ICaladium isitshalo esithandekayo esinamaqabunga okuhlobisa. Ungowomndeni wakwa-Aroid futhi usatshalaliswa emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo naseLatin America. Ngobuhle obumangalisayo bamaqabunga, i-caladium ibizwa ngokuthi "amaphiko ezingelosi", "izindlebe zezindlovu" kanye "nenhliziyo kaJesu." Maye, isikhathi sokuvuka nokukhula okusebenzayo kumane izinyanga ezimbalwa ngonyaka. Uma uhlinzeka ngeCaladium nokuqukethwe okunethezekile, kwakha isihlahla esivuthayo esinamaqabunga obuhle obumangalisayo.
Izici ze-Botanical
ICaladium iyisitshalo se-herbaceous se-perennial enohlelo olunezimpande olubanzi. Ububanzi be-tuber enamagobongo abushelelezi buyi-10 cm. Amaphuzu wokukhula ambalwa angabonakala engxenyeni ephezulu. Isistimu yezimpande e-fibrous iba kusuka phansi phansi kwe-tuber.
Umjikelezo wokuphila we-caladium uhlukaniswe izinkathi zokuphumula nokukhula okusebenzayo. Kusukela ukuphela kuka-Agasti, wonke amahlumela awo otshani aqala ukoma. Kuze kube Mashi, kugcinwa kuphela nezilimo eziyizigaxa kuphela. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuvela amahlumela amasha emhlabeni.
Amaqabunga eCaladium emahlangeni amnyama anamanzi akhula ngokuqondile ku-tuber. Emvelweni wemvelo, ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-5.Izitshalo zasendlini zingama-40-90 cm ukuphakama. Ipuleti lomumo noma obunjwe ngenhliziyo linombala ohlukile. Ubude bamaqabunga bucishe bube ngama-30 cm, futhi ububanzi bube ngama-cm angama-15. Njengoba amaqabunga engumhlobiso oyinhloko, kunezinhlobo eziningi nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene. Isikhunta kuyinto okusajingijolo, isiliva, pink.
Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga okuqala ama-4, i-inflorescence iqala ukuthuthuka - indlebe ephakeme yokukhanya okuphuzi okuluhlaza. Sizungezwe iveli elimhlophe qwa. Izimbali cishe azihambisani nephunga futhi zihlala kuphela izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kokuvota, amajikijolo aminyene ayindilinga avuthwa. Ezimweni zasendlini, ukuqhakaza nezithelo kwenzeka kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zeCaladium
Uhlobo lweCaladium luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-15 eziphambili. Ake sicabangele ezinye zazo.
UCaladium Humboldt. Yilezi zinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ezisuselwa esisekelweni saso esivame ukutholakala emasikweni. Lesi sitshalo esingenakudalwa siqukethe irosette lamaqabunga amise okwenziwe ngomcibisholo afinyelela ku-10 cm ubude nangu-5 cm ububanzi. Esiqeshini seqabunga esiluhlaza obumnyama maphakathi nendawo kunezindawo ezinkulu zesiliva. I-inflorescence iqhakaza ngo-Ephreli, kepha ayidonseli ukunaka okuningi.
ICaladium yaseSchomburg. Izitshalo zithanda amahlathi omswakama aseBrazil. Amaqabunga e-oval akhula abe ngu-15 cm nobubanzi obuyi-12 cm. Ngasohlangothini olungaphambili, iqabunga lidwetshwe ngemibala ebomvu yesiliva enemithambo eluhlaza. Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa:
- IVenosum - eqabungeni eliluhlaza okweqanda, umngcele kanye nethambo eliphakathi kuqokonyiswa okubomvu, imithambo eseceleni ifingqiwe ibala eliphuzi;
- I-Erythraeum - kwipuleti leqabunga elibomvu elimnyama, amaphethini esiliva abekwe emithanjeni.
ICaladium Bicolor ezivamile kuma-Antilles. Ihlukaniswa ngamahlamvu angama-sagittal afinyelela ku-cm angama-30 ubude. Indlebe ivela ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari.
Isiko liphethwe hhayi izinhlobo caladiums, kodwa izinhlobo hybrid. Phakathi kwazo, okulandelayo kukhanga kakhulu:
- I-Rosalie - umngcele oluhlaza okhanyayo ubonakala emaqabunga abomvu;
- Ubuhle obupinki - maphakathi neqabunga lipendwe ngombala opinki, eceleni komngcele kukhona umngcele oluhlaza, kuthi imithambo iqokelelwe ngentambo ekhanyayo epinki;
- Ikhadinali yaseFlorida - okusajingijolo okusobala okushiya umngcele womugqa oluhlaza ogqamile;
- UKhisimusi omhlophe - ngaphezulu kwesiliva leqabunga imithende eluhlaza emnyama emithanjeni kanye namabala amancane aluhlaza amnyama.
