IMordovia isitshalo se-herbaceous esidala esivela emndenini wakwa-Asters. Ihlukaniswa yi-inflorescence engajwayelekile eyindilinga. Lesi sitshalo saziwa nangaphansi kwamagama "echinops", "tatarnik", "Bluehead", "shoot". I-mordovia ejwayelekile kakhulu etholwe eSiberia, ingxenye yaseYurophu yeRussia, eNtshonalanga Yurophu naseCaucasus. Amahlamvu aqoshwe kanye nezimbali ezingajwayelekile zibukeka kahle engadini. Zikhanga izinambuzane zoju futhi ziyasetshenziswa emithini yabomdabu. Kufundza kunakekela i-muzzle kulula. Ngokubonga, uzonikeza uhlaza olumnandi.
Izici ze-Botanical
IMordovia iyisitshalo esidala se-herbaceous. Izihlahla zemvelo zanda kakhulu kuhlobo, yize kutholakala izitshalo ezinonyaka owodwa nambili. Ukuphakama kweziqu eziqonde kufinyelela ku-0.5-2 m. Impande yesiqu se-muzzle ijule emhlabathini. Engxenyeni engenhla, amagatsha aqhuma. Imbozwe ngemicu emifushane yesiliva noma onsundu.
Amaqabunga e-cinyrus ahlukaniswe nge-spiny ahlukaniswe ikakhulukazi esisekelweni sehlumela. Amahlamvu ezimpande ane-petioles, kanti amaqabunga esiqu ahlala ngokuqinile esicibeni. Ipuleti eliluhlaza okotshani obumnyama likhula ngo-10-25 cm ubude nama-5-10 cm ububanzi. Lapho amaqabunga ephakeme evela emhlabathini, ayaba mncane. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lweshidi lunendawo ecwebezelayo ye-wavy, kanti phansi yimbozwe ngothotho olubanzi.
Izimbali ziqala ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi futhi zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga. Izimbali ezincane ze-tubular ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence ayindilinga ekugcineni kwesiqu. Kwi-inflorescence ngayinye ingaba ngu-150-400 efihlekile. Kwisitshalo esisodwa, kufika ama-inflorescence afinyelela kwangama-30. Ububanzi bekhanda bungamasentimitha angama-3-5. Amaphembe wezimbali apendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omhlophe. Cishe imbali ngayinye kukhona isisongeli esibonakala ngokusobala esingajwayelekile.
Ekupheleni kukaJuni, izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa - ama-achenes amancane wesilinda. Zine-membrane ye-glandular kanye ne-crest. Ubude be-achene bubalelwa ku-6 mm.
Izinhlobo zesizulu
Uhlobo lwe-muzzle lunezinhlobo ezingama-190, kuyilapho ezingaphansi kweshumi nambili zazo zikhule emasikweni ezwe lethu.
Isizalo siyindilinga. Isitshalo sithandwa kakhulu. Ngakwesokudla, icishe lifule isiqu amafulethi ayisi-1,9-1,5 m phezulu. Ukudubula ngakunye kuthweswe umqhele omkhulu wama-inflorescence amhlophe qhwa. Ububanzi bayo buzi-4-7 cm. Ipuleti leqabunga eliluhlaza okotshani lihlukaniswe ngamabhizi amancane, agcina ngama-spikes abukhali. Izimbali zenzeka ngoJuni-Julayi.
Izibalo zivamile. Izinhlobonhlobo zixubene ngokwengeziwe ngosayizi. Ukuphakama kwehlumela kungeqi kumasentimitha angama-60. Isiqu esimnyama esiluhlaza kanye nohlangothi oluhlehlayo lwamaqabunga lumbozwe i-viliirerous silvery villi. Ubude beqabunga elilandelayo eliyindilinga lingamasentimitha ayi-6 - 20. NgoJulayi-Agasti, ama-inflorescence aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka aqhakaza ubukhulu obungamasentimitha ayi-2. Ikholomu emhlophe ene-ovary ibonakala kakhulu maphakathi nenkambu ngayinye.
