I-Chrysalidocarpus (Areca) iyisitshalo esihlala sihlala sinamaqabunga anamaqabunga amahle afana nesundu. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nesundu elijwayelekile, izinhlobo eziningi zasendlini azinaso isiqu esibunjiweyo. Iziqu eziningi zotshani zikhula emhlabathini ngasikhathi sinye, zakha iziqubu, kepha zithambile. Kulesi sici, i-chrysalidocarpus ibizwa ngokuthi "intende yomhlanga." Lesi sitshalo singowomndeni wasePalm futhi sisatshalaliswa eMadagascar, kanye nase-Oceania naseTropiki Asia. Ngokwesiko lamagumbi, isundu livame kakhulu. Kulula ukumnakekela nokugcina ukubukeka okuqinile. Izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe isitshalo esithakazelisa kakhulu.
Incazelo yeBotanical
Uhlobo lwe-chrysalidocarpus luhlanganisa izitshalo ezinoxhaxha olulodwa noma olunesihlahla. Emvelweni wemvelo, angakhula abe yi-6 - 10 m ukuphakama, kepha amasampula wasendlini awangeqi ku-50-200 cm. Ama-vaya amade ane-petiole emile, engakheki engenzi izinqubo ezilandelanayo. Egatsheni ngalinye kunamabhangqa angama-40-60 ama-lobes amancanyana. Ipuleti lephepha elimnyama eliluhlaza linemiphetho ebushelelezi kanye nesiphetho esikhomba. Umuthi wesundu ukhula kancane. Ukukhula konyaka kungaba cm 15-30. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlahla sikhula minyaka yonke ngenxa yezinqubo eziningi zezimpande.
Izimbali zenzeka ngoMeyi-Juni, noma kunjalo, izinhlobo zangaphakathi azivamile ukujabulela ngezimbali. Eqabungeni amaqabunga ama-panicrate inflorescence akhiwa, aqukethe izimbali ezincane, eziphuzi zazo zombili ubulili. Ngenxa yokuzicwala, izithelo ziyavuthwa - amajikijolo aphuzi ayindilinga. I-berry ngalinye liqukethe imbewu. Imbewu inobuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuholela ekukhuleni kwesilonda se-peptic ngisho nomdlavuza wesisu.
Izinhlobo zeChrysalidocarpus
AmaBotanists anezinhlobo ezingama-20 zezinhlobo ze-chrysalidocarpus. Nazi ezinye zazo:
I-Chrysalidocarpus iphuzi. Isitshalo esinamagatsha anamanzi aqinile esisekelweni sivumela amahlumela we-canal, amahlumela Ukhipha izigaxa ezisencane ne-petioles zipendwe ngombala ophuzi oluhlaza. Banobuso obushelelezi nobunezinhlaka. Iqabunga ngalinye likhula lifike kumamitha ayi-2 ubude. Ububanzi be-waya bungama-80-90 cm. Kufika kuma-blade amaqabunga angama-60 ethangeni le-arched petiole. I-axillary inflorescence ibhulashi elihlotshisiwe elinezimbali ezincane eziphuzi.
I-Chrysalidocarpus-stamen emithathu. Isitshalo siyinqwaba lamahlamvu aqondile akhula emhlabathini. Ekhaya, iyakwazi ukufinyelela ku-3 m ukuphakama. Amapulangwe eshidi acwebezelayo ancishisiwe futhi aqhakanjiswa. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ama-inflorescence aminyene anamaqabunga amnandi we-lime.
Chrysalidocarpus Madagascar. Umuthi wesundu unesimo somuthi weklasikhi nesiqu esisodwa. Isiqu saso sikhulisiwe ngasisekelo futhi simbozwe ngegxolo elimhlophe elimhlophe. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-9. Amahlamvu aminyene e-cirrus apendwe luhlaza obumnyama. Ubude be-inflemcence ye-racemose buyi-50-60 cm.
I-Chrysalidocarpus catechu (iBetel yesundu). Izinhlobonhlobo ezithandwayo ezinesiqu esisodwa esikhulu namaqabunga amade, aqondile. Emvelweni, isiqu singamamitha angama-20 ubude nama-cm angama-50. Amaqabunga e-cirrus aqhakazanayo akha umqhele omnyama, omnyama ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Izinhlobo zivame ukutshala eningizimu ezingadini ukuhlobisa indawo. Ukuqhakaza nezithelo kuyivelakancane.
