Yini enye i-Alternaria? Izimpawu ezitshalweni ezihlukahlukene, izindlela zokulwa

I-Alternaria yisifo esivamile esithinta izitshalo ezihlukahlukene ezingeni ezahlukene zokuthuthukiswa. Lesi sifo sikhiqizwa isikhunta esingaphelele sohlobo lwe-Alternaria.

Elinye igama le-Alternaria lomsindo omnyama noma omnyama. Itholakala yonke indawo, kodwa umonakalo ovela kulokhu isifo esiyingozi kakhulu kubonakala ezindaweni eziseningizimu.

Indlela yokubona isifo emazweni ahlukahlukene, uzofunda esihlokweni sethu. Siphakamisa futhi ukubukela ividiyo ewusizo esihlokweni.

Kuyini?

Ukudlwengula okumnyama kubangelwa ngu-Alternaria spp.. Kulesi siko, ingxenye engezansi yesitshalo ithinteka kuqala, bese isifo sifana phezulu. Amabala amnyama angathuthuka ku-:

• i-pods;
• iziqu;
• amaqabunga.

Kuphi futhi kubonakala kanjani?

Lesi sifo sizenza sizizwe esiteji sokubukeka kwemifino futhi siqhubeka sonke isikhathi sehlobo. I-Alternaria ibonakala kwezinye izingxenye zesitshalo ngendlela yamabala omnxeba namancane, lapho izicubu ezifile zibonakala khona. Amabala obuhlaza obunobumba obumnyama, obandakanya izinhlamvu ze-fungus, akhiwa ezindaweni ezilimazekile.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezihle, lezi zindawo ziba izinsuku ezibonakalayo ezingu-2-3 ngemuva kwesilonda. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-2 zibonakala njengezinhlamvu ezimpunga ezinezingxenye ezihamba phambili nezingezansi. Izingxenye ezonakalisiwe ziba yizinkathazo futhi ziphahlazeka..

I-Alternaria iqala uma ishintsha isimo sezulu esomile ngesikhukhula samanzi noma imvula. Ukushisa okungcono kunazo zonke ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kuyinto + 24 ° C-30 ° C, ubuncane - + 7 ° C.

Yini eyingozi?

Ingozi ye-Alternaria ukudlulisa izinhlamvu ezitshalweni ezinempilo.. Benza lokhu:

1. izinambuzane;
2. izimvula;
3. umoya

KUBALULEKILE: Ama-Spores angaphikelela isikhathi eside ezitshalweni nasehlabathini, eqhubeka nokutheleleka okunye okuyisisekelo. Lesi sifo siholela ekulahlekelweni kwe-50%.

Yimiphi imikhuba ehlabayo?

Lesi sifo sithinta kakhulu amasiko alandelayo:

• utamatisi kanye iklabishi;
• amazambane kanye ne-ithanga;
• pepper kanye ne-sunflower;
• ama-eggplant kanye ne-zucchini;
• amagilebhisi namabele;
• izaqathe kanye anyanisi;
• i-henbane ne-belladonna;
• i-dope nogwayi;
• i-petunia hybrid, njll.
• umndeni we-nightshade.

Ungayithola kanjani?

I-Alternaria ingatholwa yizici ezilandelayo. Phezu kwesitshalo kukhona izindawo ezihluke ngokucacile kusuka enxenyeni enempilo. Zinezindawo ezimnyama zobunjwa obungavamile. Ngokuvamile imibimbi ibumba phezulu. Ukushintshanisa ku-Alternaria kwenzeka njengokubola okumile..

Izimiso ezijwayelekile zokuvikela nokulawula

Kunezinyathelo ezijwayelekile kuzo zonke izitshalo ukuvikela nokulwa nalesi sifo esibi. Lezi zihlanganisa:

1. ukujikeleza kwezitshalo;
2. ukulawula ukhula;
3. izinsalela zokutshala ngokucophelela;
4. Ukusetshenziswa kwembewu enempilo enomphefumulo futhi eqhubekayo;
5. ukugqoka imbewu;
6. ukwelashwa kwe-fungicidal.

Ukwelashwa nge-fungicides kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ze-Alternaria zivele ezitshalweni.

Izici zokuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwezinye izimo

Ukutholakala kokuma okusheshayo nokwephuzile kwenzeka. Ngamabala okuqala, ezinsukwini ezingu-15-20 ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali, ukuqala okucacile ngefomu eliqhakazayo, elihlanganisa nesilonda esinamandla futhi amaqabunga aphuzi. Esikhathini esizayo, bayomiswa. Uma lesi sifo sithinte iziqu, izilonda zitholakala kuzo. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi sitshalo sizobuna ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

On utamatisi

Kulawo utamatisi, lesi sifo sisho indawo engcolile noma eyomile.. Imelela ingozi esitshalweni, ibonakala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba izithombo zamatamatisi zitshalwe endaweni yokushisa noma inhlabathi evulekile.

Lesi sifo kulula ukuvimbela, siqinisekise ukuthi kungenzeka ukulahleka kwesitshalo. Kubalulekile ukuhlanza izinsalela zemifino bese ulandela imithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo. Ngokusho kwabo, utamatisi akufanele itshalwe endaweni lapho atshalwe khona ngaphambili:

• amazambane;
• i-pepper;
• iklabishi;
• amaqabunga.

Kufanele kube nokuhlukaniswa kwendawo phakathi kwamatamatisi namazambane.

