U-Orlyak ungowokuzalwa okuhle wesigaba sikaFern, umndeni kaDennshtedtievy. Lesi sitshalo esihle saziwa ngokungagcini nje ngokuhlobisa ingadi kanye nekhaya, kodwa futhi sisetshenziselwa ukudla nokwelashwa kwezifo eziningi. Umakoti uthole igama lawo elithi kathathu waii, ofana nephiko lokhozi. Abanye abantu bahlukanisa okuqala kukaJesu Kristu engxenyeni yesiqu, ngakho-ke amabreyidi nawo angatholakala ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Jesus Grass." UFern wasatshalaliswa kabanzi emahlathini nasezindaweni ezishisayo zaseYurophu, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Lapha kuqoqwa njalo kuvunwa ukuze kusetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo. Ukuze ungayi ehlathini lama-ferns, ungakhula izihlahla ezinhle nezisebenzayo esizeni sakho. Ukubanakekela kulula kakhulu, futhi umqhele osakazekayo ukhula ngokushesha okukhulu.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Orlyak isitshalo se-herbaceous perennial 30-3000 cm ukuphakama. Uhlelo olunamandla lwempande lukhula ngezindlela ezihlukile. I-rhizome itholakala ngokuma, lapho kuvela amahlumela amasha minyaka yonke. Izinqubo eziqondile ziye zijule kakhulu emhlabeni futhi zisuthise isitshalo. Bangakwazi ukuqhubeka ngemuva kwemililo noma ezinye izinhlekelele. Ngenxa yalezi zimpande, ama-bracken angakhula ngokuphephile endaweni eyodwa amakhulu eminyaka.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuvela amahlumela amasha emhlabeni. Zitholakala ngokwahlukana kubude be-10 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ingaphezulu lehlumela livezwa, kanti ingxenye engenhla iqale yagoba ngesimo somnenke. Kamuva, amapuleti eshidi aqhuma kuwo. Amahlamvu amahlandla amabili futhi aqukethe iphunga elithile. Amabibi amnyama amnyama ahlanganisiwe azungezwe eziqongweni. Phansi kwamaqabunga aphansi kukhona amathenda. Kulawa, ijusi elimnandi limile liheha izintuthwane.
Ama-sorus afakiwe atholakala ngomngcele oqhubekayo eceleni komphetho wephepha futhi afihlwe ngokugoqwa kovalo. Izinhlamvu zivuthwa ngoJulayi-Agasti, kodwa aziveli emaqabungeni minyaka yonke. Ukuvuthwa kwe-sporangia kuvuleka ngokuzimela futhi kuncane, imbewu eyindilinga iyachitheka. Zithwalwa ngumoya ngamabanga amade.
Iningi lama-botanists libheka uhlobo lwe-bracken njenge-monotypic futhi lufaka inhlobo eyodwa kuphela kulo - ubakaki ojwayelekile. Ngokusho kwabanye ososayensi, kusenezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo. Zonke ziyafana impela. Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zamaferns zalolu hlobo zande emvelweni futhi azilinywanga.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ukuzalela okuzala kukhiqiza izinhlamvu noma ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Ukuqoqa izinsalela, kuyadingeka ngoSepthemba ukusika ishidi ngezinsimbi, ukomise bese ukhahlela iziqeshana ephepheni ngesipuni. Ngemuva kokumiswa, impahla yembewu ifakwa esikhwameni sephepha futhi igcinwe kuze kube sebusika. NgoJanuwari, amabhokisi enomhlabathi we-peat alungiswa. Inhlabathi iyanyiswa bese imbewu encane ithululelwa ebusweni. Imbiza imbozwe ngengilazi futhi ibekwe egumbini elifudumele nelikhanyayo. Faka umoya bese ufafaza izitshalo nsuku zonke. Ngemuva kwamaviki ayi-8, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi limbozwe nge-moss eluhlaza. Manje indawo yokukhosela ingasuswa ukuze umoya ophelele unikezwe izithombo. Izithombo ezikhulile zitshalwa emabhodweni amancane ahlukene. Ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, ubakaki ulungele ukufakelwa enhlabathini evulekile.
Ukwehlukanisa isihlahla kubhekwa njengendlela elula futhi ephumelelayo yokuzala. I-fern yabantu abadala ine-rhizome ethuthukisiwe, ephola ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthena nokutshala. Maphakathi nentwasahlobo, lapho isithwathwa esikhona njalo esidlule, kufanele ugaye i-rhizome bracken. Ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezinezinso ezingama-1-2. Inqubo ye-Delenki ezindaweni zokusika amalahle achotshoziwe futhi ngokushesha itshalwe emhlabathini omanzi. Emvelweni wemvelo, noma iyiphi ingxenye ye-rhizome, lapho igaya, iyakwazi ukuhluma, ngakho-ke ukubhekelwa phansi kwezolimo kubhekwa njengokuthi kunzima ukukuqeda. Akunakwenzeka ukusabalalisa lolu hlobo lwefern ngosizo lwe-cutways.
