngokwedlulele, kufanele ukhethe indawo evulekile nelanga. Zonke izinhlobo ze-Shepherdia ziyamelana namakhaza futhi azidingi indawo yokuhlala ebusika. Okusalungiswa nakho akwesabi izitshalo.
I-Shepherdia iyamelana nesomiso futhi ayithandi ukwenziwa kwenhlabathi enamanzi. Imvamisa uba nemvula yemvelo eyanele. Isimo sezulu esinde kuphela, esishisayo nesomile, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, lapho izihlahla zinganiselwa ngengxenye yemanzi ejwayelekile.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe okujwayelekile, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukhula njalo nokukhulula inhlabathi. Le nqubo izovumela umoya ungene ezimpandeni. Kufanele kuthathwe ngokucophelela ukuze kususwe ukhula futhi kudambise inhlabathi, ngoba izimpande ziseduze kakhulu nenhlabathi.
Ukuze alondoloze ukubukeka okuhle, umalusi kufanele anqunywe. Engadini, ukuphakama kwezitshalo kuvame ukukhawulelwa kumamitha amabili. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukunakekela nokuvuna. Kufanele futhi usinciphise umqhele, ngaphandle kwalokho amagatsha ayogaywa futhi ancike emhlabathini.
Tshala ekwakhiweni komhlaba
Amahlohlo aminyene omalusi akhangwa ngamahlamvu esalvery nezithelo ezibomvu. Babukeka kahle ngemuva kwesizinda se-conifers, kanye nezihlahlana ezinamahlamvu abomvu (i-barberry, i-snowdrop, i-weigela). Isitshalo sisetshenziselwa kalula ukudala uthango oluhlaza ezungeze uzungu lwensimu. Amafomu aphansi alungele ukudala isizinda engadini yezimbali.
Izici eziwusizo
Amajikijolo omalusi aholele enanini le-ascorbic acid. Ngaphezu kwakho, izithelo ziqukethe:
- ama-tannins;
- amavithamini A, P, E;
- i-pectin;
- ama-organic acid.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo zokwalusa kusiza ekuqiniseni amasosha omzimba, ukunakekela isimo semikhumbi, kanye nokwenza kube nomfutho wegazi ngokwejwayelekile. Amajikijolo angadliwa aluhlaza, enziwa kuwo ama-tincture otshwala, bese epheka zonke izinhlobo zamososo, ujamu kanye nokugcinwa. Ungumkhiqizo wokudla ukwedlula umuthi, ngakho-ke awunakho ukwephulwa. Ukuqapha kufanele kusetshenziswe kuphela ngabantu abajwayela ukusabela komzimba.
