Phakathi kwezimboni ezihlukahlukene zezimboni ezihola izinkomo. Lo mboni uletha isigamu sezo zonke izimali ezivela emfuyweni. Imikhiqizo yobisi, inyama, kanye nemithi embonini elula etholakala kulezi zilwane. Inyama yenkomo nemifino iya endaweni yesibili emva kwengulube. Ubisi luqukethe kalula izinto ezidingekayo kubantu nezilwane.
Futhi kusukela esikhwameni sekhwalithi ephezulu benza izicathulo, izingubo neminye imikhiqizo eminingi. Izinkinobho, ama-combs nezinye izinto zenziwe ngemikhiqizo-njengezimpondo nezinselo. Ngisho nezinkomo ezinkulu zisetshenziselwa ukuhweba kwezolimo. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo lwe-Simmental.
Kuyini okuthakazelisayo ukufunda ngohlobo lwe-Simmental?
Izinkomo ze-Simmental yizinhlobo ezimele zenyama kanye nobisi. Imvelaphi yalesi sizwe iSwitzerland. Kuzo zonke izinkomo kuleli zwe, amaphesenti angu-60 avela kuloluhlobo.
Lolu hlobo lunye lwezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu. Yadalwa ngokudlulisa izinhlobo nge inyama, ubisi kanye nomkhiqizo wokukhiqiza. Ukwakhiwa kwalolu hlobo kukhuthazwa yizici zomnotho zombili kanye nemvelo yemvelo.
Emazweni ethu, ukuzalwa kweSimmental kwalethwa engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu elidlule.
I-suit ye-Simmental uhlobo lubomvu-motley noma i-red-motley. Izinkomo ezindala zinombala obomvu-motley. Muva nje, okuvame kakhulu umbala obomvu okhanyayo ophenduke ube yincinjana enamabala. Umbala ogqamile we-suti uhambelana nezilwane ezinamathebhu. Emibala ehlanzekile ekhaleni, ulimi, amajwabu amehlo asemhlophe asemhlophe. Uma kukhona umbala omnyama kulezi zindawo, khona-ke inkomazi ayiyona into.
Umbala wezimpondo uphuzi, futhi amathiphu awonakala ngombala. E-Switzerland, kukholelwa ukuthi uma izimpondo zezimpondo zishaya, inkomo ayikho emthethweni.
Umthethosisekelo wezinkomo ze-Simmental unamandla, futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho nokuhlukumeza.
Isici sohlobo luyinhloko enkulu futhi enobuhlungu. Ingxenye yangaphambili iphinde ithuthukiswe, izimpondo nazo zithuthukile.
Intamo yezinkomo zobude obuphakathi nobukhulu, kodwa ezinkalweni zohlobo lwe-Simmental, intamo iyinyama futhi iyifushane. Ukubuna kubanzi ngokwanele, kanti ngenkathi izinkunzi ngezinye izikhathi zihlukaniswa.
Izilwane zinomkhumbi ojulile, obanzi, ode futhi omkhulu. Ezilwaneni ezingakhuliswa kahle, kungase kube nokukhulelwa ngemuva kwamahlombe ehlombe.
Izilwane zide, ziqondile, ubude obuphakathi, i-croup ebanzi neyomzimba.
Umsila uphakeme ngokwanele.
Imilenze yohlobo lwe-Simmental ayikho isikhathi eside, amathambo namajoyini athuthukile kahle. Emilenzeni yangemuva, ungabona isici (i-angle phakathi komlenze ophansi nemetatrasi enkulu kakhulu, lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "unyawo lwezinyo lwendlovu"), futhi amaphampo angaphambili aphelelwe phezulu. Izilwane zinamahlumela aqinile, alula futhi athuthukile.
Isikhumba sezinyosi sinwebeka futhi sinzima; isisindo salo siphezu kwamaphesenti angu-10 no-14. Izinkabi ezinkulu nezinkabi zinesikhumba esiyigugu kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile I-Simmental breed ihluke kwabanye ekukhuleni kwayo, amathambo amaqhwa namabele amakhulu. Izilwane zinezinhlanzi ezithuthukile kahle, isikhumba esinyene kanye nezinyawo ezisekelwe kahle.
Uhlobo lwe-Simmental luyathuthuka kahle, lwakhona Izilinganiso ezilinganiselwe zimi kanje:
- Ubuningi bamathole asanda kuzalwa luyi-34-42 kilogram, lapho uneminyaka engamashumi nesigamu ubudala isisindo sabo sifinyelela ku-340 kilogram.
