I-Penstemon isitshalo esingapheli noma isithombo se shrub. Ungowomndeni wakwaNorichen. Izwe lakubo eNyakatho neMelika Ephakathi, inhlobo eyodwa ikhula eMpumalanga Ekude naseMpumalanga Asia. Imbali ayisabonakala kakhulu ezingadini ezifuywayo. Iphethwe ama-inflorescence aqhakaze aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ifanelwe ukunakwa okusondele kakhulu kwabalimi. Zinhle futhi zinamakha kangangokuba ngokuqinisekile azoyithola indawo yazo engadini yezimbali futhi azothokozisa umnikazi wendawo kuphela, kodwa nazo zonke izivakashi zawo. Ama-penstemon aqhakaza nje phakathi nesikhathi sezimbali zasentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo, egcwalisa uqobo izikhala ezilinganisweni zezimbali. Uphonsa imicibisholo enemibala eminingi, njengesicishamlilo esikhanyayo.
Incazelo yeBotanical
IPenstemon - Izitshalo ezingama-rhizome zisetshenziswa ezingapheli ezinobude obuyi-0-1-1,2 m. amahlumela anombala obomvu noma obunjiwe apendwe ngombala oluhlaza ogqamile noma onsundu. Amaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakazile aluhlaza onqenqemeni oluqinile kanye nendawo ecwebezelayo aqoqwe ezansi irosette. On ihlumela zikhula okuphambene, ngaphandle petioles.
Isikhathi sokuqhakaza siba ngoMeyi-Juni, lapho ukuqhakaza okude okungaxhunyiwe ngesimo sethanga kukhula phezulu kwesiqu. Ama-corollas amancane abunjiwe noma atholakala enobumba onomqondo omncane oshiwo ngezindebe ezimbili. Imbali yePenstemon ipendiwe ngombala owodwa noma ngaphezulu. Ama-petals apinki, abomvu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi, ophuzi, amhlophe noma ukhilimu. Imvamisa umthunzi we pharynx ulula. Ubude benkomishi ngamasentimitha angama-1.5-2,5. Ama-stamens ahlekisayo ngama-anthers amnyama kanye nokuphuma kwesixhumo seqanda.
Ngemuva kokuvunda, imbewu yensimbi ye-bivalve enezinhlamvu ezincane kakhulu, ezivuthiwe. Imbewu imbozwe ngesikhumba esinsundu esinzima. Kugramu ngayinye yembewu kukhona amayunithi angafika ku-10 000. Ukuhluma kugcinwa iminyaka emibili.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa
Uhlobo lwe-penstemon luningi kakhulu, luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-250. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthandwa okuphansi kuthengiso, kuphela ezinye zazo ezitholakalayo.
UPenstemon unentshebe. Ukuphakama kwe-herbaceous perennial ngamasentimitha angama-70-90. Unobuthi obuqondile, obuqinile obungagatsha kancane. Leli hlumela limbozwe isikhumba esibushelelezi esiluhlaza, lapho amaqabunga e-lanceolate noma ama-ovate ephikisana nawo ekhula ngomphetho obanzi, obukhali. NgoJuni, kuqhume ama-bloemose inflorescence ama-25-30 cm ubude.Izimbali ezinobukhulu obude obufika kuma-2,5 cm wokugcina ezinyangeni ezi-1-1,5. Amacembe awo abomvu noma abomvu obomvu. Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa:
- I-Coccineus - izimbali ezibomvu eziqhakazayo ziyaqhuma eziqwini ezingama-60-120 cm ukuphakama;
- Ama-Towers amnyama - isihlahla esinotshani obude obungu-10-90 cm ambozwe ngamaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza-oluhlaza nezimbali ze-tubular ezimhlophe-zipinki;
- I-Rondo - isitshalo esifinyelela ku-40 cm ukuphakama sihlotshiswe ngezinsimbi ezibomvu futhi simise okwesibhakabhaka;
- URubycunda - izimbali ezinkulu ezibomvu ezibomvu eziqhakaza umphimbo omhlophe maphakathi noNtulikazi ku-50 cm ukuphakama;
- I-Maiden ye-Iron - iziqu ezibushelelezi onsomi zifinyelela ku-inflorescence ngama-buds amancane abomvu-abomvu.
Digitalis penstemon. Ukubuka kudume ngokungamelana kwawo okuphezulu nesithwathwa. Ukuphakama kokudutshulwa kwayo kungamasentimitha angama-60-120. I-rosette yamaqabunga e-basal igcinwa unyaka wonke. On amahlumela eside branched, ukhilimu tubular noma pinkish izimbali eziqhakaza. Izimbali ziqala ngoJuni. Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa:
- U-Evelyn - ama-inflorescence apinki aqhakaza emahlumela aluhlaza okhanyayo;
- UHusker ubomvu - amahlumela namaqabunga apendwe ngotshani obomvu wethusi, abopha kahle izimbali ze-tubular ezimhlophe qhwa.
IPenstemon iyakhanya. Ukuphakama kwalesi sithelo esithandekayo asidluli ku-25 cm. Phansi kwesiqu kunesixha samaqabunga amade ama-lanceolate anhlangothi zonke eziyindilinga. Amahlumela apendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Izitshalo zilwa nesithwathwa, kanti ngoMeyi-Juni ziyaqhakaza i-inflorescence eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi. Izimbali ezineshubhu elifushane nezinsimbi ezibanzi zinobubanzi obungu-2-2,5 cm.