Isizalo sibanzi. Ukuphakama kwalesi sitshalo se-perennial kungamasentimitha angama-30-75. Isiqu esiminyene simbozwe ngenqwaba ende yesilika. Amaqabunga aluhlaza omnyama onqenqemeni olunezihlahla ezikhula kahle azi-20 cm ubude, futhi ububanzi bawo bube amasentimitha ayi-10. NgoMeyi, kuqhakaza ama-inflorescence aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukukhula nokutshala
Ukuzala kabusha kwe-muzzle kwenziwa ngembewu. Imbewu eqoqwe yomisiwe futhi igcinwe endaweni eyomile, efudumele. Zigcina ukuhluma iminyaka emithathu. Ukufakwa emadwaleni kwenziwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono ekwindla, kepha ukuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo nakho kuvunyelwe. Amahlumela entwasahlobo akhula kancane kancane. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ekwindla, kunconywa ukufeza imbandela ebandayo yesonto. Le nqubo izolungiselela imbewu yefriji ezayo.
NgoSepthemba-Okthoba, imbewu ixubene ne-sawdust bese isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuma-grooves aqonde ku-1.5-3 cm. Ibanga phakathi kwama-grooves kufanele libe ngu-60 cm. Umhlabathi lapho-ke kufanele udalulwe nge-rake. Ayikho indawo yokukhosela eyengeziwe edingekayo. Hhayi, uma ebusika insimu yonke imbozwe yiqhwa, khona-ke amahlumela azoqala ukukhula ngaphambi kwalokho, bese kuvela amahlumela anobungani ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, ungatshala izithombo ngaphambi kokukhula. Lokhu kuyalulekwa uma udinga ukuhlwanyela indawo encane. Izithombo ziqala ukukhula ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezitsheni ezinesihlabathi ne-peat enhlabathini futhi inyanyekwe kahle. Amahlumela avela emva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10. Ukuze izithombo zingaholi, zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile kuphela maphakathi nenyanga kaMeyi.
UMordovia ukhetha inhlabathi evundile evundile engathathi hlangothi noma ine-acidic reaction. Emhlabathini onobumba osindayo, ukhula kabi. Futhi, lesi sitshalo sisho ngokungafanele ukusondela kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba kanye nemizimba yamanzi. Ngonyaka wokuqala, utshani bakha izimpande zawo bese benza irosette eliqabulayo lamaqabunga ase-basal. Kusukela ngonyaka wesibili, isiqu eside siqala ukuthuthuka, esimbozwe ngama-inflorescence amahle. Minyaka yonke, ubukhulu besihlahla buya bukhula futhi nezimbali ziba ziningi.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Ukunakekela i-muzzle kulula kakhulu. Usengozini kakhulu ngonyaka wokuqala wempilo, lapho engahlupheka ngokubuswa ukhula noma eziqandeni ezinzima. Ngokuzayo, umlimi kuzofanela enze imizamo eminingi yokunciphisa ukusakazeka kwesitshalo engadini yonke.
UMordovia ukhetha izindawo ezivuleke kahle. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile akamesabi, futhi ezindaweni ezinomthunzi utshani bungafa.
Isitshalo asihlushwa ukushisa okukhulu kanye namaqhwa amakhulu. Ebusika, ingamelana nokubanda okubandayo ku-40 ° C ngaphandle kokukhosela. Okusalungiswa nezinsimbi zomoya eziqinile akamesabi naye. Izitshalo ezinde kufanele zitshalwe eduzane nokuxhaswa noma ziboshwe. Ngaphansi kwesisindo sazo, iziqu kwesinye isikhathi ziyawa noma zize ziwe phansi.
I-mordovian ayidingi ukuthambisa. Iyaqhubeka ikhula ngisho nasekushiseni okukhulu kanye nesomiso isikhathi eside lapho inhlabathi yoma othulini. Ukufakwa umquba kunconyelwa kaningana ngonyaka. Entwasahlobo, ukutshala kuvundiswa nge-humus e-deciduous noma umquba obolile. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izihlahla ziniselwa ngesisombululo somanyolo wamaminerali onokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephezulu (ammonium nitrate).
Ukuvimbela ukuzimela okuzenzakalelayo, izimbali ze-mordovia ziyanqunywa ngaphambi kokuba imbewu ivuthwe. Ekwindla, kuyadingeka ukusika iziqu emhlabathini. Izimpande kuphela zobusika, okuvela kuzo amahlumela amasha entwasahlobo yokuqala.
IMordovia ayonakaliswa kakhulu yizifo zezitshalo. Kungomhlaba onamanzi kuphela lapho uhlushwa khona ukubola kwezimpande nokugquma kwamaqabunga. Akunakwenzeka ukusindisa okutshalekile; umuntu kufanele akuqothule ngokuphelele futhi aphathe inhlabathi ngama-fungicides. Izinambuzane ezitshalweni azihlali, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi unakekele ukuvikelwa kwazo ezinambuzaneni.
