I-Azimina isitshalo sezithelo sasemuva esivela emndenini wakwa-Annon. Izwe lakubo yiNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi izifunda zaseNebraska, iTexas neFlorida. Yize lesi sitshalo sifana nesitshalo esishisayo futhi sithela izithelo ezimnandi, singakwazi ukumelana namaqhwa aze afike ku-30 ° C. Abalimi basekhaya kufanele banake lesi sihlahla esimangalisayo ukuze baphambukise isethi ejwayelekile yezitshalo zezithelo. Phakathi kwabantu, i-paw-paw ingatholakala ngaphansi kwamagama "i-Nebraska banana", "isihlahla sikabhanana", "banana baseMexico". Kwanele ukubheka imithetho embalwa elula yokunakekelwa ne-pawpaw amashumi amaningi eminyaka kuzojabulisa umnikazi wayo.
Izici ze-Botanical
I-Azimina isitshalo esihlala isikhathi eside. Kuthatha isimo sesihlahla noma i-shrub ende. Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kungamamitha angama-4-5, noma kukhona izinhlobo zokuphakama kuze kufike ku-15 m ukuphakama. Amagatsha Amancane avela kakhulu ngenqwaba ende, ewa kancane kancane. Ngemuva konyaka, amagxolo abe bushelelezi futhi athole umbala onsundu. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, amagxolo aqala ukuba mpunga futhi ambozwe ukukhula okuvela ezinhlungwini.
Entwasahlobo yokuqala, amagatsha ambozwe ngamahlamvu aqhamile abomvu ansundu, amaqabunga amakhulu aqhamukayo akhula kuwo. Ubude bepladi yeqabunga le-obovate buyi-12-30 cm, futhi ububanzi bube yi-4,5 cm cm. Amaqabunga aluhlaza amnyama anemiphetho eqinile nomphetho okhonjisiwe. Ngasemuva kukhona i-pubescence ebomvu. Ekwindla, amaqabunga athola ukukhanya okuphuzi.
Ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga, izimbali ezingavamile ziyaqhakaza ku-amine. Ama-buds angashintshashintshi ama-pedicel amafushane, afana nezinsimbi ezinkulu. Ububanzi be-corolla bungamasentimitha ayi-4,5. Siqukethe amacembe ayisithupha ansundu-burgundy oval. Iphethini le-mesh yemithambo iyabonakala kuwo wonke umhlaba we-petal. Umgogodla obunjwe ngekholomu uqukethe ama-stamens amaningi namaphampu amaningi, upende ophuzi. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, iphunga elibuthakathaka kodwa elingajabulisi limboza i-azimin. Iheha izimpukane, zingabakhiqizi bemvelo besitshalo.
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, izithelo ezi-2-8 ezivuthiwe zivuthwa endaweni yehlumela ngalinye. Izithelo ze-oblong Juicy zifinyelela ku-5-16 cm ubude nobubanzi obuyi-3-7 cm.Ukuqina kwawo kusuka ku-20 g kuya ku-0,5 kg. Ngaphansi kwesikhumba esinsundu esiluhlaza-ophuzi inyama. Inezinhlamvu ezingaba ngu-12 ezinkulu nezicwebile ezinesikhumba esikhanyayo esikhanyayo.
Izinhlobo ze-pawpaw
Uhlobo lwe-pawpaw luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-10 zezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, munye kuphela wabo otshaliwe eRussia - I-pawpaw enamabala amathathu (triloba). Umuthi onqobayo ovikela iqhwa onomqhele obanzi we-pyramidal ukhula ngo-5-8 m ukuphakama. Amagatsha amboza amaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza we-ovate. Ubude bawo bungaba ngaphezu kwama-35 cm nobubanzi bube ngama-12 cm. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lwamaqabunga lunendawo ecwebezelayo, kanti olungaphansi lubanzi kakhulu kunenqwaba ebomvu. Amagatsha amakhulu aqhakaza emagatsheni angaphansi konyaka. Izithelo zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
I-Azimine yidfishfish. Isihlahla esivuthayo esifinyelela ku-200 cm. Amagatsha embozwe ngamaqabunga amade, angama-obovate. Ngaphansi kwamahlamvu kukhona izimbali ezimbubende ezinobubanzi obungafika ku-2 cm.
I-Pawpaw Incana (i-woolly papaya). Isihlahla esimnandi esinomqhele omncane. Ukuphakama kwawo akudluli ku-150 cm. Amaqabunga ama-Narrow oblong anamaphethelo oyindilinga abe nombala oluhlaza okhanyayo. Amaqabunga nezimbali ziyaqhakaza ngasekupheleni kukaMashi. Ama-corollas amhlophe noma omuncu atholakala ngaphansi kwamahlamvu. Izithelo zivuthwa ngoJulayi-Agasti.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ukukhiqizwa kwama-azins kukhiqizwa ngezinqubo zembewu noma yezimpande. Izithombo zikhule kuqala ezinhlanyelweni. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, impahla yembewu ivuselelwa ngokuyifaka esiqandisini izinyanga eziyi-3-4. Ngokutshala sebenzisa amabhokisi amancane ngesihlabathi nangomhlabathi we-peat. Imbewu yelanga iyingcwatshwa ngu-2-3 cm, iniselwe futhi ishiywe endaweni ekhanyayo, efudumele (+ 20 ° C). Amahlumela avela kancane ngemuva kwamasonto ayisikhombisa. Ungahlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Imbewu etshalwe ngo-Okthoba ivame ukuvela maphakathi nehlobo elizayo. Ngonyaka wokuqala, izithombo zinconyelwa ukuba zikhule endaweni ebamba ukushisa kuphela futhi ngesizini ezayo zidluliselwe engadini. Ukuqhakaza nezithelo kulindeleke eminyakeni engama-5-6.