Ukukhula kwePenstemon
IPenstemon isatshalaliswa yimbewu nezindlela zemifino. Izitshalo azikhathaleli futhi zibekezelela noma ikuphi ukukhohlisa. Ukulinywa kwePenstemon kusuka imbewu kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Okokuqala udinga ukuthola izithombo. Imbewu isatshalaliswa esihlabathini nangaphezulu kwenhlabathi emabhokisini bese ibekwa egumbini elikhanyiselwe kahle nelifudumele. Ungafafaza imbewu encane ngesihlabathi. Inhlabathi kumele ifafazwe njalo ukuze ingaphezulu ihlale inyunyisiwe. Amahlumela avela ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14. Izithombo zikhule ngokushisa kuka + 18 ... + 24 ° C. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga amabili eqiniso, izithombo zingena ezimbizeni ezihlukene zepuni. Ngalezi zimbiza, izithombo zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ekupheleni kukaMeyi.
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-penstemon ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile kuyenziwa. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngoNovemba, khona-ke izithombo zizovela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo bese izimbali zivela kancane ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo.
Isihlahla esikhulu se-penstemon sihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, udinga ukumba yonke ikhethini, ususe iningi lomhlaba futhi uqede isiqu ngezandla zakho. U-Delenki otshalwe emhlabathini ovuselelwe ngebanga elingama-35 cm.
NgoMeyi-Agasti bazilolongela ukusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sika amahlumela we-apical ngaphandle kwezimbali bese uwafaka emhlabathini olumanzi. Izithombo ziyafafazwa, zimbozwe ngefilimu futhi zishiywe emthunzini oyingxenye.
I-Penstemon ingasakazwa ngokuhlelwa. Entwasahlobo, ezinye amahlumela ngoswazi lwesigaxa zingcwatshwa kancane emhlabathini. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3, ihlumela lakha isiqu salo futhi lingahlukaniswa nesitshalo sikamama.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Vele, i-penstemon ingazijwayeza cishe noma yiziphi izimo zokuphila, kodwa kufanelekile ukukhetha indawo enhle ngayo futhi izihlahla zimbozwa kakhulu ngama-inflorescences anemibala.
Indawo. Izitshalo zithanda amasimu avulekile anelanga, kepha ziyasaba okubhaliwe nomoya onamandla womoya. I-Penstemon itshalwe enhlabathini evulekile, eyakhiwe kahle ene-acid reaction. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi ibiwa ngokucophelela futhi ifakwe umquba omningi obolile. Inhlabathi esindayo kumele ixubaniswe nesihlabathi, amatshe abunjiwe kanye sawdust.
Ukuvula amandla. Kuyadingeka ukhula futhi ukhulule inhlabathi njalo ukuze umoya ungene ezimpandeni. Ama-penstemons awakubekezeleli ukukhukhula kwenhlabathi nokuqina kwamanzi ezimpandeni. Ngalesi sizathu, ebusika, izitshalo zimboza, futhi futhi zisusa iqhwa ngokweqile, ukuze uketshezi oluningi lungaqoqeki lapho lincibilika.
Ukunisela. Izitshalo ziniselwa njalo, kodwa ukuze umhlaba wome phakathi kokunisela. Ehlobo, ukuthambisa kwenziwa zonke ezinye izinsuku.
Umanyolo. Emhlabathini onamanyolo, isihlahla se-penstemon sikhula siqine futhi siqhume kakhulu. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-organic top dress, ezenza okungenani kathathu ngonyaka. Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, i-penstemon iyanezelelwa ngesisombululo ngokuqukethwe okuphakeme kwe-phosphorus.
Izihlahla. Imbali kumele ihlolwe njalo. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ama-inflorescence agqunyiwe ayasuswa. Amahlamvu omile nawo asikwa ngezikhathi ezithile. I-Autumn yisikhathi sokuthena okulukhuni. Cishe yonke ingxenye yomhlabathi iyasuswa, kwesinye isikhathi ishiya i-rosette yamaqabunga ase-basal. Njalo ngeminyaka engama-3-5, noma ngokunakekelwa okufanele, amahlumela ayelulwa futhi avezwe, futhi ama-inflorescence mancane. Ngakho-ke, izihlahla kufanele ziphinde zenziwe kabusha, zithathelwe indawo ngokusika okusha noma izithombo.
Ubusika. I-Penstemon imbozwe ngamaqabunga awile kanye ne-spruce aze afike ku-10-15 cm. Kubalulekile ukubheka isimo somhlabathi, ngoba izitshalo zithambekele kakhulu ekufakweni kunokuqandiswa yiqhwa.
Izifo nezinambuzane. IPenstemon ine-immune eqinile, kepha ezindaweni ezinomswakama ingahlaselwa yizifo fungal. Kwesinye isikhathi imbali ithinta isifo lapho amahlumela aqala ukoma kusuka phezulu. Isibhamu esinegciwane kufanele sisuswe. Maduze kuzovela amahlumela amasha aphilile emhlabeni. Izinambuzane zePenstemon azihlaseli, ngakho-ke akufanele ukhathazeke ngokuvikela izinyamazane.
Ukusetshenziswa kwengadi
IPenstemon ikhula ngokushesha futhi yakha isihlahla esikhulu, esidlakadlaka, esimbozwe ngama-inflorescence aqhakazile. Ukuhlobisa kakhulu, kepha akuhambisani kahle nomakhelwane engadini yezimbali. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukukhulisa ama-penstemons ebangeni elithile kusuka kwezinye izimbali noma usebenzise izitshalo eziqinile ezinolaka. Imbali isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa imingcele, izingadi zamadwala kanye nemibhede enkulu yezimbali. Yize ukusikwa kwama-inflorescence ayo kungahlali isikhathi eside, muhle kakhulu kuma-bouquets.