Uju uMordovia
IMordovia isitshalo esidumile soju. I-inflorescence ngayinye iqukethe kufika ku-20 mg kashukela. Kusuka kuhektha elilodwa lezimbali eziqhakazayo, izinyosi ziyakwazi ukuqoqa zize zifike ku-1000 kg uju (isigaxa esijikelezayo). Ezinye izinhlobo zikhiqiza isilinganiso esingu-300-500 kg soju. Inani lompe elikhiqizwayo lenyuka njalo ngonyaka. Kungabonakala kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu.
Umpe kaMordovian uyingxenye yoju lwamakhambi. Ihlukaniswa ngombala okhanyayo noma umbala we-amber nokubonakala okuphezulu. Ngemuva kokushukela, uju luba lula, lube mhlophe. Inephunga elimnandi lesiphunga nokunambitheka okubucayi.
Kuyafakazelwa ukuthi umkhiqizo uveze izakhiwo zokupholisa. Isetshenziselwa ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki, ukulwa ne-hypotension futhi kudambise ukungezwani kwemizwa.
Izici eziwusizo
Otshanini, izimbali kanye nezimpande zesifumbu, i-alkaloid echinopsin iqukethe, okuthi esenzweni sayo ifane ne-strychnine. Kuze kube ngu-1981, amalungiselelo echinopsin asetshenziswa ekwelashweni okusemthethweni ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwezimoto okuhambisana nomonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi noma olufiphele. Ngenxa yobuthi obuphezulu besitshalo, ibingasasetshenziswa ekhemisi, kepha umuthi uyaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa emithini yabomdabu. Ngaphezu kwe-alkaloid echaziwe, i-mordovia iqukethe ama-flavonoids, uwoyela obalulekile, i-ascorbic acid, ama-saponins, ama-steroid namaminerali.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ama-inflorescence namaqabunga ayavunwa. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, imbewu evuthiwe iyavunwa, futhi ngoSepthemba-Okthoba, kugaywa izimpande. Zonke izinto ezingavuthiwe zomisiwe ngaphandle ngaphansi kophahla. Ngemuva kwalokho ihlanza ngendwangu noma esikhwameni sephepha bese igcinwa emazingeni okushisa egumbini. Izimpande zingagcinwa kuze kube yiminyaka emibili, kanti okunye okusele kwesitshalo kufanele kusetshenziswe izinyanga eziyi-12.
Ama-decoctions, kanye ne-alcohol infusions, asetshenziselwa ngaphakathi ku:
- ukhiphe ikhanda;
- buyisela umsebenzi we-Reflex;
- ayeke ukubanjwa kwesithuthwane;
- yehlisa ukubonakaliswa kwe-hypotonic.
Amafutha amafutha atholwe esithelweni asetshenziswa esikhunjeni ukuze kunciphise ukuvuvukala, ukuyeka ukopha, ukulwa nokutheleleka kwamagciwane kanye nokwelapha i-psoriasis. Indima ebalulekile idlalwa yizidakamizwa ekwelapheni i-multiple sclerosis. Zinqabela ukukhula kwesifo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela! Imithi esekelwe ku-mordovia ingadala ubuthi, ngakho-ke udinga ukuyiphatha ngokunakekela okukhulu futhi ngemuva kokubonisana nochwepheshe. Nge-overdose, izicubu zemisipha nokuhluleka kokuphefumula kwenzeka. Kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa i-mordovia ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kanye nalapho kukhona khona i-allergies kanye ne-asthma.
Sebenzisa
Amahlamvu anamandla nezimbali ezinhle ze-mordovia zingahlobisa noma iyiphi ingxenye yengadi. Emvelweni, akukho okuncane okumsulwa nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngakho-ke unganikezeli i-mordovia engathembeki. Izimbali ezinamakha ziheha izinambuzane eziningi ezizuzisayo esizeni.
Amahlumela aphezulu prickly abekwa engxenyeni ephakathi noma ngemuva kombhede wezimbali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo eziphansi zezimbali zingatshalwa. UMordovia uhambe kahle nge-monarda, i-centranthus, i-poppies, i-lavender, ifilakisi, i-catnip ne-chamomiles.
Ama-inflorescence amahle aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka asetshenziselwa umhlobiso wezimbali, kanye nokwenza izingoma ezomile. UMordovia ugcina ukuma kwawo nemibala ecebile kahle.