Izindlela zokuzala
I-Chrysalidocarpus isabalalisa ngokuhlwanyela imbewu noma izinqubo ze-midzi. Noma iyiphi indlela ilula futhi inikeza umphumela omuhle. Imbewu yeChrysalidocarpus ihlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho amahora emini eqala ukwanda. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kufanele afakwe emanzini afudumele (30 ° C) izinsuku ezingama-2-4. Ngemuva kwalokho imbewu isatshalaliswa emabhokisini ngesihlabathi esimanzi nomhlabathi we-peat kuze kube yi-1.5-2 cm. Izithombo ziyavela ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3-4. Kufanele zigcinwe egumbini elikhanyiswe kahle ekushiseni kwe- + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Lapho kuvela iqabunga lokuqala leqiniso, izithombo zidluliselwa kumabhodwe ahlukene anobubanzi obufika ku-12 cm.
Ngenqubo yokukhula kwezinhlobo eziningi zasendlini, izinqubo zezimpande zakheka. Baxhumeke kwisitshalo somama, kepha banezimpande zabo. Entwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa inqubo ye-lateral ngecala elibukhali. Indawo esikiwe ifafazwa ngamalahle achotshoziwe, emva kwalokho lesi sitshalo esitsha sitshalwe ebhodweni elincane elihlukile. Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo, lesi yisithombo sizokhula siqine bese siqala ukukhula amaqabunga namahlumela amasha.
Imithetho Yokudlulisa
I-Chrysalidocarpus ayikuthandi ukufakelwa, ngakho-ke ayenziwa kakhulu, njengoba i-rhizome ikhula. Isigaxa sobumba kufanele sisetshenziselwe ukuvikela ukulimala kwezimpande ezondile. Ngokutshala, khetha imbiza enezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi, ezansi lapho kuthelelwa ungqimba obukhulu bumbumba owandisiwe. Lokhu kudonsa umswakama okweqile ngesikhathi sokunisela futhi kuzowunikeza njengoba umhlaba womile.
Inhlabathi ye-chrysalidocarpus idinga okunempilo nokukhanya, kufanele iqukathe:
- umhlaba we-turf (izingxenye ezi-2);
- umhlaba we-humus-sheet (izingxenye ezi-2);
- i-peat (ingxenye eyi-1);
- umquba obolile (ingxenye eyi-1);
- isihlabathi (1 ingxenye);
- namalahle (izingxenye eziyi-0.5).
Ngemuva kokufakelwa, kuyadingeka ukunisela isitshalo kahle bese usishiya egumbini elinokukhanya okukhanya okugqamile.
Izimfihlo Ezikhulayo
I-Chrysalidocarpus ibonwa njengesitshalo esingenakuzithoba, esinakekela kalula. Kodwa-ke, okuhlangenwe nakho okuncane kuzozuzisa umlimi futhi kwenziwe ukunakekela isundu kube mnandi futhi kube lula kakhulu.
Isibani I-Chrysalidocarpus idinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kuvunyelwe emqheleni. Ekushiseni okuqinile, kuyadingeka ukuthola umqhele kusukela elangeni lasemini noma ungene egumbini ngokuvamile. Akunankinga enjalo emoyeni ohlanzekile. Ebusika, udinga ukuhlela kabusha umuthi wesundu egumbini elikhanyayo, futhi uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa izibani ze-fluorescent.
Ukushisa Izinga lokushisa lomoya elikhulu lesitshalo ngu + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Ebusika, ungangehlisa lesi sibalo sibe ngu + 16 ° C, kepha ungabi phansi. Akudingekile ukudala ngokuguquguquka kokushisa ngokuguquguquka; i-chrysalidocarpus ayinaso isikhathi sokuphumula.