- Isisindo sezinkomo zezilwane ezindala kusukela ku-650 kuya kwezingu-850 kilogram, izinkomo ezikhunjisiwe zingaba isisindo esiningi.
- Ubuningi bezinkunzi ezindala ziphakathi kuka-750 kuya ku-1100 kilogram, kanti izinkunzi, ezondliwe kahle, zingafinyelela ku-1300 kilogram.
- Ukuphakama kwenkunzi eyodwa ekubundeni kuyamamitha angu-138-145, kanti izinkomo ziyizigidi ezingu-133-135.
- Ubude bomzimba wezilwane ngokwesilinganiso samamitha angu-158 -162.
- Umjikelezo we-metacarpus uhluka kusuka ku-18.5 kuya ku-20 cm.
Uyini ukondla izinkomo ze-Simmental?
Ukhiqizwa ubisi lwezinkomo zikaSimmental kuyinto ejwayelekile.
Izitshalo zokugcoba nobisi akuzona okwakhiwa njengalabo abanohlobo oluthile.
Izinhlayiya zezinkomo ezifuywayo zinezinkanuko. I-lobes yangemuva yaqala kabi kakhulu kunaphambili.
Kubuye kwenzeke nokuthi ukukhishwa kwezinkomo kungagcwala izinwele ezinzima.
Ukhiqizwa ubisi okwejwayelekile ngonyaka kuhluka kusuka ku-2 500 kuya ku-5 500 kilogram, okuqukethwe kwayo kunamafutha angama-3.8 kuya kwangu-4.1.
Inkomba ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni izinkomo yinto enjenge-index index. Umqondo walokhu kusho ukulingana kwenani eliphelele lobisi kuze kutholakale ukuthengwa kwamasheya amabili angaphambili. Kulokhu ungathola ukuthi wonke amasheya ombele akhiwa kanjani futhi aqonde ukukhiqizwa kwenkomo. Kulo mhlanga esikuchazayo, inkomba ingamaphesenti angu-42-45. Lokho kukhuluma ngokusebenza okuhle kobisi lwebele.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zohlobo lwe-Simmental?
Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokugcina uhlobo lwe-Simmental kwezolimo, kodwa sizobe sitshele ngezinto eziyinhloko:
- Njengoba uhlobo lwe-Simmental luyilungu lomzimba nobisi, kungase kuqondwe ukuthi inyama nobisi ziwuhlobo oluhle.
- Uma ukondla inhlanzi encane, ungathola inzuzo enkulu, eyedlula ukusebenza kwama-shorthorns ne-Herefords. Kodwa uma siqhathanisa izingxenye ezidliwayo nezingenakutholakala kulezi zitshalo, izingxenye ezimbili zokugcina ezidliwayo zinokuningi.
- Isici esihle sezinto eziphilayo zalesi sizwe siyingozi kakhulu.
- Ukugxila okusheshayo kwezimo ezihlukene kuyisici esihle.
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu beSimmental buphilile futhi bukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi onzima.
- Uma kuzalana ngokuzala emigqeni noma emigqeni yokuwela, ama-Simmentals abhekwa njengendlela ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo zokuzalanisa kanye nezilimo ezizalisayo.
- Inani eliphakeme lesikhumba salezi zilwane libhekisela kwisici esihle.
- Okubaluleke kakhulu ukulalela nokuhlakanipha kwezilwane.
- Uhlangothi oluhle kulolu hlobo luhamba nokuqina kwalo.
- Izilwane zohlobo oluchazwe ziphikisana nezifo.
Yiziphi iziphambeko zohlobo oludinga ukuzinaka lapho uthenga?
Uhlobo lwe-Simmental lufuna kakhulu ekudleni kwalo. I-hay eyondliwe kumele ibe nekhwalithi ephezulu.- Futhi, lohlobo lufuna okuqukethwe kwalo, ludinga ukunakekelwa. Uma lokhu kungalandelwa, ukubeletha ngokushesha kwehlisa.
- Ukuntuleka kohlobo kungaba ukubeka okungalungile kwezitho.
- Iphutha emtsetfweni wesilwane kuguqulwa ngemuva.
- Enye ingozi yalesi sizwe ukuthuthukiswa okubuthakathaka kwamasheya ahamba phambili emfuyo.
- Ukunyuka kwezinwele eziphezulu akuyona inkomba enhle.