Imithetho Yokunakekela
IBracken isitshalo esingenakuzithoba. Ilungele ukukhula endlini noma enkundleni evulekile. Lapho uthenga i-fern yabantu abadala, kufanele unake ukubukeka. Amahlamvu kufanele abe angaqinile, ngaphandle kwama-lobes owomile nophuzi. Imbali ethengiwe yosuku ishiywe yodwa endaweni enomthunzi, bese idluliselwa.
Ukufakelwa Ukufakelwa i-Orlyak akuvamile kakhulu. Izitshalo zasengadini azidingi le nqubo nhlobo, kanti nezitshalo zasendlini zidluliselwa kabusha njalo emva kweminyaka engama-3-5. Lokhu kwenziwa lapho imbiza endala iba manzi kakhulu. Kukhethwe umthamo omusha ojulile futhi ozinzile ngokwengeziwe. Amatshe amakhulu amakhulu afakwa phansi, bese kuba amatshe amatshe, bese kuphela umhlabathi uthululwa.
Inhlabathi. U-Orlyak ukhetha inhlabathi elula, evundile ngokulinganiselwe. Kumalobolo, kuzokhula kubi. Ingxube yengesi, isihlabathi kanye nomhlaba onqabile kufanelekile. Ngaphambi kokutshala engadini, kunconywa ukuthi ugaye inhlabathi wenze inani eliningi lesihlabathi, ama-chip wezitini nojikijolo. Ukuba khona kukalamusi emhlabathini kunomthelela omuhle ekukhuleni kwesitshalo.
Isibani Kungcono ukutshala i-bracken fern engxenyeni ebunjiwe engadini. Ezitshalweni zasendlini, khetha amakamelo asenyakatho noma uvikele umqhele ngokucophelela elangeni eliqondile. Kulokhu, umthunzi oluhlaza uzogcwala kakhulu. Kepha elangeni, amaqabunga ayakhanya futhi abe ukukhanya.
Ukushisa Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokukhula kwefern liyi + 10 ... + 25 ° C. Akudingekile ukudala ngokuqondile ukuguquguquka kwansuku zonke noma kwesizini. Ehlobo, ungabeka isitshalo endlini engadini, endaweni evikelekile kokusalungiswa nomoya oshubile onamandla. Ebusika, udinga ukubeka ebhodweni kude nama-radiators. Emhlabathini ovulekile, amabakaki ebusika ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kokukhosela. UVayi uyawa, kanti isigaxa saso sijule ngokwanele ukuba singacasha emaqandeni amakhulu.
Umswakama. Onke ama-ferns akhetha umswakama ophezulu. Badinga ukufafaza njalo komqhele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amanzi ahlanziwe, ongeke ashiye amabala kalamula emaqabungeni. Uma kunesidingo, ungabeka ama-pallets ngamapulangwe amanzi eduze kwezimbiza noma utshale isitshalo emgwaqweni, eduze nemifudlana namachibi.
Ukunisela. Inhlabathi ngaphansi kwamabakaki kufanele ihlale inomswakama omncane. Lapho komiswa okuncane komhlaba, kufanele uthanjiswe. Kubalulekile ukuvikela ukugcwala njalo kwamanzi ezimpandeni. Ebusika, ukuthambisa kuyancishiswa.
Umanyolo. Gada amabakaki kufanele abe ngokulinganayo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala kwenziwa entwasahlobo, lapho kufika amahlumela amasha. Sebenzisa izakhiwo zamaminerali zamafern. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwanele ukwengeza njalo ngenyanga umthamo womanyolo oboniswe kuphakethe.
Izifo nezinambuzane. UBracken uyamelana nezifo, kepha uhlushwa ukuhlaselwa yizimbunguzane. Ngokuvamile, ama-thrips, esikalini izinambuzane, whiteflies ahlala amahlumela namanzi. Ama-insecticides asiza ukuqeda izinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ungangeqi umthamo ukuze ungalimazi isitshalo.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwefern
I-Orlyak iqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo, phakathi kwazo:
- amaprotheni;
- amavithamini (C, E, iqembu B);
- ukulandelela izinto (i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-potasium, i-iodine, isibabule, i-phosphorus, i-iron);
- glycosides;
- ama-saponins;
- flavonoids;
- isitashi;
- i-tannin.
Izinto eziwusizo ngenani eliphakeme eliqukethwe amahlumela amancane. Lapho amaqabunga eqala ukukhula futhi evuthwa, ubakaki ugcwele ama-cyanides ne-hydrocyanic acid.