On amazambane

I-Alternariosis ezitshalweni zempande ivela ikakhulu phakathi noJuni futhi igcine kuze kube sekwindla.. Lesi sifo sithanda izinhlobo eziphakathi kwesikhathi. Ngemuva kokuthi iziqu kanye namaqabunga abonakaliswe, kukhona ukwehla kokukhula kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, okubuye kuhlanganiswe namabala amnyama, noma ngisho nokuyeka ukwakha.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Alternaria kufanelwe ngu:

1. ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen;
2. ukuvuza umswakama, okwakudlula amahora angama-2 ngokulandelana;
3. ukuba khona kwenkambiso yezinambuzane.

Ngaphambi kokutshala lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa, kunconywa ukuba ziphathwe ngamalungiselelo anjalo:

• I-Baktofit;
• I-Integral;
• I-Ridomil Gold;
• I-Acrobat;
• Okusheshayo

Ukwelashwa kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle kwesikhathi sezulu esivumelekile ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo.. Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zenziwa ngekhefu lezinsuku ezingu-10-14.

Ngokolweni

I-Alternaria yezitshalo zikakolweni iqala ukuzibonakalisa ngesikhathi sezimbali futhi lapho okusanhlamvu kugcwele ukuvuthwa okumbi. Lokhu kungabonakala ezindaweni ezimnyama ezivela esikalini se-spikelet. Emva kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu, ukugqunywa kwe-embryo kubonakala. Ukukhula okuvela kule gciwane kunombala omnyama futhi kunezimfanelo ezincane zokubhaka. Izimila ezikhulile ezivela kulezi zimbewu azikhulumi kahle futhi zithuthukise, okuholela ekunciphiseni isivuno. Izindlela zomzabalazo zifana nezamanye amasiko.

Emagilebhisi

Izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo samagilebhisi zenzeka ngoMeyi.. Amabala esiliva alula avela emaqabeni namahlumela. Isikhumba samajikijolo siqala ukukhanyela, bese kufaka amaflegi amnyama amaflegi kuwo. Baye bavuna, bayeke ukuvuthwa, bafe, kanye nalabo abasavuthiwe, bathole ukunambitheka okungathandeki.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Alternaria amagilebhisi basebenzisa izidakamizwa:

• I-Ridomil Gold;
• I-Oxy;
• I-Garth

On the sunflower

Lesi sifo senziwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesithombo, ngokuvamile kuvame ngezinsuku ezingu-20-25 ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali. Ngemuva kwebhasikidi kanye ne-axis eyandisiwe ye-inflorescence ibonakala indawo enqamule yama-oval, eqhubeka ngaphezulu. Kunqotshwa kancane kancane izicubu zangaphakathi zebhasikidi kanye nesitshalo sonke.

Ngenxa yalokho, izakhi ziyeke ukugeleza ezihlwini, ibhasikidi liba mnyama. Amabhasikidi kanye nembewu baba puny, ngokuvamile ukutheleleka kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi i-stems break and the plant dies.

Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-sunflower alternariosis, kubalulekile ukugcina izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezijwayelekile, ukuthuthukisa inhlabathi, nokuvuna isitshalo ngendlela efanele. Ungakhohlwa ukusebenzisa izindlela zamakhemikhali zomzabalazo.

Ngomnsalo

Lesi sifo sibonakala kalula ngamabala amhlophe ngamanzi ezimpaphe.. Izindawo ezibomvu zivame ukuvela emaphethelweni abo, futhi uma zihlanganiswa nomhlophe, anyanisi bafa ngokushesha kakhulu. Kunconywa ukucubungula anyanisi nge-fungicides uma sekukhona izibonakaliso zesifo kuso, futhi umswakama uhlala emagqabeni amahora angu-11.

On the zucchini

Okokuqala, isifo se-zucchini sibonakala njengamabala amancane omhlophe namasundu, ngakho-ke ubuso bomifino buhlanganiswe ne-patel black patel. Banda kancane kancane ngobukhulu, bese bemboza lonke ishidi, elidlula futhi lifa.

Isitshalo esibulalayo siqala kabi futhi sikhula. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, udinga ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele.

Kubalulekile ukubhubhisa ukhula, kude nezikhwebu eziqoqiwe eziqoqiwe. Ngaphambi kwe-Alternaria, izihlahla ezinama-zucchini kufanele zifakwe nge-fungicides..

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela

• Ukuze uvimbele ukuvimbela okwenzeka ku-Alternaria, ukuchithwa kwezitshalo ngezixazululo ezifanele kuyoba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuphuma.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi usilungisa amagciwane emhlabathini, ngesikhathi esifanele ukubhubhisa izitshalo ezivele zigula.
• Kumele sikhethe izinhlobo ezingavumelani nalesi sifo.
• Izitshalo ezide zidinga ukubopha, kutuswa ukuba ususe amaqabunga aphansi.
• Akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela ukulimala komshini kwezilimo eziyizigaxa.
• Amazambane afanelekile kufanele anqatshelwe ngaleso sikhathi.

Sebenzisa umanyolo ngendlela efanele.. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukuhlushwa kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini akudluli. Qinisekisa ukwenza lokhu njengama-fertilizer amaminerali, aqukethe i-potassium.

Uma kungenzeka ukukhomba i-alternaria esiteji sokuqala, khona-ke kuyokwazi ukubhekana nayo ngenkathi eyodwa. Kodwa-ke, akukwazi ukuphikisana ngokuthi lesi sifo ngeke siphumelele, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo zokunakekela nokuvimbela ukulimala. Uma yonke imithetho ilandelwa, izitshalo azisongelwa yiziphi izifo.