Izimpande ze-pawpaw zingadubula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, maphakathi nentwasahlobo, sekwanele ukuhlukanisa ingxenye ethile yemikhaza ebekwe eduze komhlaba uyitshale emhlabathini ovulekile. Impande ibekwa ngokuqondile emhlabathini, ifinyelele ekujuleni kwama-3-5 cm. Amahlumela okuqala avela kungapheli inyanga futhi isithombo singadluliselwa endaweni engapheli.
Ukuxhunyelelwa kwezihlahla
Ukuzala kabusha nokukhula kwezitshalo ezincane kuhamba kancane. Ukuze uthole isihlahla esinezimbali ngokushesha, sebenzisa indlela yokugoma. Umuthi wokugoma uyasiza futhi nokukhulisa izinhlobo ezingandile. Ekuqaleni kukaMashi, i-cleavage yenziwa esitokweni ngokujula okungaba ngu-1.5 cm. Ukuphela kwe-scion kufakwe kuyo. Kubalulekile ukufezekisa ukuhlangana kwezingqimba ze-cambial. Indawo yokugoma igoqwe ngefilimu, kuthi amahlumela aphansi kusiphunzi asuswe.
I-inoculation yenzeka kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-12-16, khona-ke ama-buds aqala ukuqhakaza ekhasini elisha. I-bandage ingadedelwa kancane, kepha isuswe ngokuphelele ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1-1,5.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Kulula ukunakekela i-azine. Udinga indawo ekhanyayo. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ungatshala izihlahla emthunzini oyingxenye ukuze uzivikele ekushiseni okukhulu. Ubude obulungile bosuku ehlobo amahora angama-14-16 nobuncane bamahora ama-4 elangeni eliqondile.
Inhlabathi yokutshala kumele ivunde futhi ixege. Ungasitshala lesi sitshalo enhlabathini esindayo, kepha unikeze ukukhipha okuhle. Ngaphambi kokufika phansi komgodi, kuthelwa ungqimba olunothuli lwamatshe amatshe nesihlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlaba uhlanganiswa nomlotha nomquba.
Ukudlulisa izitshalo ezindala kuneminyaka emi-3 kuyinto engathandeki. Uhlelo lwezimpande lonakaliswa kalula. Ibanga le-3 m kufanele ligcinwe phakathi kwezihlahla. Ngemuva kokutshala, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi ligxishwe nge-peat.
I-Pawpaw ingatshalwa njengesiko lembiza. Entwasahlobo, kuthathwa kumgwaqo, lapho isitshalo sihlala khona kuze kube sekwindla. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa njengokudingekile ngendlela yokudluliswa komthambo wobumba.
Kwi-pawpaw, kungakuhle ukhethe izindawo ezingenamimoya. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni ezincane. Ngonyaka wokuqala bakha uthango olukhethekile kusuka kokusalungiswa.
I-Azimina iyawathanda amanzi, itshalwa ezifundeni lapho imvula yonyaka iba okungenani ama-800 mm. Ngokwesomiso, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuchelela njalo, kepha ukungagxili kwamanzi enhlabathini akufanele kuvunyelwe. Ekwindla, ukuthambisa kancane kuyenziwa. Ngenkathi ebandayo, lesi sitshalo sineliswa yimvula yemvelo. Entwasahlobo, izimpande zingahlushwa umswakama ngokweqile ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa.
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli, i-azimin inconyelwa ukufaka umquba. Ukufakwa phezulu kwamaminerali (phosphorus, nitrogen) noma i-organic (silt, umquba ojikelezayo) njalo ngenyanga ngaphansi kwempande.
Ama-amine ane-blade amathathu amelana neqhwa aze afike ku-25 ... -30 ° C. Akayidingi indawo yokukhosela, kepha izimbali ziyakwazi ukuqanda phakathi nobusika obunzima. Isitshalo sidinga isikhathi sokuphumula. Kumaviki angama-2-3 ngonyaka, izinga lokushisa lomoya akufanele lidlule + 5 ... + 10 ° C.
Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwe-sap, kunconywa ukuthi kuthenwe. Inqubo iyadingeka ukususa amagatsha owonakele futhi wakhe umqhele.
I-Pawpaw iyamelana nezifo zezitshalo. Kungagxiliwa kuphela ngokujikwa kwamanzi njalo emhlabathini nokumanzana kwezifo. Izinambuzane esihlahleni azihlali, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokuphepha kwezithelo namaqabunga.
Sebenzisa
Izihlahla zihlukaniswa ngumqhele omncane, umqhele omnyama, oguqula umbala ngesikhathi sekhodi. Entwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo simbozwe ngezimbali ezinkulu ezingavamile. Ehlobo, igcwala ngamaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza okotshani, kanti ekwindla ithola umbala ocebile wegolide.
Izithelo ze-pawpaw zigcwele ama-amino acid, izakhi zomkhondo, amavithamini, ushukela. Zisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki, ukususa ubuthi kanye nokubuyisa umgudu wokugaya ukudla. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ezinye izingxenye zezithelo zivimbela ukukhula kwamaseli womdlavuza. Izidakamizwa zisiza ukunciphisa ngisho nalezo zakhiwo ezingazwisisi i-chemotherapy. Njengoba izithelo ezintsha zigcinwa izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela, zenza ujamu, ujamu, ama-compotes, izithelo ezinamacwecwe acwengekile.
Imbewu yezitshalo isetshenziswa njenge-emetic ephumelelayo. Bacindezelwa otshwaleni, bese bethathwa njengoba kudingeka. I-decoction yamaqabunga yi-diuretic ephumelelayo.