Imithetho Yokuvuna Okuphathekayo
IBracken iqoqwa maphakathi nentwasahlobo. Ebantwini, amasiginali wokuqoqa kwawo kungukuqhakaza kweminduze yesigodi noma ukuthululwa kwamaphalishi e-cherry. Uma amahlumela amasha ephuka kalula, angavunwa. Lapho nje eba namandla futhi aqale ukugoba kalula, ukuqoqwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kuyamiswa. Ubude obuhle bezimpawu ezinezwi elisontekile ngu-20-25 cm, futhi ubukhulu yi-5-15 mm. Banqunywa phansi bese behlanganiswa izikhwebu. Akudingekile ukuncipha ngokuphelele isihlahla sonke ukuze i-fern iqhubeke nokukhula kwayo.
Ngisho neziqu ezisikiwe zinamacembe, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukucubungula emahoreni angama-3 kuya kwangu-12 okuqala. Imvamisa, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlanganisiwe ziyasawoti bese zisetshenziselwa ukudla. Ungome futhi amahlumela emoyeni ovulekile izinsuku ezingama-1-2. Isitshalo esilungiswe ngale ndlela singasetshenziswa unyaka wonke. Emithini yabantu, ngaphezu kwamahlumela, basebenzisa izimpande zomakaki zomile, zingagcinwa iminyaka eminingana.
Ibreyidi inosawoti emabhubhu, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona izigaxa zingqimba. Ungqimba ngalunye lufafazwa ngosawoti. Inani eliphelele lilingana nekota yesisindo sezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingavuthiwe. Ingcindezelo ibekwe ngaphezulu kanti ubakaki ushiywe amasonto ama-2-3. Ngemuva kwenkathi ebekiwe, ukucindezela kuyasuswa bese i-brine eyakhiwe ikhishwe. Esigabeni sesibili, izingqimba ezingaphezulu zibekwa phansi, i-fern ithululelwa nge-brine. Amasawoti asetshenziswa amahlandla ama-5 ngaphansi kwesisindo sezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingavuthiwe. Ngenhla kubekwa ingcindezelo futhi kwesokunxele isonto lonke.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, amahlumela kufanele afakwe emanzini amasha amahora angama-7, abilise imizuzu engu-5. Manje i-fern ingasetshenziswa ukwenza amasaladi noma ukungeza kwezinye izitsha.
Ukubiyela emthini
Emithini yesintu, ubakaki ubusetshenziswa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ama-broths alungiswa kusuka amahlumela ezomile kanye nezimpande, ezisiza ukulwa nezifo ezinjengokuthi:
- ukuhlanza
- isifo sohudo
- ukuba khona kwezibungu;
- ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa;
- ukungasebenzi komzimba okungenamandla;
- ikhanda
- izifo zokuphefumula;
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme
Emakhulukhulu eminyaka edlule, kwakusetshenziswa ama-bracken eYurophu ukulwa ne-rheumatism, isifo samathambo kanye namaqhubu. Kuyinto elindele okuhle, i-choleretic futhi ivuseleli. Ukusetshenziswa kwamahlumela we-fern kususa ama-radionuclides emzimbeni, kwandisa ukumelana kwengcindezi, kuvumele amandla imetabolism futhi kuthuthukise namakhono okuvuselela umzimba womuntu.
Kubalulekile ukwazi isilinganiso nokugcina imithetho yokuqapha. Ngisho amahlumela amancane aqukethe isilinganiso esincane sobuthi esinganqwabelana emzimbeni. Futhi, ukwelashwa nge-fern kuphambene nabesifazane abakhulelwe nababambisayo, izingane kanye nabantu abahlushwa umfutho wegazi ophansi.
Ukupheka kokusetshenziswa
Ezifundeni eziningi zezwe lethu, nasemhlabeni wonke, i-bracken fern kade yaba umkhiqizo wokudla ogcwele. Kuthengwa kakhulu ikusasa. Eminyakeni esethembekile, lesi sitshalo sasiza ukugwema indlala, saphindisela isinkwa. Ngemuva kokufaka usawoti, amahlumela afana namakhowe ukunambitha, yize amanye uwaqhathanisa ne-asparagus.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi iziqu ezingavuthiwe zenqatshelwe ukudla. Kufanele zifakwe usawoti, zifakwe emanzini bese zibilisiwe. Ngemuva kokulashwa okushisa lapho i-fern iba khona edliwayo.
IBracken ayisetshenziswa njalo kwifomu kasawoti. EJapan, amaswidi, ophaya nokunye ukudla okungajwayelekile okungajwayelekile kulungiselelwe kuwo. Emazweni ahlukahlukene, amahlumela osikiwe kanye nezimpande ezibunjiwe zifakwa kufulawa wokubhaka, kwasolwandle, amasaladi nososo. Amaqabunga avimba ukubola, ngakho-ke agudlulela imifino ngesikhathi egcinwa ebusika.