Uhlobo lwe-Simmental lufuna kakhulu ekudleni kwalo. I-hay eyondliwe kumele ibe nekhwalithi ephezulu.Uyini umkhiqizo wobisi nomzimba wezinhlobo ze-Simmental?
Izinga lokukhiqiza inyama lihle kakhulu ngenxa yekhono le-fattening ngokushesha. Ikhwalithi yekhwalithi ephakeme, enomsoco okwanele, hhayi amafutha amaningi, ama-muscle fibers ayinama-fibrous, kodwa isisindo samathambo singaphezu kwesisindo senyama. Ukudla kwamafutha enyama kungamaphesenti angaba ngu-17.
Isilinganiso sezinkomba zezimbizi ziyahlukahluka ebangeni kusukela ku-2500 kuya ku-5500 kilograms zobisi, futhi okuqukethwe kwayo kwamafutha kufinyelela kumaphesenti angu-4.1.
Ubisi obuningi obuvunayo buyatholakala ezweni lakubo, futhi lilinganiselwa ku-15898 kilograms zobisi. Futhi, kutholakala isivuno esikhulu eHungary. Isivuno esikhulu sekhanda samukelwa ku-Dame burenka futhi singama-kilogram angu-19 665 ubisi ngonyaka we-lactation. Ubisi obuningi obunamabele ngosuku oluvela kule nkomo kwakungu-70.1 kilograms yobisi.
Ezimweni ezilinganayo, ukukhiqizwa ubisi kuhle kakhulu. Amanani ayisilinganiso avela ku-3200 kuya ku-3500 kilograms yobisi, futhi okuqukethwe kwawo okunamafutha kuvela kuma-3.7 kuya ku-4.1%. Izinkabi ezingcono kakhulu zihlinzeka ngamathani angu-8 200 kuya ku-10 900 amashila ngokuqukethwe kwamanoni avela ku-4.05 kuya ku-4.87%. Umnikazi werekhodi uyinkomo ye-Zozulya enomkhiqizo wezobisi wama-kilogram angu-12 760.
Kwamanye amapulazi, kutholakala inzuzo enkulu kakhulu yezinhlobo ezincane ze-Simmental. Isibonelo esifundeni saseVoronezh, i-Heir 2 bull gain weight kwaba eyodwa nengxenye kilograms ngosuku. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, i-gobies ayidingi inzuzo yesisindo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukhiqiza ubisi oluphakeme kanye namazinga aphezulu okugxila kubangela ukufakwa kwamafutha emzimbeni, okungeyona impumelelo emihle emsebenzini wocansi. Futhi ngomkhiqizo ophakeme, amathole adla ukudla okuncane, okuyisisekelo sokwakheka kwezilwane ekuqondiseni inyama.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bentsha, lolu hlobo ludinga amaminerali namaprotheni okudla. Ukwandisa ukudla okunjalo kufanele kube ngamanani aphezulu ebisi, kugxila, imifino yezimpande kanye ne-hay enhle.
Kusuka kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, uhlobo lweSimmental luvame kakhulu e-Austria. Eminyakeni yamuva, lo mhlobo ukhula ekuqondiseni inyama, kepha izinkomba zobisi azizinaki. Ngokusho kokufundwa kwezinkomo ze-Simmental, ukukhiqizwa okuvamile kwenkomo eyodwa kwakungu-3 823 kilogram, futhi okuqukethwe kwamanoni ubisi kwakungamaphesenti angu-4.06.
Umphakathi ozalisa lolu hlobo uye wazenza umsebenzi wokuthola amakhilogremu angu-4 500 ubisi ngamanothi angu-4.1%. Futhi, ababelethi bazibekela umsebenzi wokwenza ngcono ukukhiqiza okunempilo nokudla komzimba.
Ngo-1958, izinkunzi eziyishumi nanhlanu zalolu hlobo zalethwa kusukela e-Austria kuya eSoviet Union, okuvela kuwo omama abavela ku-5000 kuya ku-5176 ubisi, okuqukethwe kwamanoni angu-4.2 kuya ku-4.37%. Futhi baletha izinkunzi ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza zase-Ukraine ukuze zivuselele igazi labaSimmentals, ababelethwe ezweni ngaleso sikhathi.
Umvuno obulalayo wezinkunzi ze-Simmental zingamaphesenti angu-65, kanti izinkomo zingama-53-56%. Uhlobo lwe-Simmental uma luwela lungathuthukisa ukusebenza komzimba ezinhlotsheni ezingezona inyama. Ezingxenyeni ezixubekile, isivuno sokuhlatshwa sasingamaphesenti angama-63.