Umswakama. Isihlahla sesundu sidinga umswakama ophezulu (60% noma ngaphezulu). Kufanele ifafazwe njalo futhi ibekwe eduze komthombo wamanzi. Ebusika, kufanelekile ukuhambisa lesi sitshalo kude nemisebe yokushisa. Esimweni esishisayo, amaqabunga ayagezwa eshawini kabili ngenyanga. Ebusika, inqubo enjalo yenziwa kancane noma ingafakwa ngokuphelele. Uma ukugeza kungenzeki, amapheshana kufanele ahlanze othulini ngendwangu emanzi.
Ukunisela. I-Chrysalidocarpus idinga ukuthambisa okuningi futhi okuvamisile. Isigaxa sobumba kufanele some ama-2-3 cm, kuya ngevolumu yebhodwe. Ebusika, ukuchelela kuncishisiwe, okuvumela inhlabathi ukuba yomile. Amanzi asetshenziswa ethambile futhi agcinwe kahle. Ukushisa kwawo kufanele kube ngama-1-2 degrees ngaphezu kokushisa komoya.
Umanyolo. Umsoco weChrysalidocarpus uyadingeka unyaka wonke. Ungasebenzisa amakhompiyutha amaminerali wezitshalo ezingamahlamvu okuhlobisa noma izihlahla zesundu. Ngo-Ephreli-Okthoba, umanyolo ovinjelwe ufakwa emhlabathini kabili ngenyanga, isikhathi esisele sokufaka umanyolo owodwa ngenyanga sanele.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
I-Chrysalidocarpus ayikubekezeleli ukumanzima nokuqina kwamanzi emhlabathini. Ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele, ukubola kwezimpande noma ukutheleleka fungal emaqabungeni kungaqala ukukhula. Ekuqaleni, amabala amancane ansundu azokhula kancane kancane futhi atheleleke isitshalo sonke. Ukunqoba ukhunta, kuyadingeka ukuncipha izindawo ezithintekile bese uqhuba inhlabathi bese udubula ukwelashwa ngesixazululo sokonakala.
Kwesinye isikhathi esihlahleni sesundu, ikakhulukazi emoyeni ovulekile, izibungu zesicabucabu, ama-mealybugs kanye ne-aphid zihlala. Izimuncagazi zingasuswa ngokwelashwa ngesisombululo sotshwala. Ngethanga likotini elicwiliswe ku-ketshezi, sula wonke umqhele kanye namahlumela. Indlela esheshayo nephumelela kakhudlwana yokulwa namagciwane izinambuzane ezinamakhemikhali. Kwanele ukufafaza lesi sitshalo futhi kuzoba nezinambuzane ezimbalwa. Ukubhubhisa izibungu, ukufafaza kuphindwa kabili ngaphezulu ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7.
Kwesinye isikhathi i-chrysalidocarpus ngokubukeka kwayo ikhombisa amaphutha ekunakekelweni:
- amathiphu amaqabunga omile - umoya osegumbini womile kakhulu;
- amahlamvu aphenduka aphuzi - ukukhanya okukhanyayo kakhulu noma ukuthambisa okunganele;
- amabala ansundu emaqabungeni nasezimpondweni - izimpawu zokubola ngenxa yokuqina kwamanzi emhlabathini.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo
I-Chrysalidocarpus ifanela kahle ingaphakathi, kungakhathalekile isitayela sokwakhiwa kwayo. Amahlamvu aluhlaza aqhakazile namaqabunga amahle asondeza imvelo eduze. Kuyaziwa ukuthi isitshalo siyakwazi ukudonsa ngokushesha inani elikhulu lamanzi, eliye liphume kamuva. Ngakho-ke, i-chrysalidocarpus ayigcini ngokujabulisa ukubukeka okuhle, kodwa futhi ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yomoya endlini. Isusa umphunga we-benzene, i-formaldehyde, kanye ne-carbon monoxide.
Ekhaya, izitshalo zisebenzisa izithelo zaso emithini yabantu. Ama-alkaloid nama-tannins aqukethe inani elikhulu. Ngosizo lwamapulangwe amajikijolo alwa nezibungu kanye nohudo. Kodwa-ke, ungakhohlwa ubuthi bembewu. Ukuze ungenzi iphutha kumthamo, kungcono ukungasebenzisi lesi sidakamizwa ngaphakathi.