Ukukhula
Ukukhishwa kabusha kwe- caladium kukhiqizwa izindlela zokusanhlamvu nembewu. Imbewu isheshe ilahlekelwe amandla ayo okuzala, futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyithola ekhaya. Izithombo azizidli ifa lokuhlukahluka kwesitshalo sikamama. Izitshalo zikhiqizwa esitsheni enomhlabathi ukuze zingakhethi. Zikhulise endaweni yokushisa engu- + 25 ... + 30 ° C ngaphansi kwefilimu noma ingilazi, ngaphansi kwezimo zomswakama ophezulu. Amahlumela avela kungakapheli amasonto amathathu. Zifafazwa njalo ngamanzi afudumele ahlanzekile. Kuze kube ekwindla, izithombo zakha amaqhubu amancane akwazi ukubusika obuzimele.
Ukusakazwa kwemifino kwenziwa ngendlela yokuhlukanisa noma ukhula lwenhlanganisela yama-tubers endodakazi. Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, ishubhu enkulu enamahlamvu amaningi inqunywa izingcezu. Isahluko ngasinye kufanele okungenani sibe nezinso ezimbili. Izindawo zezilayi zigaywe emalahleni aqothulwe bese zomiswa phakathi nosuku. Kamuva, i-tuber itshalwa emhlabathini olungiselelwe ngokukhethekile.
Uma phakathi nenkathi yengane yakheka eduze kwe-tuber kamama, entwasahlobo ingatshalwa ebhodweni elihlukile futhi ikhule njengesitshalo esizimele.
Kungenzeka ukusabalalisa i-caladium nge-petioles. Kulokhu, iqabunga elinesiqu linqunywa ekugcineni impela ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Imboze emanzini afudumele. Lapho kwakhiwa ishubhu elincanyana ekugcineni kwe-petiole, lidluliselwa enhlabathini ye-peaty. Ekwindla, ubukhulu be-tuber bufika ku-5-7 mm bese isitshalo singena esimweni esishisayo.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
Ekhaya, akunzima kakhulu ukunakekela i-caladium. Maye, imbali ijabulisa ngamahlamvu amahle izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela, kepha ngisho ngemuva kwalokhu, idinga nokunakekelwa ngesikhathi sokuwa.
Entwasahlobo yokuqala, ama-tubers atshalwa kabusha. Imbiza kufanele ilingane nosayizi wamaqhubu. Okuncane kakhulu kungatshalwa okuningi embizeni eyodwa, kepha udinga ukubashiya ukuze bakhule. Ichashazi elipinki ku-tubers kufanele libe ngaphezulu. Ukuze uthole isihlahla esikhulu esisakazayo, amaqhubu atshalwe aze aba ngu-5-10 cm.
Kungcono ukuthatha izingxube ezikhethekile zenhlabathi ze-caladium. Bahlukaniswa ngesakhiwo sokukhanya nokuqina kwamanzi okuphezulu. I-acidity yenhlabathi akufanele ingathathi hlangothi. Ukuqanjwa kuvame ukufaka i-humus nomhlaba onamaqabunga, i-peat, isihlabathi somfula kanye namalahle athile.
Isibani seCaladium sidinga okukhulu, kepha susa. Uma imibala inamagqabi ngokwengeziwe, kuyadingeka ukukhanya okwengeziwe. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kubangela ukusha ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvela amabala amnyama ansundu. Kungcono ukubeka amabhodwe ane-caladium empumalanga noma entshonalanga windows.
Ukushisa komoya okuphezulu kungo + 22 ... + 27 ° C. Ukupholisa ngaphansi + kuka-20 ° C kuyinto engathandeki nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphumula.
ICaladium ingazivumelanisa nomswakama ojwayelekile wasendlini. Uphendula ngokubonga ngokufafaza. Ukuntuleka komswakama kuholela ekomeni kwamaqabunga kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokukhula. Uma kunesidingo, amaphallet enobumba olumanzi olumanzi abekwa eduze kwezihlahla.
ICaladium ithande ukuchelela njalo, kepha ngezingxenyana ezincane ukuze amanzi angagxili emhlabathini. Ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba phakathi kokuphuza kufanele lome. Kusukela ngo-Agasti, lapho amaqabunga eqala ukufa, ukuthambisa kuyancipha bese kancane kancane kumiswa ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ukunisela kwenhlabathi ngamasipuni ambalwa amanzi kuvunyelwe. Entwasahlobo, lapho kufika amahlumela, ukuthambisa kuyanda, kepha ngokucophelela.
Umanyolo weCaladium uqala ngoJuni, lapho iningi lamaqabunga selivele livele. Isixazululo masonto onke sokufakwa kwamaminerali okunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-phosphorus, i-nitrogen ne-potassium kuthululelwa emhlabathini. Umanyolo uphela ngo-Agasti.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ama-caladium tubers atholakala ekuthini abole. Uma izindawo ezithintekile zitholakala, zisikwa izicubu ezinempilo futhi ziphathwe nge-fungicides ye-powder. Ukugqoka kumele kwenziwe ngonyaka ngesikhathi sokufakelwa. Amaqabunga angahlushwa ukulimala sekwephuzile. Iphinde iphathwe nge-fungicide.
ICaladium ingathinteka ngama-aphid, ama-mealybugs kanye nezindawo zesicabucabu. Uma izinambuzane zitholakala, kufanelekile ukuwasusa amaqabunga kahle ngaphansi kweseshini elifudumele, bese ubaphatha ngesibulala-zinambuzane.
